Women surrealists are women artists, photographers, filmmakers and authors connected with the

surrealist Surrealism is an art movement, art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike s ...

movement, which began in the early 1920s.

Painters

* Gertrude Abercrombie (1909–1977), Chicago artist inspired by the surrealists, who became prominent in the 1930s and 1940s. She was also involved with the

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...

music scene and was friends with musicians such as

Dizzy Gillespie John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( ; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, educator and singer. He was a trumpet virtuoso and improvisation, improviser, building on the virtuosic style of Roy El ...

Charlie Parker Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazz Saxophone, saxophonist, bandleader, and composer. Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of beb ...

, and

Sarah Vaughan Sarah Lois Vaughan (, March 27, 1924 – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer and pianist. Nicknamed "Sassy" and "List of nicknames of jazz musicians, The Divine One", she won two Grammy Awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award, ...

.Richard Vine,
Where the Wild Things Were
, '' Art in America'', May 1997, pp. 98–111Warren, Lynn, ''Art in Chicago 1945–1995'', Thames & Hudson, 1996 *

Marion Adnams Marion Elizabeth Adnams (3 December 1898 – 24 October 1995) was an English painter, printmaker and draughtswoman. She is notable for her Surrealism, surrealist paintings, in which apparently unconnected objects appear together in unfamiliar, o ...

(1898–1995), English painter, printmaker, and draughtswoman, notable for her

paintings. * Eileen Forrester Agar (1899–1991), born in Argentina and moved to Britain in childhood. She was prominent among British surrealists; Agar made intricate collages and paintings of abstract organic shapes.Colvile, Georgiana, ''Scandaleusement d'elles: trente-quatre femmes surréalistes'', Jean-Michel Place, Paris, 1999 *

Rachel Baes Rachel Baes (1 August 1912 – 8 June 1983) was a Belgian surrealist painter. The growth of the women's movement in the late 20th century led to renewed interest in female artists and brought greater appreciation of their work. In 2002 the Roya ...

(1912–1983), Belgian painter, who from 1929 onwards was a member of the surrealist group around

René Magritte René François Ghislain Magritte (; 21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967) was a Belgium, Belgian surrealist artist known for his depictions of familiar objects in unfamiliar, unexpected contexts, which often provoked questions about the nature ...

. * Fanny Brennan (1921–2001), painter; grew up in the world of art spending time with

Gerald and Sara Murphy Gerald Clery Murphy and Sara Sherman Wiborg were wealthy, expatriate Americans who moved to the French Riviera in the early 20th century and who, with their generous hospitality and flair for parties, created a vibrant social circle, particularl ...

and

Pablo Picasso Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, Ceramic art, ceramicist, and Scenic ...

. She was featured in two shows in 1941 in the Wakefield Bookshop gallery. As well as she had three solo exhibits in 1973 and a book published of her work in 1990. *

Emmy Bridgwater Emma Frith Bridgwater (10 November 1906 – 13 March 1999),. known as Emmy Bridgwater, was an English artist and poet associated with the Surrealist movement. Based at times in both Birmingham and London, she was a significant member of the Birm ...

(1906–1999), English artist and poet associated with the

movement. *

Leonora Carrington Mary Leonora Carrington (6 April 191725 May 2011) was a British-born, naturalised Mexican Surrealist painter and novelist. She lived most of her adult life in Mexico City and was one of the last surviving participants in the Surrealist movem ...

(1917–2011), British-born Mexican surrealist painter. She met the surrealist

Max Ernst Max Ernst (; 2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German-born painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic trai ...

in 1937, and had a painful and complicated relationship with him. Much of her work is autobiographical. *

Ithell Colquhoun Ithell Colquhoun ( 9 October 1906 – 11 April 1988) was a British painter, occultist, poet and author. Stylistically her artwork was affiliated with Surrealism. In the early 1930s she met André Breton in Paris, and later started working w ...

(1906–1988), British surrealist painter and author. *

Leonor Fini Leonor Fini (30 August 1907 – 18 January 1996) was an Argentine-Italian surrealist painter, designer, illustrator, and author, known for her depictions of powerful and erotic women. Early life Fini was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Ma ...

(1907–1996), born in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...

and raised in

Trieste Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, ...

, met the surrealists in 1936 but never officially joined. She paints startling images, often with

sphinxes A sphinx ( ; , ; or sphinges ) is a mythical creature with the head of a human, the body of a lion, and the wings of an eagle. In Greek tradition, the sphinx is a treacherous and merciless being with the head of a woman, the haunches of a ...

or apparitions. *

Jane Graverol Jane Graverol (1905–1984) was a Belgian surrealist painter of French extraction. Life Jane Graverol was born in Ixelles on 18 December 1905 to Alexandre Graverol and Anne-Marie Lagadec. After a traditional education, she enrolled in the Brussels ...

(1905–1985), Belgian surrealist painter. *

Valentine Hugo Valentine Hugo (; 1887–1968) was a French artist and writer. She was born Valentine Marie Augustine Gross, only daughter to Auguste Gross and Zélie Démelin, in Boulogne-sur-Mer. She is best known for her work with the Russian ballet and with ...

(1887–1968), illustrator and married to

Jean Hugo Jean Hugo (; 19 November 1894 – 21 June 1984) was a painter, illustrator, theatre designer and author. He was born in Paris and died in his home at the Mas de Fourques, near Lunel, France. Brought up in a lively artistic environment, he beg ...

, she participated in the

movement between 1930 and 1936. *

Frida Kahlo Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón (; 6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954) was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by Culture of Mexico, the country' ...

(1907–1954), Mexican painter claimed by Breton as surrealist, though Kahlo herself rejected the label. *

Rita Kernn-Larsen Rita Kernn-Larsen (1 January 1904 – 10 April 1998) was a Danish surrealist painter. She was born to a wealthy family in Hillerød, and attended the private Marie Mørks School there. She began to paint at a young age, and after spending time abr ...

(1904–1998), Danish painter. *

Greta Knutson Greta Knutson, also known as Greta Knutson-Tzara (1899–1983), was a Swedish modernist visual artist, art critic, short story writer, and poet. A student of André Lhote who adopted Abstraction, Cubism and Surrealism, she was also noted for he ...

(1899–1983), Swedish artist and writer who pursued surrealism while married to

Tristan Tzara Tristan Tzara (; ; ; born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; – 25 December 1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, c ...

in the 1930s. *

Jacqueline Lamba Jacqueline Lamba (17 November 1910 – 20 July 1993) was a French painter and surrealist artist. She was married to the surrealist André Breton. Biography Lamba was born in the Paris suburb of Saint-Mandé, on 17 November 1910 (contrary to at ...

(1910–1993), French painter, married (1934–1943) to

André Breton André Robert Breton (; ; 19 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer and poet, the co-founder, leader, and principal theorist of surrealism. His writings include the first ''Surrealist Manifesto'' (''Manifeste du surréalisme'') ...

. *

Maruja Mallo Maruja Mallo (born Ana María Gómez González; 5 January 1902 – 6 February 1995) was a Spanish surrealist painter. She is considered an artist of the Generation of 1927 within the Spanish avant-garde movement. Biography Mallo was the fourt ...

(1902–1995), Galician Spanish avant-garde artist whose painting in the 1930s was influenced by surrealism. * Margaret Modlin (1927–1998), American surrealist painter, sculptor and photographer who spent most of her adult life in Spain. *

Grace Pailthorpe Grace Winifred Pailthorpe (29 July 1883 – 19 July 1971) was a British surrealist painter, surgeon, and psychology researcher. Early life and World War I Pailthorpe was born in St Leonards-on-Sea in Sussex in 1883. She was the third child and ...

(1883–1971), British surrealist painter, surgeon, and psychology researcher. *

Alice Rahon Alice Phillipot (Alice Rahon) (8 June 1904 – September 1987) was a French-born Mexican poet and artist whose work contributed to the beginning of abstract expression in Mexico. She began as a surrealist poet in Europe but began painting in Mex ...

(1904–1987), French/Mexican poet and artist. Her work contributed to the beginning of

Abstract Expressionism Abstract expressionism in the United States emerged as a distinct art movement in the aftermath of World War II and gained mainstream acceptance in the 1950s, a shift from the American social realism of the 1930s influenced by the Great Depressi ...

in Mexico. *

Edith Rimmington Edith Rimmington (1902–1986), was an English artist, poet and photographer associated with the Surrealist movement. Biography She was born in Leicester and studied at the University of Brighton Faculty of Arts#20th century, Brighton School o ...

(1902–1986), British artist and photographer *

Penelope Rosemont Penelope Rosemont (born 1942 in Chicago, Illinois) is a visual artist, writer, publisher, and social activist who attended Lake Forest College. She has been a participant in the Surrealist Movement since 1965. With Franklin Rosemont, Bernard Ma ...

(born 1942), writer and painter joined the surrealist group in Paris, 1965 and met Andre Breton. In Chicago she and her friends organized an active surrealist group linked with the Breton group. Her painting was shown in the 1986 Venice Biennale. *

Kay Sage Katherine Linn Sage (June 25, 1898 – January 8, 1963), usually known as Kay Sage, was an American Surrealism, Surrealist artist and poet active between 1936 and 1963. A member of the Golden Age and post-war periods of Surrealism, she is mostly ...

(1898–1963), began painting surrealist landscapes in the late 1930s, met and married fellow surrealist

Yves Tanguy Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 - January 15, 1955), known as just Yves Tanguy (; ), was a French Surrealist painter. Biography Tanguy was the son of a retired navy captain, and was born January 5, 1900, at the Ministry of Naval Aff ...

in 1940.Heller, Nancy G., ''Women Artists: An Illustrated History'', Abbeville Press, Publishers, New York 1987 *

Ángeles Santos Torroella Ángeles Santos Torroella (7 November 1911 – 3 October 2013) was a Spanish surrealist painter. Born in Portbou, Catalonia, she was the sister of the poet and art critic Rafael Santos Torroella. She married the painter Emili Grau Sala. Her s ...

(1911–2013), Catalan-Spanish painter with an interesting surrealist early stage. *

Eva Švankmajerová Eva Švankmajerová (née Dvořáková; 25 September 1940 – 20 October 2005) was a Czech surrealist painter, ceramist, costume and stage designer, poet and prose writer. SHe was wife and collaborator of the artist and film director Jan Švankmaje ...

(1940–2005), Czech painter, ceramicist and writer. She collaborated with her husband

Jan Švankmajer Jan Švankmajer (born 4 September 1934) is a Czech retired film director, animator, writer, playwright and artist. He draws and makes free graphics, collage, ceramics, tactile objects and asse ...

on films such as ''

Alice Alice may refer to: * Alice (name), most often a feminine given name, but also used as a surname Literature * Alice (''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''), a character in books by Lewis Carroll * ''Alice'' series, children's and teen books by ...

'', ''

Faust Faust ( , ) is the protagonist of a classic German folklore, German legend based on the historical Johann Georg Faust (). The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a deal with the Devil at a ...

'' and ''

Conspirators of Pleasure ''Conspirators of Pleasure'' () is a 1996 black comedy film by Jan Švankmajer. His third feature film after ''Alice'' and ''Faust'', it was nominated for the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival. Plot In Prague, Mr. Pivoňk ...

''. *

Dorothea Tanning Dorothea Margaret Tanning (25 August 1910 – 31 January 2012) was an American painter, printmaker, sculptor, writer, and poet. Her early work was influenced by Surrealism. Biography Dorothea Tanning was born and raised in Galesburg, Illinois. ...

(1910–2012), American painter, sculptor, printmaker, writer, and poet, whose early work was influenced by surrealism. She became part of the circle of surrealists in New York in the 1940s, and was married to fellow surrealist

for 30 years. *

Bridget Bate Tichenor Bridget Bate Tichenor (born Bridget Pamela Arkwright Bate) (November 22, 1917 – October 12, 1990) was a British surrealism, surrealist painter of fantastic art in the school of magic realism and a fashion editor. Born in Paris, she later e ...

(1917–1990), born in Paris and of British descent, she later embraced Mexico as her home. Surrealist painter of

fantastic art Fantastic art is a broad and loosely defined art genre. It is not restricted to a specific school of artists, geographical location or historical period. It can be characterised by subject matter—which portrays non-realistic, mystical, mythi ...

in the school of

magic realism Magical realism, magic realism, or marvelous realism is a style or genre of fiction and art that presents a realistic view of the world while incorporating magical elements, often blurring the lines between speculation and reality. ''Magical re ...

and a fashion editor. *

Toyen Toyen (born Marie Čermínová; 21 September 1902 – 9 November 1980) was a Czech painter, drafter, and illustrator and a member of the surrealist movement. In 1923, the artist adopted the professional pseudonym Toyen. The name Toyen has be ...

(1902–1980),

Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surnam ...

painter, draftsperson and illustrator and a member of the

movement. *

Remedios Varo María de los Remedios Alicia Rodriga Varo y Uranga (known as Remedios Varo, 16 December 1908 – 8 October 1963) was a Spanish and Mexican surrealist painter. Early life and education María de los Remedios Alicia Rodriga Varo y Uranga was bo ...

(1908–1963), Catalan-Spanish surrealist painter who moved to Mexico, she was known for her dreamlike paintings of scientific apparatus. She was married to the surrealist poet

Benjamin Peret Benjamin ( ''Bīnyāmīn''; "Son of (the) right") blue letter bible: https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h3225/kjv/wlc/0-1/ H3225 - yāmîn - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (kjv) was the younger of the two sons of Jacob and Rachel, and Jacob's twe ...

.Kaplan, Janet A. ''Unexpected Journeys: The Art and Life of Remedios Varo'', Abbeville Press, New York 1988

Sculptors

* Maria Martins (1894–1973), Brazilian visual artist known as “the sculptor of the tropics”. * Elisa Breton (1906–2000), Chilean-born French artist and writer. The third wife of

, she made surrealist boxes. *

Sonia Mossé Sonia Mossé (27 August 1917 – 30 March 1943) was a Jewish French artist, actor, decorator, and draughtswoman who inspired many artists of her time. Close to the surrealist movement, she frequented the Éluard couple, Man Ray and many other ...

(1917–1943), French actor and illustrator. In 1938 she took part in the

Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme The Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme was an exhibition by surrealism, surrealist artists that took place from January 17 to February 24, 1938, in the generously equipped Galérie Beaux-Arts, run by Georges Wildenstein, at 140, Rue du Faubo ...

in Paris, where she designed one of the surrealist mannequins. *

Méret Oppenheim Meret (or Méret) Elisabeth Oppenheim (6 October 1913 – 15 November 1985) was a German-born Swiss Surrealist artist and photographer. Early life Meret Oppenheim was born on 6 October 1913 in Berlin. She was named after Meretlein, a wild c ...

(1913–1985), German-Swiss sculptor and photographer, also famous as one of

Man Ray Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American naturalized French visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealism, Surrealist movements, ...

's models. Her most famous sculpture is '' Object (Breakfast in Fur)'', a teacup, saucer and spoon completely encased in soft brown fur. *

Mimi Parent Mimi Parent (born Marie Parent; September 8, 1924June 14, 2005) was a Canadian surrealist artist. For many years she lived and worked in Paris, France. Her art is known for its symbolism, and the metaphorical use of existing objects, including hu ...

(1924–2005), Canadian artist described by Breton as one of the "vital forces" of surrealism. Her 'picture objects' were hybrids between painting and sculpture. *

Alina Szapocznikow Alina Szapocznikow (; May 16, 1926 – March 2, 1973) was a Polish artist and Holocaust survivor. Recognized as one of the most important Polish sculptors of the post-war era, Szapocznikow utilized diverse and experimental mediums to investigate an ...

(1926–1973), Polish sculptor and Holocaust survivor, who spent time in Paris in the late 1940s and was exposed to the work of Jean Arp and Alberto Giacometti, among other artists connected to surrealism. Her sculptures evidenced an interest in the surrealist distortion of the human body.

Photographers

Claude Cahun Claude Cahun (, born Lucy Renee Mathilde Schwob; 25 October 1894 – 8 December 1954) was a French surrealist photographer, sculptor, and writer. Schwob adopted the pseudonym Claude Cahun in 1914. Cahun is best known as a writer and self-portra ...

(1894–1954), born Lucy Renee Mathilde Schwob, French photographer and writer, associated with the surrealist movement. *

Nusch Éluard Nusch Éluard (born Maria Benz; 21 June 1906 – 28 November 1946) was a French performer, model and surrealist artist. Born Maria Benz in Mulhouse (then part of the German Empire), she met Swiss architect and artist Max Bill in the Odeon Caf� ...

(1906–1946), French photographer, performer and model. *

Henriette Grindat Henriette Grindat (1923–1986) was a Swiss photographer. She was a major female contributor to artistic photography, taking a Surrealism, Surrealist approach inspired by the literary trends of the post-war years. Biography Born in Biel/Bienne, B ...

(1923–1986), one of the few Swiss women to develop an interest in artistic photography, associating with

and later collaborating with

Albert Camus Albert Camus ( ; ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, dramatist, journalist, world federalist, and political activist. He was the recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44, the s ...

. *

Kati Horna Kati Horna (May 19, 1912 – October 19, 2000), born Katalin Deutsch, was a Hungarian-born Mexican photojournalist, surrealist photographer and teacher. She was born in Budapest, at the time part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, lived in France, ...

(1912–2000), born Kati Deutsch, Hungarian-born Mexican photojournalist, surrealist photographer and teacher. *

Ida Kar Ida Kar (8 April 1908 – 24 December 1974) was a photographer active mainly in London after 1945. She took many black-and-white portraits of artists and writers. Her solo show of photographs at the Whitechapel Gallery in 1960 was the first of ...

(1908–1974), Russian-born photographer who lived and worked in Paris,

Cairo Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ...

and London. *

Dora Maar Henriette Theodora Markovitch (22 November 1907 – 16 July 1997), known as Dora Maar, was a French photographer and painter. Maar was both a pioneering Surrealist artist and an antifascist activist. Maar was depicted in a number of Picasso's p ...

(1907–1997), Croatian-born French photographer who had a nine-year relationship with

. * Emila Medková (1928–1985), Czech photographer who began producing surrealistic works in 1947, above all remarkable documentary images of the urban environment. *

Lee Miller Elizabeth "Lee" Miller, Lady Penrose (April 23, 1907 – July 21, 1977), was an American photographer and photojournalist. Miller was a fashion model in New York City in the 1920s before going to Paris, becoming a fashion and fine-art pho ...

(1907–1977), American photographer, photojournalist and model. *

Marcel Moore Marcel Moore (born Suzanne Alberte Malherbe, 19 July 1892 – 19 February 1972) was a French illustrator, designer, and photographer. She, along with her romantic and creative partner Claude Cahun, was a surrealist writer and photographer. Ear ...

(1892–1972), born Suzanne Alberte Malherbe, French illustrator, designer, writer and photographer. *

Francesca Woodman Francesca Stern Woodman (April 3, 1958 – January 19, 1981) was an American photographer best known for her black and white pictures featuring either herself or female models. Many of her photographs show women, naked or clothed, blurred (due to ...

(1958–1981), American photographer who explored the relationship between the body and its surroundings. *

Toshiko Okanoue is a Japanese artist associated with the Japanese avant-garde art world of the 1950s and best known for her Surrealist photo collages. Early career Born in Kochi and raised in Tokyo, Okanoue began to make photo collages while studying fashion ...

(born 1928), Japanese surrealist known for her photo collages.

Filmmakers

Germaine Dulac Germaine Dulac (; born Charlotte Elisabeth Germaine Saisset-Schneider; 17 November 1882 – 20 July 1942)Flitterman-Lewis 1996 was a French filmmaker, film theorist, journalist and critic. She was born in Amiens and moved to Paris in early chil ...

(1882–1942), French filmmaker, who directed ''

The Seashell and the Clergyman ''The Seashell and the Clergyman'' () is a 1928 French experimental film directed by Germaine Dulac, from an original scenario by Antonin Artaud. It premiered in Paris on 9 February 1928. The film is associated with French Surrealism. Synopsis ...

'' in 1928. * Nelly Kaplan (1931–2020), Argentine-born French "neo-surrealist" filmmaker and writer.

Writers

Aase Berg Aase Berg (; born 1967) is a Swedes, Swedish poet and critic. Aase Berg was among the founding members of the The Surrealist Group in Stockholm, Stockholm Surrealist Group in 1986 and published an early book on their publishing company ''Surreal ...

(born 1967), Swedish poet and critic, among the founding members of the Stockholm Surrealist Group in 1986. *

Suzanne Césaire Suzanne Césaire (; ; née Roussi; 11 August 1915, Poterie des Trois-Ilets, Martinique – 16 May 1966, Yvelines) was a French writer, teacher, scholar, anti-colonial and feminist activist, and Surrealist. She co-founded the Martinique cultural j ...

(1915—1966), Martinican writer, teacher, and anti-colonialist. She co-founded and edited the cultural journal ''

Tropiques ''Tropiques'' was a quarterly literary magazine published in Martinique from 1941 to 1945. It was founded by Aimé Césaire, Suzanne Césaire, and other Martinican intellectuals of the era, who contributed poetry, essays, and fiction to the magaz ...

''. *

Lise Deharme Lise Deharme (née Anne-Marie Hirtz; 5 May 1898 – 19 January 1980) was a French writer associated with the Surrealist movement. Biography Deharme was born in Paris in 1898. Her father was a famous doctor. In January 1925, she visited the Paris ...

(1898–1980), French writer associated with the surrealist movement. *

Irène Hamoir Irène Hamoir (25 July 1906 – 17 May 1994) was a Belgian novelist and poet, the leading female member of the Belgian surrealist movement. Her poetry was published under the pen name Irine, and she appeared as Lorrie in the writings of her ...

(1906–1994), Belgian novelist and poet. * Joyce Mansour (1928–1986), Egyptian-French poet. She first encountered surrealism in

, but moved to Paris in 1953. *

Olga Orozco Olga Orozco (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1999) (full name: Olga Noemí Gugliotta Orozco) was an Argentine poet. She was a recipient of the FIL Award. Biography She was born in Toay, La Pampa, to Carmelo Gugliotta, a Sicilian from Capo d'Orlando ...

(1920–1999), Argentine poet of the surrealistic 'Tercera Vanguardia' generation. *

Alejandra Pizarnik Flora Alejandra Pizarnik (29 April 1936 – 25 September 1972) was an Argentine poet. Her idiosyncratic and thematically introspective poetry has been considered "one of the most unusual bodies of work in Latin American literature", and has be ...

(1936–1972), Argentine poet heavily influenced by surrealism. * Valentine Penrose (1898–1978), French surrealist poet, author and

collagist Collage (, from the , "to glue" or "to stick together") is a technique of art creation, primarily used in the visual arts, but in music too, by which art results from an assembly of different forms, thus creating a new whole. (Compare with pasti ...

. * Gisèle Prassinos (1920–2015), French writer of Greek heritage, associated with surrealism since her first publication at the age of 14. * Guia Risari (born 1971), Italian writer, novelist, essayist, translator. *

(born 1942), American writer, painter, photographer,

and cofounder of the

Chicago Surrealist Group The Chicago Surrealist Group was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in July 1966 by Franklin Rosemont, Penelope Rosemont, Bernard Marszalek, Tor Faegre and Robert Green after a trip to Paris in 1965, during which they were in contact with André Breto ...

. Her edited anthology ''

Surrealist Women ''Surrealist Women: An International Anthology'' is an anthology edited by Penelope Rosemont. It was published by University of Texas Press The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is the university press of the University of Texas at A ...

'' demonstrated the breadth of women's contribution to surrealism. *

Ginka Steinwachs Ginka Steinwachs (born 31 October 1942) is a German educator and writer. The daughter of Walter S. Steinwachs and Hildegard Feist, she was born Gisela Steinwachs in Göttingen and was educated in Munich, Berlin and Paris. Her PhD thesis on André ...

(born 1942), German scholar and writer. Her doctoral thesis on

was published as ''Mythologie des Surrealismus''. * Blanca Varela (1926–2009), Peruvian poet.

Octavio Paz Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, a ...

characterized her poetry as in the "spiritual lineage" of surrealism. * Haifa Zangana (born 1950), Iraqi writer active in surrealist activity in London. *

Unica Zürn Unica Zürn (6 July 1916 – 19 October 1970) was a German author and artist. Zürn is remembered for her works of anagram poetry and automatic drawing and for her photographic collaborations with Hans Bellmer. An exhibition of Bellmer and Zürn ...

(1916–1970), German writer and artist. She wrote

anagram An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. For example, the word ''anagram'' itself can be rearranged into the phrase "nag a ram"; which ...

poetry, exhibited automatic drawing and collaborated with

Hans Bellmer Hans Bellmer (13 March 1902 – 24 February 1975) was a German artist, best known for his drawings, etchings that illustrates the 1940 edition of '' Histoire de l’œil'', and the life-sized female dolls he produced in the mid-1930s. Historians ...

as his photographic model. *

Others

Sheila Legge Sheila Legge (née Chetwynd Inglis; c. 1911 – 5 January 1949) was a Surrealist performance artist. Legge is best known for her 1936 Trafalgar Square performance for the opening of London International Surrealist Exhibition, posing in a costum ...

(1911–1949), surrealist performance artist, best known for her 1936

Trafalgar Square Trafalgar Square ( ) is a public square in the City of Westminster in Central London. It was established in the early-19th century around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. Its name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar, the Royal Navy, ...

performance for the opening of

London International Surrealist Exhibition The International Surrealist Exhibition was held from 11 June to 4 July 1936 at the New Burlington Galleries, near Savile Row in London's Mayfair, England. Organisers The exhibition was organised by committees from England, France, Belgium, Scan ...

, posing in an ensemble inspired by a Salvador Dalí painting, with her head completely obscured by a

flower arrangement Floral design or flower arrangement is the art of using plant material and flowers to create an eye-catching and balanced composition or display. Evidence of refined floral design is found as far back as the culture of ancient Egypt. Floral desi ...

. *

Mary Stanley Low Mary Stanley Low (14 May 1912 – 9 January 2007) was a British and Cuban political activist, Trotskyist, surrealist poet, artist and Latin teacher. She is most known for the book ''Red Spanish Notebook: the first six months of revolution and t ...

(1912–2007) - British-Cuban political activist, Trotskyist, surrealist poet, artist and teacher. *

Elsa Schiaparelli Elsa Schiaparelli ( , , ; 10 September 1890 – 13 November 1973) was an Italian fashion designer from an Italian nobility, aristocratic background. She created the Schiaparelli (fashion house), house of Schiaparelli in Paris in 1927, which she ...

(1890–1973), Italian fashion designer, a colleague of, friend of, and collaborator with

Salvador Dalí Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí of Púbol (11 May 190423 January 1989), known as Salvador Dalí ( ; ; ), was a Spanish Surrealism, surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, ...

and

, among others.
, ''Philadelphia Museum of Art, The Art and Fashion of Elsa Schiaparelli'', (2003)

Bibliography

* Allmer, Patricia (ed.) (2009) ''Angels of Anarchy: Women Artists and Surrealism'', London and Manchester: Prestel and Manchester Art Gallery. * Allmer, Patricia (ed.) (2016) ''Intersections: Women Artists/Surrealism/Modernism'', Manchester: Manchester University Press. * Allmer, Patricia (2016) ‘Revising the Canon: Feminist Interventions’, in ''Blackwell Companion to Dada and Surrealism'', ed. David Hopkins, London: Blackwell. * Rosemont, Penelope, edited and introduced. (1998) “Surrealist Women: An International Anthology”, Austin: University of Texas Press.

References

{{Surrealism History of art Surrealist artists