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Tondo is a district located in
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
,
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. It is the largest in terms of area and population of Manila's sixteen districts, with a Census-estimated 631,313 people in 2015 and consists of two congressional districts. It is also the second most densely populated district in the city.


Etymology

The name Tondo can be derived from its Old Tagalog name, Tundun as inscribed in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription of 900 AD, the earliest native document found within the Philippines. Dutch anthropologist
Antoon Postma Antoon Postma ( Hanunó'o: Buhid: ᝀᝈ᜔ᝆᝓᝈ᜔ ᝉᝓᝐ᜔ᝆ᜔ᝋ) (28 March 1929 – 22 October 2016) was a Dutch anthropologist who married into and lived among the Hanunuo, a Mangyan sub-tribe in southeastern Mindoro, Philippines. ...
, the first to translate the copperplate, believes the term ''tundun'' originated from the old Indian language
Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion ...
, which was used alongside Old Malay as a language of politics and religion in the area at the time. Before this landmark discovery, several theories (however incorrect now) existed. Philippine National Artist Nick Joaquin once suggested that it might be a reference to a high ground ("tundok"). On the other hand, French linguist Jean-Paul Potet, supposed that the river mangrove, which at the time was called "tundok" ("tinduk-tindukan" today), was the most likely origin of the name.


History


Early Philippine history

The region of Tondo has been settled by humans for over 1,100 years. Historically, Tondo already existed in the year 900 AD according to the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, a legal document that is the earliest document in the Philippines, written in Kawi now housed in the National Museum of Anthropology. According to this document, Tondo was ruled by an unnamed person who held the
Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion ...
title of senapati or the equivalent of an admiral. Tondo also had influence all the way to the modern-day province of
Bulacan Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan ( tl, Lalawigan ng Bulacan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Me ...
particularly around Lihan (
Malolos Malolos, officially the City of Malolos ( fil, Lungsod ng Malolos), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 261,189 people. It is the capital city ...
) and Gatbuca ( Calumpit). Tondo was ruled by a line of lakan until the Spanish conquest.


Colonial Period

After the Spaniards conquered Tondo in January 1571 they established the Province of Tondo which covered many territories in Northern Luzon particularly Pampanga, Bulacan and Rizal (formerly called Morong), with the city of Manila as its center. In a census conducted by Miguel de Loarca in 1583, Tondo was reported to have spoken the same language as the natives of the province of Pampanga.Miguel de Loarca's Census of 1583 Institute of National Language commissioner Jose Villa Panganiban also wrote that the dividing line between Kapampangan and Tagalog was the Pasig River, and that Tondo therefore originally spoke Kapampangan.Panganiban However, Fray Isacio Rodriquez's Historia dela Provincia del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus de Filipinas stated that Provincia de Tagalos which is Tondo covers all the territories of the future Archdiocese of Manila. Prior to the establishment of the Province of Bulacan in 1578
Malolos Malolos, officially the City of Malolos ( fil, Lungsod ng Malolos), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 261,189 people. It is the capital city ...
and Calumpit were also included in the territory of Tondo as its ''visitas''. In 1800, the Province of Tondo was renamed to Province of Manila. Tondo was one of the first provinces to declare rebellion against Spain in the year 1896. In 1911, under the American colonial regime, there was a major reorganization of political divisions, and the province of Tondo was dissolved, with its towns given to the provinces of Rizal and Bulacan. Today, Tondo just exists as a district in the City of Manila.


Contemporary period

Slums developed in Tondo along the Pasig River. Authorities sought to improve housing conditions on these areas without condoning the action of
squatting Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use. The United Nations estimated in 2003 that there ...
committed by the slums' residents. In the 1970s, the
World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Inte ...
provided funds to improve conditions in Tondo which led the increase of rent prices and a property boom in the area. These caused the poor to be marginalized. The slums that were upgraded were legalized but these areas remain vastly different from other parts of Manila with higher population density, more irregular road and plot patterns, and uncontrolled housing. In the 1987 constitution, Tondo split into two congressional districts of Manila making the first district to the west while the second district in the east. Paco also split by fifth and sixth congressional districts which the fifth in the south and sixth in the north.


Economy

Tondo hosts the Manila North Harbor Port, the northern half of the Port of Manila, the primary seaport serving Metro Manila and surrounding areas. The area also hosted
Smokey Mountain ''Smokey Mountain'' was the term coined for a large landfill once located in Tondo, Manila. History ''Smokey Mountain'' operated for more than 50 years, consisting of over two million metric tons of waste. The flammable substances on decompos ...
, a landfill which served Metro Manila and employed thousands of people from around 1960s until its closure in the late 1990s. The dumpsite served as a symbol of poverty even at least two decades since its closure.


Demographics

Urbanization as well as the Lina Law which favors squatters over land owners has resulted in Tondo being one of the most densely populated areas in the world at .


Crime

Tondo has developed a reputation for criminality and poverty. In 2010,
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
records state that Tondo has the highest criminal rate in the whole city with the most common crime being pick pocketing.


Culture

The district celebrates the feast of the Santo Niño de Tondo annually in January, which is dedicated to the image of the Santo Niño housed within the 16th century Augustinian Tondo Church. The Lakbayaw Street Dance Festival, a competition among Ati-Atihan groups and school, local and religious groups, served as the climax of the feast.


Education

The Manila office of the Department of Education lists 26 public elementary schools and 11 public high schools in Tondo.


List of Barangays


First District

Zone 1: Barangays 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 Zone 2: Barangays 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32 Zone 3: Barangays 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47 Zone 4: Barangays 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55 Zone 5: Barangays 56, 57, 58, 59, and 60 Zone 6: Barangays 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, and 75 Zone 7: Barangays 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and 90 Zone 8: Barangays 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106 Zone 9: Barangays 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, and 123 Zone 10: Barangays 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, and 129 Zone 11: Barangays 130, 131, 132, 133, and 134 Zone 12: Barangays 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, and 146


Second District

Zone 13: Barangays 147, 148, 149, 150, and 151 Zone 14: Barangays 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, and 165 Zone 15: Barangays 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, and 176 Zone 16: Barangays 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, and 186 Zone 17: Barangays 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, and 197 Zone 18: Barangays 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 202-A, 203, 204, and 205 Zone 19: Barangays 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, and 212 Zone 20: Barangays 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, and 220 Zone 21: Barangays 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, and 233 Zone 22: Barangays 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, and 248 Zone 23: Barangays 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, and 259 Zone 24: Barangays 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, and 267


Notable people

* Arturo Tolentino, Senator and lawyer *
Andrés Bonifacio Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (, ; November 30, 1863May 10, 1897) was a Filipino Freemason and revolutionary leader. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution", and considered one of the national heroes of the Philippines ...
(November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897), Filipino revolutionary leader *
Lakandula Lakandula ( Baybayin: , Spanish orthography: ''Lacandola'') was the title of the last '' lakan'' or paramount ruler of pre-colonial Tondo when the Spaniards first conquered the lands of the Pasig River delta in the Philippines in the 1570s. T ...
or Lakan Dula (1503–1575), the last ruler of
pre-colonial Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their relig ...
Tondo when the
Spaniards Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex history, including a number of different languages, both ...
first conquered the lands of the Pasig River delta in the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
in the 1570s *
Tito Arevalo Tito may refer to: People Mononyms *Josip Broz Tito (1892–1980), commonly known mononymously as Tito, Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman *Roberto Arias (1918–1989), aka Tito, Panamanian international lawyer, diplomat, and journal ...
, late actor *
Emilio Jacinto Emilio Jacinto y Dizon (; December 15, 1875 – April 16, 1899) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the highest-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of th ...
, Filipino general * Mila del Sol, late actress *
Esang de Torres Telesa Marie Castillejo de Torres (born February 12, 2007), better known as Esang De Torres, is a Filipina teen singer, songwriter and stage actress best known for portraying Lea Salonga's 'MiniMe' on ABS-CBN's '' It's Showtime'', and joining t ...
, singer, stage actress *
Mona Lisa The ''Mona Lisa'' ( ; it, Gioconda or ; french: Joconde ) is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as "the best kno ...
, actress * Chichay, comedian * Dely Atay-Atayan, comedian and singer *
Amado V. Hernandez Amado Vera Hernandez, commonly known as Amado V. Hernandez (September 13, 1903 – March 24, 1970), was a Filipino writer and labor leader who was known for his criticism of social injustices in the Philippines and was later imprisoned for ...
, labour leader, awarded order national artist of
the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
*
Charito Solis Rosario Violeta Solís Hernández, better known as Charito Solís (October 6, 1935 – January 9, 1998), was a FAMAS and Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipina film actress, in addition to being the first Philippine woman who have bared her chest in ...
, actress * José Palma, soldier, writer * Lualhati Bautista, novelist * Gina Alajar, actress and tv director *
Wendell Ramos Wendell Xavier Ramos (born August 18, 1978) is a Filipino actor and model who is currently under GMA Network after ABS-CBN and TV5. Biography and early career Ramos started his showbiz career in 1995 when he joined the cast of ''Bubble Gan ...
, actor and
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*
Florin Hilbay Florin "Pilo" Ternal Hilbay (born March 19, 1974) is a Filipino lawyer who served as the Solicitor General of the Philippines from 2014 to 2016, serving the Philippine agent in the international case, ''Philippines v. China'', which nullified all ...
, attorney *
Levi Celerio Levi Celerio (April 30, 1910 – April 2, 2002) was a Filipino composer and lyricist who is credited with writing over 4,000 songs. Celerio was recognized as a National Artist of the Philippines for Music and Literature in 1997. He is also know ...
, national artist of
the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
* Isko Moreno, actor and former mayor of Manila * Manny Villar, businessmen, chairman Vista Land, former president of the Senate of the Philippines * Ricky Belmonte (December 24, 1947 – October 3, 2001), actor and father of
Sheryl Cruz Sheryl Rose Anna Marie Sonora Cruz (born April 5, 1974), better known as Sheryl Cruz, is a Filipino actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Divina Ferrer in 2007's television drama series ''Sinasamba Kita'', as Valeria in ''Bakekang ...
. * Ramon Ang, businessman, vice-chairman of
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* Arnold Clavio, newscaster and journalist * Rene Requiestas (1957–1993), actor-comedian * Dolphy, actor-comedian *
Carlos Badion Carlos Velasco Badion (August 16, 1935 – June 20, 2002) was a Filipino basketball player. Although born in Lubao, Pampanga, he grew up in Tondo, Manila where he started his checkered career playing in sandlot tournaments and for Abad Santos ...
, basketball player * Ernest Obiena, pole vaulter *
RK Bagatsing Ramon Khino "RK" S. Bagatsing (born May 9, 1988) is a Filipino film and television actor. Bagatsing is most notable for the role of Arnaldo Ardiente Torillo in the ABS-CBN primetime series ''Wildflower''. Early life Bagatsing is the son of a ...
, actor-model *
Vice Ganda Jose Marie Borja Viceral (born March 31, 1976), popularly known as Vice Ganda (; ), is a Filipino comedian, talk show host, television presenter, actor, entrepreneur, and singer. He is a regular host on ABS-CBN's noontime variety show '' It's ...
, actor-comedian, Aldub vlogger and host * Raymond Bagatsing, dramatic actor and model * Jerald Napoles, actor *
Joyce Pring Princess Joyce Enaje Pring (born May 4, 1993) is a Filipina television personality and host. Born in Tondo, Manila, she began hosting as a video jockey after winning at Myx VJ Search in 2011. Pring became a Sparkle artist for her hosting in th ...
, actress *
Arnel Pineda Arnel Campaner Pineda (born September 5, 1967) is a Filipino singer and songwriter. He came to prominence in the Philippines during the 1980s and internationally in 2007 as the lead singer of the American rock band Journey. Early life Arne ...
, singer and the current vocalist of Journey * Regine Velasquez-Alcasid, singer and songwriter composer * Ramon Bagatsing, politician and the former mayor of Manila * Willie Ong, cardiologist * Geneva Cruz, actress, singer, and composer *
Joseph Estrada Joseph Ejercito Estrada, (; born Jose Marcelo Ejercito; April 19, 1937), also known by the nickname Erap, is a Filipino politician and former actor. He served as the 13th president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, the 9th vice presi ...
, former actor and President *
Valerie Concepcion Valerie Norona Galang-Sunga (born December 21, 1987) is a Filipino actress, television host, and endorser. She is known for her role as Nora Ferrer in the soap opera '' Sinasamba Kita'' but later transferred to its rival network ABS-CBN. She th ...
, actress and television host * Asiong Salonga, gangster also known as the "King of Tondo" * McCoy de Leon, actor and dancer


References


Further reading

*Gaspar de San Agustin, Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas 1565-1615, Translated by Luis Antonio Ma�eru, 1st bilingual ed panish and English published by Pedro Galende, OSA: Intramuros, Manila, 1998 *Henson, Mariano A. 1965. The Province of Pampanga and Its Towns: A.D. 1300-1965. 4th ed. revised. Angeles City: By the author. *Loarca, Miguel de. 1582. Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas. Blair and Robertson vol. 5 page 87: *Panganiban, J.V. 1972. Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles. Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Co. *Mallat, Jean, Les Philippines: Histoire, Geographie, Moeurs, Agriculture, Idustrie, Commerce des colonies Espagnoles dans l'Oc�anie, Paris: Arthus Bertrand, Libraire de la Soci�t� de G�ographie, 1846 *Santiago, Luciano P.R., The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and Soliman 571-1898 Genealogy and Group Identity, Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 18
990 Year 990 ( CMXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Al-Mansur, ''de facto'' ruler of Al-Andalus, conquers the Castle of Montemor-o-Velho (mode ...
*Scott, William Henry, Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994 *Scott, William Henry, Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History, Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1984


External links

*
After Fishing in Tondo, Manila
'' oil on canvas by Fernando Amorsolo, 1927. 58.4 x 96.5 cm. *
Casas de Pescadores en Tondo ("Fishermen's Houses, Tondo")
'' oil on canvas by
Fabian de la Rosa Fabian may refer to: People * Fabian (name), including a list of people with the given name or surname * Pope Fabian (died 250), Catholic saint * Fabian Forte (born 1943), 1950s American teen idol, singer and actor, known by the mononym Fabian ...
, 1928. 50 x 70 cm. * {{Coord, 14.617, N, 120.967, E, type:city_region:PH_source:GNS-enwiki, display=title Districts of Manila Squatting in the Philippines