Scratch is a
high-level, block-based
visual programming language and website aimed primarily at children as an educational tool, with a target audience of ages 8 to 16.
Users on the site can create projects on the website using a block-like interface. Scratch was conceived and designed through collaborative
National Science Foundation
The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) is an Independent agencies of the United States government#Examples of independent agencies, independent agency of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that su ...
grants awarded to
Mitchel Resnick and
Yasmin Kafai.
[ Scratch is developed by the ]MIT Media Lab
The MIT Media Lab is a research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, growing out of MIT's Architecture Machine Group in the MIT School of Architecture and Planning, School of Architecture. Its research does not restrict to fi ...
and has been translated into 70+ languages, being used in most parts of the world. Scratch is taught and used in after-school centers, schools, and colleges, as well as other public knowledge institutions. As of 15 February 2023, community statistics on the language's official website show more than 123 million projects shared by over 103 million users, and more than 95 million monthly website visits. Overall, more than 1.15 billion projects have been created in total, with the site reaching its one billionth project on April 12th, 2024.
Scratch takes its name from a technique used by disk jockeys called " scratching", where vinyl records are clipped together and manipulated on a turntable to produce different sound effects and music. Like scratching, the website lets users mix together different media (including graphics, sound, and other programs) in creative ways by creating and "remixing" projects, like video games
A video game or computer game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface or input device (such as a joystick, game controller, controller, computer keyboard, keyboard, or motion sensing device) to generate visual fe ...
, animations, music
Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of Musical form, form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise Musical expression, expressive content. Music is generally agreed to be a cultural universal that is present in all hum ...
, and simulations.
Scratch 3.0
User interface
The Scratch interface is divided into three main sections: a ''stage area'', ''block palette'', and a coding area to place and arrange the blocks into scripts that can be run by pressing the green flag or clicking on the code itself. Users may also create their own code blocks, which will appear in the "My Blocks" section.
The ''stage area'' features the results (e.g., animation
Animation is a filmmaking technique whereby still images are manipulated to create moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Animati ...
s, turtle graphics, either in a small or normal size, with a full-screen option also available) and all sprites' thumbnails being listed in the bottom area. The stage uses x and y coordinates
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the Position (geometry), position of the Point (geometry), points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as ...
, with 0,0 being the stage center.[
With a sprite selected at the bottom of the staging area, blocks of code can be applied by dragging them from the block palette into the coding area. The Costumes tab allows users to change the look of the sprite with a ]vector
Vector most often refers to:
* Euclidean vector, a quantity with a magnitude and a direction
* Disease vector, an agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism
Vector may also refer to:
Mathematics a ...
and bitmap
In computing, a bitmap (also called raster) graphic is an image formed from rows of different colored pixels. A GIF is an example of a graphics image file that uses a bitmap.
As a noun, the term "bitmap" is very often used to refer to a partic ...
editor in order to create various effects, including animation.[ The Sounds tab allows attaching sounds and music to a sprite.][
When creating sprites and also backgrounds, users can draw their own sprites manually,][ choose a sprite from the library, or upload an image.]
The table below shows the categories of the programming blocks:
Offline editing
An offline "Desktop Editor" for Scratch 3.0 is available for Microsoft Windows 10
Windows 10 is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. The successor to Windows 8.1, it was Software release cycle#Release to manufacturing (RTM), released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and later to retail on July 2 ...
and above in the Microsoft Store, Apple's macOS, ChromeOS, and Android; this allows the creation and playing of Scratch programs offline. The offline editor can also be downloaded in previous versions, such as Scratch 2.0 and Scratch 1.4 (an archive of older versions is foun
here
.
Extensions
In Scratch, extensions add extra blocks and features that can be used in projects. In Scratch 2.0, the extensions were all hardware-based and Pen was a normal category. Software-based extensions were added in Scratch 3.0, such as text-to-speech voices, along with some new hardware-based extensions like the micro:bit. The extensions are listed below.
Physical
* LEGO Mindstorms EV3 – Control motors and receive sensor data from the Lego Mindstorms EV3
* Makey Makey – Use Makey Makey to control projects
* LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 – control motors and receive sensor data from the Lego WeDo
* micro:bit – Use of a micro:bit to control projects
* LEGO BOOST – Bring robotic creations to life
* Go Direct Force & Acceleration – Sense pull, push, motion, and spin
Digital
Many of the digital extensions in Scratch 3.0 used to be regular block categories that were moved to the extensions section to reduce clutter. These include:
* Music – Play digital instruments (drums, trumpets, violins, pianos, and more). Previously part of the Sound category.
* Pen – Draw on the Stage with a variety of thicknesses and color. Previously a normal block category.
* Video Sensing – Detect motion with the camera. Previously in the Sensing category.
New digital extensions have also been added in collaborations with commercial companies. These include:
* Text to Speech – Converts words in a text into voice output, especially having an option for languages (variety of voices, supplied by Amazon)
* Translate – Uses Google Translate
Google Translate is a multilingualism, multilingual neural machine translation, neural machine translation service developed by Google to translation, translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a web applic ...
to translate text from one language into a variety of other languages, including Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, Greek, Norwegian, and Japanese
* Makey Makey – Options for better key pressing and press multiple keys in order. You can grab a join block if you want more control on the extension.
A paper published in 2019 by NYU argues and illustrates, for coding music with Scratch, "that the music and sound blocks as currently implemented in Scratch may limit and frustrate meaningful music-making for children, the core user base for Scratch."
Scratch Lab
The Scratch Lab displays experiments from the Scratch Team, intended to explore whether new features may be added to the full website in the future. Experimental features currently under development include:
* Video Sprites – Fill sprites with live video.
* Face Sensing – Make animated costumes and games that interact with your face.
* Animated Text – Bring words to life with colors, fonts, and animations.
Community of users
Scratch is used in many different settings: schools, museum
A museum is an institution dedicated to displaying or Preservation (library and archive), preserving culturally or scientifically significant objects. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects on public display, and some have private colle ...
s, libraries
A library is a collection of Book, books, and possibly other Document, materials and Media (communication), media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or electron ...
, community centers, and homes. Scratch is designed primarily for users aged 8–16, but it is used by all ages and has a sizeable adult user base as of 2009. This wide outreach has created many surrounding communities, both physical and digital.[ In April 2020, the Tiobe ranking of the world's programming languages included Scratch in the top 20. According to Tiobe, there are 50 million projects written in Scratch, and every month one million new projects are added.
]
Educational users
Scratch is used as the introductory language because the creation of interesting programs is relatively easy, and skills learned can be applied to other programming languages such as Python and Java
Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
.
Scratch is not exclusively for creating games. With the provided visuals, programmers can create animations, text, stories, music, art, and more. There are already many programs that students can use to learn topics in math, history, and even photography. Scratch allows teachers to create conceptual and visual lessons and science lab assignments with animations that help visualize difficult concepts. Within the social sciences, instructors can create quizzes, games, and tutorials with interactive elements. Using Scratch allows young people to understand the logic of programming and how to creatively build and collaborate.
Scratch is taught to more than 800 schools and 70 colleges of the DAV organization in India and across the world.
In higher education, Scratch is used in the first week of Harvard University's CS50 introductory computer science course.
Online community
Users of Scratch are called "Scratchers". Scratchers have the capability to share their projects and receive feedback. Projects can be uploaded directly from the development environment to the Scratch website and any member of the community can view and download the full source code to study or to remix into new projects. Scratchers can also create project studios, comment, favorite, and "love" others' projects, follow other members to see their projects and activity, and share ideas. Projects range from games and animations to practical tools. Additionally, to encourage the creation and sharing amongst users, the website frequently establishes "Scratch Design Studio" challenges.
The MIT Scratch Team works to ensure that this community maintains a friendly and respectful environment for all people.
Educators have their own online community called ScratchEd, developed and supported by the Harvard Graduate School of Education. In this community, Scratch educators share stories, exchange resources, and ask questions.
Scratch Studios
Scratchers can upload their projects to studios where other Scratchers can upload their project for others to see and for other Scratchers to view, comment and remix their project. A studio usually consists of different projects made by Scratchers. Some Scratch studios are created by Scratchers to put all their projects into one library.
Scratch Wiki
The Scratch Wiki is a support resource for Scratch and information about its website, history, and phenomena surrounding it. Although supported by the Scratch Team (the developers of Scratch), it is primarily written by Scratch users (Scratchers) and is hosted independently of the main Scratch website. There are other wikis in languages besides English available on the Scratch Wik
base domain
Roles
Roles are displayed as a label under a user's username on profile pages and on forum posts. To prevent vandalism
Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.
The term includes property damage, such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner. The t ...
, new accounts have the "New Scratcher" role, as opposed by the usual "Scratcher" role. Some restrictions are imposed onto New Scratcher accounts, including the inability to use cloud data and a minimum 30 second cooldown period between posting comments. After a period of time of interacting and creating projects, an account will be eligible to gain the Scratcher role.
Official moderators and developers of Scratch are labeled as part of the "Scratch Team" and usually have an asterisk at the end of their username. The site also has special types of accounts for Students and Educators to use Scratch in the classroom.
Censorship
In August 2020, GreatFire announced that the Chinese government had blocked access to the Scratch website. At the time, it was estimated that more than three million people in China were using it. The outlet cited the fact that Macau
Macau or Macao is a special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). With a population of about people and a land area of , it is the most List of countries and dependencies by p ...
, Hong Kong
Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...
and Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
were listed as countries on the website.[
]
Code base
The source code
In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is a plain text computer program written in a programming language. A programmer writes the human readable source code to control the behavior of a computer.
Since a computer, at base, only ...
for the project editor in all three major versions, as well as a majority of the current website, is hosted publicly on GitHub
GitHub () is a Proprietary software, proprietary developer platform that allows developers to create, store, manage, and share their code. It uses Git to provide distributed version control and GitHub itself provides access control, bug trackin ...
across various repositories. Scratch 3.0 is JavaScript
JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. Ninety-nine percent of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior.
Web browsers have ...
-based, 2.0 is programmed in ActionScript
ActionScript is an object-oriented programming language originally developed by Macromedia Inc. (later acquired by Adobe). It is influenced by HyperTalk, the scripting language for HyperCard. It is now an implementation of ECMAScript (mean ...
,[ and the 1.x versions were based on Squeak, which itself is based on ]Smalltalk
Smalltalk is a purely object oriented programming language (OOP) that was originally created in the 1970s for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, but later found use in business. It was created at Xerox PARC by Learni ...
-80.[
2.0 had an experimental JavaScript-based interpreter that was being developed in parallel with the ActionScript version.
In 3.0, Scratch blocks are implemented using Blockly, a JavaScript library developed by Google for creating block-based visual programming languages.
On 13 May 2014, a year after the release of Scratch 2.0, it was announced by a developer on the Scratch Forums that 2.0 would become open source.
]
Events
Scratch Educators can gather in person at Scratch Educator Meetups. At these gatherings, Scratch Educators learn from each other and share ideas and strategies that support computational creativity.
An annual "Scratch Week", formerly known as "Scratch Day", is declared in May each year. Community members are encouraged to host an event on or around this day, large or small, that celebrates Scratch. These events are held worldwide, and a listing can be found on the Scratch Day website. Scratch Week is a series focusing on Scratch activities on the Scratch website.
Every April Fools' Day
April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day (rarely called All Fools' Day) is an annual custom on the 1st of April consisting of practical jokes, hoaxes, and pranks. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting "April Fool " at the recipient. ...
, the Scratch Team will play pranks on users and add Easter eggs, one example being that all event blocks in projects turn into cat versions of the same blocks.
History
In the early 2000s, the MIT Media Lab
The MIT Media Lab is a research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, growing out of MIT's Architecture Machine Group in the MIT School of Architecture and Planning, School of Architecture. Its research does not restrict to fi ...
's ''Lifelong Kindergarten'' group (LLK) was developing visual programming languages targeted towards children. In 2003, Mitchel Resnick, Yasmin Kafai, and John Maeda were awarded a National Science Foundation
The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) is an Independent agencies of the United States government#Examples of independent agencies, independent agency of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that su ...
grant for the development of a new programming environment for children to express themselves with code. The LLK, led by Mitchel Resnick, in partnership with Yasmin Kafai's team at UCLA
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Its academic roots were established in 1881 as a normal school then known as the southern branch of the C ...
worked closely with Computer Clubhouses in Boston and Los Angeles to develop Scratch, grounding its design in the practices and social dynamics of these after-school youth centers.[ It started as a basic programming language, with no labeled categories and no green flag.] Similar to AgentSheets Scratch employed concepts of Tactile Programming later known as blocks-based programming. Scratch was made with the intention to teach kids to program.[
The philosophy of Scratch encourages the sharing, reuse, and combination of code, as indicated by the team slogan, "Imagine, Program, Share". Users can make their own projects, or they may choose to "]remix
A remix, also sometimes called reorchestration or rework, is a piece of media which has been altered or contorted from its original state by adding, removing, or changing pieces of the item. A song, piece of artwork, book, poem, or photograph ca ...
" someone else's project. Projects created and remixed with Scratch are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License. Scratch automatically gives credit to the user who created the original project and program in the top part of the project page.[
Scratch was developed based on ongoing interaction with youth and staff at Computer Clubhouses. The use of Scratch at Computer Clubhouses served as a model for other after-school centers demonstrating how informal learning settings can support the development of technological fluency.
Scratch 2.0 was released on 9 May 2013.] The update changed the look of the site and included both an online project editor and an offline editor. Custom blocks could now be defined within projects, along with several other improvements. The Scratch 2.0 Offline editor could be downloaded for Windows, Mac, and Linux directly from Scratch's website, although support for Linux was later dropped. The unofficial mobile version had to be downloaded from the Scratch forums.
Scratch 3.0 was first announced by the Scratch Team in 2016. Several public alpha versions were released between then and January 2018, after which the pre-beta "Preview" versions were released. A beta version of Scratch 3.0 was released on 1 August 2018. for use on most browsers; with the notable exception of Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet Explorer, commonly abbreviated as IE or MSIE) is a deprecation, retired series of graphical user interface, graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft that were u ...
.
Scratch 3.0, the first 3.x release version, was released on 2 January 2019.
On 28 June 2023, the header and links on the Scratch Website changed from blue to purple, and new optional high-contrast block colors were introduced, to make the site easier for colorblind people to read and use.
In 2013, the Scratch Foundation (formerly the Code-To-Learn Foundation) was founded, and on March 11, 2019, the Scratch Team separated from the MIT Media Lab
The MIT Media Lab is a research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, growing out of MIT's Architecture Machine Group in the MIT School of Architecture and Planning, School of Architecture. Its research does not restrict to fi ...
and moved to the Scratch Foundation. The MIT Media Lab continues to collaborate closely with the Scratch Foundation.
Filetypes
In Scratch 1.4, an * file was the file format used to store projects.
An * file is divided into four sections:
* "header", this 10-byte header contains the ASCII string "ScratchV02" in versions higher than Scratch 1.2, and "ScratchV01" in Scratch 1.2 and below
* "infoSize", encodes the length of the project's infoObjects. A 4-byte long, 32-bit, big-Endian
'' Jonathan_Swift.html" ;"title="Gulliver's Travels'' by Jonathan Swift">Gulliver's Travels'' by Jonathan Swift, the novel from which the term was coined
In computing, endianness is the order in which bytes within a word (data type), word of d ...
integer.
* "infoObjects", a dictionary-format data section. It contains: "thumbnail", a thumbnail of the project's stage; "author", the username of the project's creator; "comment", the Project Notes; "history", the save and upload log; "scratch-version", the version of Scratch used to save the file;
* "contents", an object table with the Stage as the root. All objects in the program are stored here as references.
Scratch 2.0 uses the * file format. These are essentially zip files
ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless compression, lossless data compression. A ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed. The ZIP file format permits a number of Data compression, compr ...
containing a .json file as well as the contents of the Scratch project including sounds (stored as ) and images (stored as ). Each filetype, excluding the , is stored as a number, starting at 0 and counting up with each additional file. The image file labeled "" is always a 480x360 white image, but "" will still be the earliest non-deleted file.
The ScratchX experimental version of Scratch used the file format.
Scratch 3.0 uses the * format.
Older versions
Although the main Scratch website now runs only the current version (Scratch 3.0), the offline editors for Scratch 2.0 (and the earlier Scratch 1.4) are still available for download and can be used to create and run games locally. It is still possible to upload projects from the Scratch 2.0 launcher, which are immediately converted into Scratch 3.0 when uploaded to the main site. There is also an offline version of Scratch 3.0.
Technology
The editor of Scratch 1.4 and below was written in Squeak
Squeak is an object-oriented, class-based, and reflective programming language. It was derived from Smalltalk-80 by a group that included some of Smalltalk-80's original developers, initially at Apple Computer, then at Walt Disney Imaginee ...
, while its online project viewer was written in Java
Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
, and a player written in Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinuedAlthough it is discontinued by Adobe Inc., for the Chinese market it is developed by Zhongcheng and for the international enterprise market it is developed by Ha ...
was later added. Scratch 2.0 relied on Adobe Flash for the online version, and Adobe AIR for the offline editor. These have fallen out of favor, and Adobe dropped support for them at the end of 2020.
Scratch 2.0 changed how sounds were imported, so many Scratch 1.4 sounds stopped working. (The project file was changed from * to *).
Interface
In Scratch 2.0, the stage area is on the left side, with the programming blocks palette in the middle, and the coding area on the right. Extensions are in the "More Blocks" section of the palette.[
The web version of Scratch 2.0 introduced project autosaving.]
The blocks palette in Scratch 2.0 is made of discrete sections that are not scrollable from one to the next; the table below shows the different sections:
Scratch 2.0 introduced the backpack, which can be used to transfer scripts, sprites, costumes, and sounds between projects.[
]
Features
Scratch uses event-driven programming
In computer programming, event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the Control flow, flow of the program is determined by external Event (computing), events. User interface, UI events from computer mouse, mice, computer keyboard, ...
with multiple active objects called '' sprites''.[ Sprites can be drawn, as ]vector
Vector most often refers to:
* Euclidean vector, a quantity with a magnitude and a direction
* Disease vector, an agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism
Vector may also refer to:
Mathematics a ...
or bitmap
In computing, a bitmap (also called raster) graphic is an image formed from rows of different colored pixels. A GIF is an example of a graphics image file that uses a bitmap.
As a noun, the term "bitmap" is very often used to refer to a partic ...
graphics, from scratch in a simple editor that is part of Scratch, or can be imported from external sources. Scratch 3.0 only supports one-dimensional arrays
An array is a systematic arrangement of similar objects, usually in rows and columns.
Things called an array include:
{{TOC right
Music
* In twelve-tone and serial composition, the presentation of simultaneous twelve-tone sets such that the ...
, known as "lists", and floating-point scalars
Scalar may refer to:
*Scalar (mathematics), an element of a field, which is used to define a vector space, usually the field of real numbers
*Scalar (physics), a physical quantity that can be described by a single element of a number field such a ...
and strings are supported but with limited string manipulation ability. There is a strong contrast between the powerful multimedia functions and multi-threaded programming style and the rather limited scope of the Scratch programming language.
Scratch 2.0 features
Scratch 2.0 does not treat procedures as first class structures and has limited file I/O options with Scratch 2.0 Extension Protocol, an experimental extension feature that allows interaction between Scratch 2.0 and other programs. The Extension protocol allows interfacing with hardware boards such as Lego Mindstorms or Arduino
Arduino () is an Italian open-source hardware and open-source software, software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its hardwar ...
. Scratch 2.0 also has the following features:
* Smart block switching
* Two-column category menu
* Reverse order of project controls
* Display stage on left side
* Square block inputs
* Compact editor
* Collapsing sprite properties
* Scratch 2.0 themes
Snap''!'' (Build Your Own Blocks)
A more advanced visual programming language inspired by Scratch is Snap''!'', featuring first class procedures (their mathematical foundations are also called ''lambda calculus
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as ''λ''-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computability, computation based on function Abstraction (computer science), abstraction and function application, application using var ...
''), first-class lists (including lists of lists), and first-class truly object-oriented sprites with prototyping inheritance, and nestable sprites, which are not part of Scratch. Snap''!'' (previously "BYOB") was developed by Jens Mönig with documentation provided by Brian Harvey
Brian Lee Harvey (born 8 August 1974) is an English singer from London. He was the lead singer of pop group East 17. The later incarnation of the band, E-17, had two top 20 singles on the UK Singles Chart between 1998 and 1999, with the album ...
from University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California), is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Berkeley, California, United States. Founded in 1868 and named after t ...
and has been used to teach "The Beauty and Joy of Computing" introductory course in CS for non-CS-major students. Both of them were members of the Scratch Team before designing "Snap''!''".[
]
ScratchJr
In July 2014, ScratchJr was released for iPad
The iPad is a brand of tablet computers developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple that run the company's mobile operating systems iOS and later iPadOS. The IPad (1st generation), first-generation iPad was introduced on January 27, 2010. ...
, and in 2016, ScratchJr for Android. Although heavily inspired by Scratch and co-led by Mitch Resnick, it is nonetheless a complete rewrite designed for younger children—targeting ages 5 through 7.
Community-made modifications
Due to the open source nature of Scratch, numerous forks
In cutlery or kitchenware, a fork (from 'pitchfork') is a Eating utensil, utensil, now usually made of metal, whose long handle terminates in a head that branches into several narrow and often slightly curved tine (structural), tines with whic ...
and browser extension
A browser extension is a software module for customizing a web browser. Browsers typically allow users to install a variety of extensions, including user interface modifications, cookie management, ad blocking, and the custom scripting and st ...
s have been created by the community that aim to improve or modify the user experience. ScratchTools and Scratch Addons are some examples of open-sourced browser extensions that add many upgrades and new features to the Scratch website and editor.
TurboWarp is a fork of the Scratch 3.0 editor that compiles Scratch into JavaScript
JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. Ninety-nine percent of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior.
Web browsers have ...
code when a project is run, resulting in projects' general preformances boosting significantly. In addition, there are many technical settings and the same addons that Scratch Addons provides. TurboWarp can also export projects to standalone HTML5
HTML5 (Hypertext Markup Language 5) is a markup language used for structuring and presenting hypertext documents on the World Wide Web. It was the fifth and final major HTML version that is now a retired World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommend ...
, Bundle (macOS) and EXE
Exe or EXE may refer to:
* .exe, a file extension
* exe., abbreviation for Executive (disambiguation)#Role, title, or function, executive
Places
* River Exe, in England
* Exe Estuary, in England
* Exe Island, in Exeter, England
Transportation a ...
files.
Users can also create their own extensions for Scratch 3.0 using JavaScript. Although the intention for Scratch 3.0 was to allow unofficial JavaScript extensions to be developed by users, it was abandoned due to moderation risks. As a result, the official site doesn't allow JavaScript extensions to be added, but several modifications of Scratch do.
Before 2.0, a number of Scratch forks were created using the source code of Scratch 1.4. These programs usually only included a few extra blocks not present in Scratch.
See also
* Blockly, an interface used by Scratch to make the code blocks.
* Snap! (programming language)
Snap''!'' (formerly Build Your Own Blocks) is a free block-based List of educational programming languages, educational graphical programming language and online community. Snap allows students to explore, create, and remix interactive animatio ...
* Swift Playgrounds
* Alice (software)
* Twine (software)
* Lego Mindstorms EV3
* Kodu Game Lab
* Code.org
* Programmable Cricket
* PWCT
* Visual programming language
* Pencil Code (programming language)
References
External links
*
Scratch Lab
{{Authority control
Dynamically typed programming languages
Visual programming languages
Educational programming languages
Free educational software
MIT Media Lab
Pedagogic integrated development environments
Smalltalk programming language family
Video game development software
Video game engines
Video game IDE
Software developer communities
Programming languages created in 2003
Computer file formats
Filename extensions
Creative Commons-licensed websites