Salerno (, , ; nap, label=
Salernitano, Saliernë, ) is an ancient city and ''
comune
The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
'' in
Campania
(man), it, Campana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 =
, demog ...
(southwestern Italy) and is the capital of the
namesake province, being the second largest city in the region by number of inhabitants, after
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...
. It is located on the
Gulf of Salerno
The Gulf of Salerno (Italian: ''Golfo di Salerno'') is a gulf of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the coast of the province of Salerno in south-western Italy.
The northern part of this coast is the Costiera Amalfitana, which ends at Punta di Campanella and ...
on the
Tyrrhenian Sea. In recent history the city hosted
Victor Emmanuel III, the
King of Italy
King of Italy ( it, links=no, Re d'Italia; la, links=no, Rex Italiae) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first to take the title was Odoacer, a barbarian military leader ...
, who moved from Rome in 1943 after Italy
negotiated a peace with the Allies in
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
, making Salerno the capital of the "Government of the South" (''Regno del Sud'') and therefore provisional government seat for six months. Some of the
Allied landings during
Operation Avalanche (the invasion of Italy) occurred near Salerno.
Human settlement at Salerno has a rich and vibrant past, dating back to pre-historic times. In the
early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...
it was an independent Lombard principality, the
Principality of Salerno
The Principality of Salerno ( la, Principatus Salerni) was a medieval Southern Italian state, formed in 851 out of the Principality of Benevento after a decade-long civil war. It was centred on the port city of Salerno. Although it owed al ...
, which around the 11th century comprised most of Southern Italy. During this time, the
Schola Medica Salernitana, the first medical school in the world, was founded. The Normans in 1077 made Salerno the capital of their rule in all continental southern Italy. In the 16th century, under the
Sanseverino family, among the most powerful feudal lords in southern Italy, the city became a great centre of learning, culture and the arts, and the family hired several of the greatest intellectuals of the time.
Later, in 1694, the city was struck by several catastrophic earthquakes and plagues.
During a period of Spanish rule the city suffered a crisis which would last until the 18th century, but under
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
Salerno became part of the
Parthenopean Republic.
In the 19th century Salerno supported ideas of the
Risorgimento and welcomed
Garibaldi
Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( , ;In his native Ligurian language, he is known as ''Gioxeppe Gaibado''. In his particular Niçard dialect of Ligurian, he was known as ''Jousé'' or ''Josep''. 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, pat ...
in 1861.
The city is divided into three distinct zones: the medieval sector, the 19th century sector and the more densely populated post-war area, with its several apartment blocks.
A
patron saint
A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Anglicanism, or Eastern Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or perso ...
of Salerno is
Saint Matthew, the
Apostle, whose
relics
In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tangi ...
are kept here at the
crypt of
Salerno Cathedral.
History
Prehistory and antiquity
The area of what is now Salerno has been continuously settled since
pre-historical times, as the discoveries of Neolithic mummy remains documents. Inhabited by
Oscan-speaking populations, the region was colonized by the
Etruscans
The Etruscan civilization () was developed by a people of Etruria in ancient Italy with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. After conquering adjacent lands, its territory covered, at its greatest extent, roug ...
, who founded the city of ''Irnthi'' in the 6th century BC, across the Irno river, in what is today city quarter of Fratte, as a part of their
''Dodecapolis'' political model they essentially replicated in
Campania
(man), it, Campana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 =
, demog ...
. This settlement represented an important base for Etruscan trade with the nearby Greek colonies of
Posidonia and
Elea. It was occupied by the
Samnites around the 5th century BC as a consequence of the
Battle of Cumae (474 BC) as part of the
Syracusan
Syracuse ( ; it, Siracusa ; scn, Sarausa ), ; grc-att, Συράκουσαι, Syrákousai, ; grc-dor, Συράκοσαι, Syrā́kosai, ; grc-x-medieval, Συρακοῦσαι, Syrakoûsai, ; el, label=Modern Greek, Συρακούσε� ...
sphere of influence.
With the
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...
advance in Campania, Irna began to lose its importance, being supplanted by the new Roman colony (197 BC) of ''Salernum'', developing around an initial ''
castrum''. The new city, which gradually lost its military function in favour of its role as a trade centre, was connected to Rome by the
Via Popilia, which ran towards
Lucania and
Reggio Calabria.
Archaeological remains, although fragmentary, suggest the idea of a flourishing and lively city. Under the Emperor
Diocletian
Diocletian (; la, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, grc, Διοκλητιανός, Diokletianós; c. 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed ''Iovius'', was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305. He was born Gaius Valerius Diocles ...
, in the late 3rd century AD, Salernum became the administrative centre of the "Lucania and Bruttii" province.
In the following century, during the
Gothic Wars, the Goths were defeated by the
Byzantines, and the Salerno briefly returned to the control of Constantinople (from 553 to 568), before the
Lombards
The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774.
The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 an ...
invaded almost the whole peninsula. Like many coastal cities of southern Italy (
Gaeta,
Sorrento
Sorrento (, ; nap, Surriento ; la, Surrentum) is a town overlooking the Bay of Naples in Southern Italy. A popular tourist destination, Sorrento is located on the Sorrentine Peninsula at the south-eastern terminus of the Circumvesuviana rail ...
,
Amalfi
Amalfi (, , ) is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno. It lies at the mouth of a deep ravine, at the foot of Monte Cerreto (1,315 metres, 4,314 feet), surrounded by dramati ...
), Salerno initially remained untouched by the newcomers, falling only in 646. It subsequently became part of the
Duchy of Benevento.
Middle Ages to early modern age
Under the Lombard dukes Salerno enjoyed the most splendid period of its history.
In 774
Arechis II of Benevento transferred the seat of the Duchy of Benevento to Salerno, in order to elude
Charlemagne
Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first E ...
's offensive and to secure for himself the control of a strategic area, the centre of coastal and internal communications in Campania.
With Arechis II, Salerno became a centre of studies with its famous
Medical School
A medical school is a tertiary educational institution, or part of such an institution, that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians. Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, ...
. The Lombard prince ordered the city to be fortified; the Castle on the Bonadies mountain had already been built with walls and towers. In 839 Salerno declared independence from Benevento, becoming the capital of a flourishing principality stretching out to
Capua, northern
Calabria and
Apulia
it, Pugliese
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 =
, demographic ...
up to
Taranto
Taranto (, also ; ; nap, label=Tarantino, Tarde; Latin: Tarentum; Old Italian: ''Tarento''; Ancient Greek: Τάρᾱς) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto, serving as an important comme ...
. In 871–872, the
Aghlabids
The Aghlabids ( ar, الأغالبة) were an Arab dynasty of emirs from the Najdi tribe of Banu Tamim, who ruled Ifriqiya and parts of Southern Italy, Sicily, and possibly Sardinia, nominally on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph, for about a ...
besieged Salerno, but the city was relieved by
Louis II of Italy.
Around the year 1000 prince
Guaimar IV annexed
Amalfi
Amalfi (, , ) is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno. It lies at the mouth of a deep ravine, at the foot of Monte Cerreto (1,315 metres, 4,314 feet), surrounded by dramati ...
,
Sorrento
Sorrento (, ; nap, Surriento ; la, Surrentum) is a town overlooking the Bay of Naples in Southern Italy. A popular tourist destination, Sorrento is located on the Sorrentine Peninsula at the south-eastern terminus of the Circumvesuviana rail ...
,
Gaeta and the whole duchy of Apulia and Calabria, starting to conceive a future unification of the whole southern Italy under Salerno's arms. The coins minted in the city circulated all over the Mediterranean, with the ''Opulenta Salernum'' wording to certify its richness.
However, the stability of the Principate was continually shaken by the
Saracen
upright 1.5, Late 15th-century German woodcut depicting Saracens
Saracen ( ) was a term used in the early centuries, both in Greek and Latin writings, to refer to the people who lived in and near what was designated by the Romans as Arabia ...
attacks and, most of all, by internal struggles. In 1056, one of the numerous plots led to the fall of Guaimar. His weaker son
Gisulf II succeeded him, but the decline of the principality had begun. In 1077 Salerno reached its zenith but soon lost all its territory to the Normans.
On 13 December 1076, the Norman conqueror
Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard (; Modern ; – 17 July 1085) was a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, went on to become count and then duke of Apulia and Calab ...
, who had married Guaimar IV's daughter
Sikelgaita Sikelgaita (also ''Sichelgaita'' or ''Sigelgaita'') (1040 – 16 April 1090) was a Lombard princess, the daughter of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno and second wife of Duke Robert Guiscard of Apulia. She commanded troops in her own right.
Life
S ...
, besieged Salerno and defeated his brother-in-law Gisulf. In this period the royal palace of Castel Terracena and the
cathedral
A cathedral is a church that contains the ''cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denominations ...
were built, and science was boosted as the
Schola Medica Salernitana, considered the most ancient medical institution of the European West, reached its maximum splendour. At this time in the late 11th century, the city was home to 50,000 people.
In 1100, Salerno was made the capital of Norman southern Italy, after
Melfi.
Salerno was the most important city of the Normans for half a century, but with the
Norman conquest of southern Italy, the city of Palermo started to substitute Salerno as the most important city for the Normans. Indeed, Salerno played a little part in the fall of the
County of Sicily, after the
Emperor Henry VI's invasion on behalf of his wife,
Constance, the heiress to the kingdom, in 1191, Salerno surrendered and promised loyalty on the mere news of an incoming army.
This so disgusted the archbishop,
Nicolò d'Aiello (from Naples), that he abandoned the city and fled to
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...
, which held out in a siege. In 1194, the situation reversed itself: Naples capitulated, along with most other cities of the Mezzogiorno, and only Salerno resisted. It was sacked and pillaged, much reducing its importance and prosperity.
Henry had his reasons, though. He had entrusted Constance to some important Salerno citizens (advised & "ruled" by the archbishop d'Aiello) and after his retreat from invasion in 1191 they had received letters about the events from Nicolò D'Aiello and so betrayed Henry, attacked Constance at Castel Terracena and handed her over to King
Tancred of Sicily, making the Empress captive for nearly one year. The combined treachery and stubbornness of D'Aiello and his followers cost Salerno much after the
Hohenstaufen
The Hohenstaufen dynasty (, , ), also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254. The dynas ...
conquest: Henry's son,
Frederick II, moreover, issued a series of edicts that reduced Salerno's role in favour of Naples (in particular, the foundation of the
University of Naples in that city).
From the 14th century onwards, most of the Salerno province became the territory of the Princes of
Sanseverino, powerful feudal lords who acted as real owners of the region. They accumulated enormous political and administrative power and attracted artists and men of letters in their own princely palace. In the 15th century, the city was the scene of battles between the
Angevin and the
Aragonese royal houses with whom the local lords took sides alternatingly.
In the first decades of the 16th century, the last descendant of the Sanseverino princes,
Ferdinando Sanseverino, was in conflict with the viceroy of the king of
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, ...
, mainly because of his opposition to the
Inquisition
The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, conducting trials of suspected heretics. Studies of the records have found that the overwhelming majority of sentences consisted of penances, ...
, causing the ruin of the whole family and the beginning of a long period of decadence for the city.
A slow renewal of the city occurred in the 18th century with the end of the Spanish dominion and the construction of many refined houses and churches characterising the main streets of the historical centre. In 1799 Salerno was incorporated into the
Parthenopean Republic. During the
Napoleonic era, first
Joseph Bonaparte
it, Giuseppe-Napoleone Buonaparte es, José Napoleón Bonaparte
, house = Bonaparte
, father = Carlo Buonaparte
, mother = Letizia Ramolino
, birth_date = 7 January 1768
, birth_place = Corte, Corsica, Republic ...
and then
Joachim Murat ascended the Neapolitan throne. The latter decreed the closing of the Schola Medica Salernitana, which had been declining for decades to the level of a theoretical school. In the same period, even the religious orders were suppressed and numerous ecclesiastical properties were confiscated.
The city expanded beyond the ancient walls and sea connections were potentiated as they represented an important road network that crossed the town connecting the eastern plain with the area leading to Vietri and
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...
.
Late modern and contemporary
Salerno was an active center of
Carbonari activities supporting the unification of Italy in the 19th century. The majority of the population of Salerno supported ideas of the
Risorgimento, and in 1861 many of them joined
Garibaldi
Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( , ;In his native Ligurian language, he is known as ''Gioxeppe Gaibado''. In his particular Niçard dialect of Ligurian, he was known as ''Jousé'' or ''Josep''. 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, pat ...
in his struggle for unification.
After the
unification of Italy, a slow urban development continued, many suburban areas were enlarged and large public and private buildings were created. The city went on developing until
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
. Its population rose from 20,000 people around 1861s unification to 80,000 in the early 20th century.
During the 19th century, foreign industries started settling in Salerno: in 1830 the first textile mill was established by the Swiss entrepreneur Züblin Vonwiller, followed by Schlaepfer-Wenner's textile mills and dye factories; the Wenner family settled permanently in Salerno. In 1877 the city was the site of as many as 21 textile mills employing around ten thousand workers; in comparison with the four thousand employed in Turin's textile industry, Salerno was sometimes referred to as the "
Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...
of the two Sicilies".
In September 1943, during World War II, Salerno was the scene of
Operation Avalanche, the
invasion of Italy launched by the
Allies of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the Declaration by United Nations, United Nations from 1942, were an international Coalition#Military, military coalition formed during the World War II, Second World War (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis ...
, and suffered a great deal of damage.
Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington, who was killed in action during the fighting, is buried in Salerno War Cemetery. From 12 February to 17 July 1944, it hosted the Government of Marshal
Pietro Badoglio
Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba, 1st Marquess of Sabotino (, ; 28 September 1871 – 1 November 1956), was an Italian general during both World Wars and the first viceroy of Italian East Africa. With the fall of the Fascist regime ...
. In those months Salerno was the provisional government seat of the
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...
, and the King
Vittorio Emanuele III lived in a mansion in its outskirts.
After the war the population of the city doubled in a few years, going from 80,000 in 1946 to nearly 160,000 in 1976.
Geography
The city is situated at the northwestern end of the plain of the
Sele River
The Sele is a river in southwestern Italy. Originating from the Monti Picentini in Caposele,Meaning "top of the Sele" it flows through the region of Campania, in the provinces of Salerno and Avellino. Its mouth is in the Gulf of Salerno, on the ...
, at the exact beginning of the
Amalfi coast
The Amalfi Coast ( it, Costiera amalfitana) is a stretch of coastline in southern Italy overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Gulf of Salerno. It is located south of the Sorrentine Peninsula and north of the Cilentan Coast.
Celebrated worldw ...
. The small river Irno crosses through the central section of Salerno. The highest point is "Monte Stella" with its .
Climate
Salerno has a
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate (also called a dry summer temperate climate ''Cs'') is a temperate climate sub-type, generally characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, fairly wet winters; these weather conditions are typically experienced in the ...
, with a hot and relatively dry summer (highs of in July and August) and a rainy fall and winter (highs of in January). Usually there is nearly of rain every year. The strong wind that comes from the mountains toward the
Gulf of Salerno
The Gulf of Salerno (Italian: ''Golfo di Salerno'') is a gulf of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the coast of the province of Salerno in south-western Italy.
The northern part of this coast is the Costiera Amalfitana, which ends at Punta di Campanella and ...
makes the city very windy (mainly in winter). However, this gives Salerno the advantage of being one of the sunniest towns in Italy.
Demographics
In 2007, there were 140,580 people residing in Salerno, located in the province of Salerno,
Campania
(man), it, Campana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 =
, demog ...
, of whom 46.7% were male and 53.3% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 19.61 per cent of the population compared to pensioners who number 21.86 per cent. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06 per cent (minors) and 19.94 per cent (pensioners). The average age of Salerno residents is 42 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Salerno grew by 2.02 per cent, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.85 per cent. The current birth rate of Salerno is 7.77 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births.
As of 31 December 2010, there were 4,355 foreigners in Salerno. The largest immigrant group came from other European countries (mainly Ukraine and Romania). The population is overwhelmingly
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
* Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
.
Economy
The economy of Salerno is mainly based on services and tourism, as most of the city's manufacturing base did not survive the economic crisis of the 1970s. The remaining ones are connected to
pottery
Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and ...
and food production and treatment.
The
Port of Salerno is one of the most active of the
Tyrrhenian Sea. It handles about 10 million tons of cargo per year, 60% of which is made up by containers.
Transport
Salerno is connected to the
A2,
Autostrada A3 and
Autostrada A30 motorways.
Salerno station is the main railway station of the city. It is connected to the
high-speed railway network via the Milan-Salerno corridor. The main bus stop of Salerno is also at the train station, with both CSTP buses and SITA buses.
A
metro light rail line connects the train station with
Stadio Arechi
The Arechi Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Salerno, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of U.S. Salernitana 1919. The stadium holds 37,800. The stadium was built to replace the Donato Vestuti s ...
, with seven intermediate stops.
A new Maritime Terminal Station, designed by Zaha Hadid Architects, was completed in 2016 and was opened for the 2017 cruise season. Salerno features three marinas: Manfredi Pier, Masuccio Salernitano, and Marina di Arechi (opened in 2015).
Salerno airport is located in the neighboring towns of
Pontecagnano Faiano
Pontecagnano Faiano (also known simply as Pontecagnano) is a town and ''comune'' of the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-west Italy. The area dates back to Roman times when the city of Picentia stood in the place and was destro ...
and
Bellizzi
Bellizzi is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.
History
Bellizzi was a ''frazione'' of Montecorvino Rovella until 2 January 1990, when it became a comune following a referendum held in ...
.
Education
Salerno hosted the oldest medical school in the world, the
Schola Medica Salernitana, the most important source of medical knowledge in Europe in the early Middle Ages. It was closed in 1811 by
Joachim Murat.
In 1944 king
Vittorio Emanuele III established Istituto Universitario di Magistero "
Giovanni Cuomo
Giovanni Cuomo (Salerno, 23 December 1874 – 24 March 1948) was an Italian politician, lawyer and teacher.
Life
Born in Salerno in 1874, Cuomo since teenager followed ideals of liberalism & nationalism. He graduated as lawyer in 1905Vitto ...
". In 1968 the university became state-controlled. Today
University of Salerno is located in the neighboring town of
Fisciano
Fisciano is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. It is dominated by the University of Salerno, which built a new campus in the town in 1988.
The municipality borders with Baronissi, Cal ...
and has about 34,000 students and ten faculties: Arts and Philosophy, Economics, Education, Engineering, Foreign language and literature, Law, Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, Medicine, Pharmacy and Political Science.
Sport
The city's main
football team is
U.S. Salernitana 1919
Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919, commonly referred to as Salernitana, is
an Italian football club based in Salerno, Campania. The original club was founded in 1919 and has been reconstituted three times in the course of its history, most recentl ...
, that plays in
Serie A
The Serie A (), also called Serie A TIM for national sponsorship with TIM, is a professional league competition for football clubs located at the top of the Italian football league system and the winner is awarded the Scudetto and the Cop ...
(the first highest football division in Italy). Their home stadium is
Stadio Arechi
The Arechi Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Salerno, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of U.S. Salernitana 1919. The stadium holds 37,800. The stadium was built to replace the Donato Vestuti s ...
, opened in 1990 and with a capacity of 37,245.
The most successful team in the city is the women's
handball
Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the ...
team PDO Handball Team Salerno, with its four national titles, four national cups and two national supercups; other noteworthy teams are Arechi in
rugby
Rugby may refer to:
Sport
* Rugby football in many forms:
** Rugby league: 13 players per side
*** Masters Rugby League
*** Mod league
*** Rugby league nines
*** Rugby league sevens
*** Touch (sport)
*** Wheelchair rugby league
** Rugby union: 1 ...
and Rari Nantes Salerno in
water polo
Water polo is a competitive team sport played in water between two teams of seven players each. The game consists of four quarters in which the teams attempt to score goals by throwing the ball into the opposing team's goal. The team with th ...
.
The city has also a tradition in motorsport.
Attractions
Salerno is located at the geographical center of a triangle nicknamed ''Tourist Triangle of the 3 P's'' (namely a triangle with the corners in
Pompei,
Paestum and
Positano
Positano (Campanian: ) is a village and '' comune'' on the Amalfi Coast ( Province of Salerno), in Campania, Italy, mainly in an enclave in the hills leading down to the coast.
Climate
The climate of Positano is very mild, of the Mediterrane ...
). This peculiarity gives Salerno special tourist characteristics that are increased by the many local points of tourist interest like the ''
Lungomare Trieste'' (''Trieste Seafront Promenade''), the ''
Castello di Arechi'' (''
Arechis' Castle''), the ''
Duomo'' (cathedral) and the ''
Museo Didattico della Scuola Medica Salernitana Museo may refer to:
*Museum (2018 film), Museo, 2018 Mexican drama heist film
*Museo (Naples Metro), station on line 1 of the Naples Metro
*Museo, Seville, neighborhood of Seville, Spain
{{disambiguation ...
'' (''Educational Museum of the
Salernitan Medical School'').
Twin towns – sister cities
Salerno is
twinned with:
See also
*
List of Princes of Salerno
*
Principality of Salerno
The Principality of Salerno ( la, Principatus Salerni) was a medieval Southern Italian state, formed in 851 out of the Principality of Benevento after a decade-long civil war. It was centred on the port city of Salerno. Although it owed al ...
*
Schola Medica Salernitana
*
Salerno Ivories The Salerno Ivories are a collection of Biblical ivory plaques from around the 11th or 12th century that contain elements of Early Christian art and architecture, Early Christian, Byzantine art, Byzantine, and Islamic art, Islamic art as well as inf ...
*
Salerno railway station
Salerno railway station serves the Italian city of Salerno and was opened in 1866. It is the main railway station of the city.
Overview
It is located at the junction of several lines, including two major national lines, the Naples–Salerno l ...
*
University of Salerno
*
U.S. Salernitana 1919
Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919, commonly referred to as Salernitana, is
an Italian football club based in Salerno, Campania. The original club was founded in 1919 and has been reconstituted three times in the course of its history, most recentl ...
*
Operation Avalanche
*
Salerno Cathedral
References
Bibliography
* Bonfanti, Giuseppe. ''Dalla Svolta di Salerno al 18 aprile 1948''. Editrice La Scuola. Brescia 1979.
* Crisci, Generoso. ''Salerno sacra:ricerca storica''. Edizioni della Curia arcivescovile. Salerno 1962.
* D'Episcopo, Francesco. ''Salerno. Sulla scia di Alfonso Gatto. Masuccio e l'Ottocento salernitano''. Editrice Il Sapere. Ancona 2004.
* De Renzi, Salvatore. ''Storia documentata della Scuola Medica di Salerno''. Tipografie Gaetano Nobile. Naples, 1857.
* Di Martino, Maristella. ''Le Ricette di Salerno. La cultura gastronomica della città''. Editore Il Raggio di Luna. Salerno 2006.
* Errico, Ernesto. ''Cinquant'anni fa a Salerno''. Ripostes Editore. Salerno 2004.
* Felici, Maria. ''Palazzi nobiliari a Salerno''. Edizioni La Veglia. Salerno 1996.
* Fonzo, Erminio
''Partiti ed elezioni in provincia di Salerno nella crisi dello Stato liberale (1919–1923)''in Rassegna storica lucana, nn. 49–50, 2011, pp. 43–113.
* Fonzo, Erminio
''Il fascismo conformista. Le origini del regime nella provincia di Salerno (1920–1926)'' Edizioni del Paguro, Mercato San Severino (SA), 2011.
* Giordano, Gaetano. ''Il Profeta della Grande Salerno. Cento anni di storia meridionale nei ricordi di Alfonso Menna''. Avagliano Editore. Salerno 1999.
* Iannizzaro, Vincenzo. ''Salerno. La Cinta Muraria dai Romani agli Spagnoli''. Editore Elea Press. Salerno 1999.
* Iovino, Giorgia. ''Riqualificazione urbana e sviluppo locale a Salerno. Attori, strumenti e risorse di una città in trasformazione''. Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane. Naples, 2002.
* Mazzetti, Massimo. ''Salerno Capitale d'Italia''. Edizioni del Paguro. Salerno 2000.
* Musi, Aurelio. ''Salerno moderna''. Editore Avagliano. Salerno 1999.
* Ferraiolo Marco ''Storia di un anno di anni fa – Racconti di vita salernitana degli anni 60–70'' . Edizioni Ripostes . Salerno 2005
* Roma, Adelia. ''I giardini di Salerno''. Editore Elea Press. Salerno 1997.
* Seton-Watson, Christopher. ''Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, 1870–1925''. John Murray Publishers. London, 1967.
External links
Photo of the "Cripta" of the Salerno Cathedral, where is the tomb of the Apostle MatthewInformation about the city of Salerno (in Italian)*
*
{{Authority control
Coastal towns in Campania
Cities founded by Rome