Sylvia Lim Swee Lian (; born 28 March 1965) is a Singaporean politician, lawyer, former police officer and former
Temasek Polytechnic
Temasek Polytechnic (TP) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education, Singapore.
Established in 1990, TP is renowned for its law and design programmes. It is also the first an ...
law lecturer. She has been the chairperson of the
Workers' Party
Workers' Party is a name used by several political parties throughout the world. The name has been used by both organisations on the left and right of the political spectrum. It is currently used by followers of Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Maoism ...
(WP) since 2003 and the
Member of Parliament (MP) for the
Paya Lebar
Paya Lebar ( ) is a planning area located in the East Region of Singapore, bordered by Hougang to the west, Sengkang to the northwest, Tampines to the east, Bedok to the south and Pasir Ris to the north.
As part of the Singapore Urban Redevelop ...
division of
Aljunied GRC
The Aljunied Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in the north-eastern and eastern region of Singapore. It consists of a large part of Hougang (excluding Hougang SMC), Paya Lebar, Serangoo ...
since 2020.
Having been a
Non-Constituency Member of Parliament between 2006 and 2011 of the
11th Parliament of Singapore
The 11th Parliament of Singapore was the previous Parliament of Singapore. The first session commenced on 2 November 2006 and was prorogued on 13 April 2009. The second session commence from 18 May 2009 and was dissolved on 19 April 2011. The me ...
, Lim represented the
Serangoon
Serangoon ( ) is a planning area and residential town located in the North-East Region of Singapore.
Serangoon is bordered by these planning areas – Sengkang to the north, Hougang to the east, Ang Mo Kio and Bishan to the west, as well ...
division of Aljunied GRC between 2011 and 2020.
Before entering politics, Lim had served in the
Singapore Police Force
The Singapore Police Force (SPF) is the national and principal Police, law enforcement agency responsible for the prevention of crime and law enforcement in the Republic of Singapore. It is the country's lead agency against organised crime; hum ...
and worked in
Temasek Polytechnic
Temasek Polytechnic (TP) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education, Singapore.
Established in 1990, TP is renowned for its law and design programmes. It is also the first an ...
as a law lecturer. One week after the 2011 general election, she announced that she would be resigning from her job at Temasek Polytechnic after 12 years by what she anticipated to be an increased workload after being elected as part of the Workers' Party team for Aljunied GRC. During the same year, Lim also re-entered the legal sector. She is currently serving as counsel at Peter Low Chambers LLC.
Early life
Lim attended CHIJ Our Lady of Good Counsel,
CHIJ St. Joseph's Convent and
National Junior College
National Junior College (NJC) is a government Junior college (Singapore), junior college located in Bukit Timah, Singapore. Established in 1969, it was the first government junior college in Singapore. NJC offers a two-year course for pre-universit ...
before graduating from the
National University of Singapore
The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a national university, national Public university, public research university in Singapore. It was officially established in 1980 by the merging of the University of Singapore and Nanyang University ...
in 1988 with a
Bachelor of Laws
A Bachelor of Laws (; LLB) is an undergraduate law degree offered in most common law countries as the primary law degree and serves as the first professional qualification for legal practitioners. This degree requires the study of core legal subje ...
degree with honours. She went on complete a
Master of Laws
A Master of Laws (M.L. or LL.M.; Latin: ' or ') is a postgraduate academic degree, pursued by those either holding an undergraduate academic law degree, a professional law degree, or an undergraduate degree in another subject.
In many jurisdi ...
at the
University College London
University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ...
in 1989,
and was
called to the bar
The call to the bar is a legal term of art in most common law jurisdictions where persons must be qualified to be allowed to argue in court on behalf of another party and are then said to have been "called to the bar" or to have received "call to ...
in Singapore in 1991.
She later completed an online master's degree in
criminal justice
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of committing crimes. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include the rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other ...
from the
Michigan State University
Michigan State University (Michigan State or MSU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. It was founded in 1855 as the Agricultural College of the State o ...
in 2014.
During her undergraduate and postgraduate studies, Lim did volunteer work with the Spastic Children's Association, Salvation Army Home for the Aged and
University College Hospital
University College Hospital (UCH) is a teaching hospital in the Fitzrovia area of the London Borough of Camden, England. The hospital, which was founded as the North London Hospital in 1834, is closely associated with University College Lo ...
. She later did voluntary editorial work for the Criminal Legal Aid Scheme of the
Law Society of Singapore
The Law Society of Singapore is an organisation which represents all lawyers in Singapore. The Law Society of Singapore is a law society and is analogous to what is called a Bar Association in many countries and should not be confused with the ...
.
Career

In 1991, Lim joined the
Singapore Police Force
The Singapore Police Force (SPF) is the national and principal Police, law enforcement agency responsible for the prevention of crime and law enforcement in the Republic of Singapore. It is the country's lead agency against organised crime; hum ...
for three years as a police inspector. She initially did investigation work at the
Central Police Division
The Central Police Division (or 'A' Division), is one of the seven land divisions of the Singapore Police Force. It was established in 1867 and is the longest-serving Police Division in Singapore. Amongst the seven land divisions covering all of S ...
Headquarters, and then became a staff officer under the Director of the
Criminal Investigation Department
The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes criminal investigation, detectives belong in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth nations. A force's CID is disti ...
.
Lim joined the law firm M/s Lim & Lim in 1994. She handled litigation work both civil and criminal cases in the
High Court,
Subordinate Courts and
Juvenile Court
Juvenile court, also known as young offender's court or children's court, is a tribunal having special authority to pass judgements for crimes committed by children who have not attained the age of majority. In most modern legal systems, chi ...
between 1994 and 1998.
Lim joined
Temasek Polytechnic
Temasek Polytechnic (TP) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education, Singapore.
Established in 1990, TP is renowned for its law and design programmes. It is also the first an ...
in 1998 as a law lecturer. She was also the Manager of Professional Development and Manager of Continuing Education and Training at the polytechnic's School of Business. Her main areas of teaching and research were in civil and criminal procedure, criminal justice and private security. During her time at Temasek Polytechnic, Lim contributed to the volume on Criminal Procedure for Halsbury's ''Laws of Singapore'' (2003), a legal practitioners' reference series, and has also collected and published primary research on private security in Singapore.
In March 2006, Temasek Polytechnic modified its staffing policies to enable Lim to run as a candidate in the general election without having to resign her teaching position at the institution.
Political career
Lim was cited as feeling "distressed" that opposition parties could contest only one-third of the parliamentary seats during the
2001 general election. Ten days after the election, she joined the
Workers' Party
Workers' Party is a name used by several political parties throughout the world. The name has been used by both organisations on the left and right of the political spectrum. It is currently used by followers of Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Maoism ...
(WP) and became the chairwoman of the party within 18 months in 2003.
2006 general election
At the
2006 general election, Lim led the five-member
Workers' Party
Workers' Party is a name used by several political parties throughout the world. The name has been used by both organisations on the left and right of the political spectrum. It is currently used by followers of Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Maoism ...
team to contest the
Aljunied Group Representation Constituency
The Aljunied Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in the north-eastern and eastern region of Singapore. It consists of a large part of Hougang (excluding Hougang SMC), Paya Lebar, Serang ...
(Aljunied GRC), campaigning on the slogan "You have a Choice".
Means testing in hospitals, as well as the
James Gomez fiasco became hot button issues during the election campaign.

The WP team ultimately lost to the team from the governing
People's Action Party
The People's Action Party (PAP) is a major Conservatism, conservative political party in Singapore and is the governing contemporary political party represented in the Parliament of Singapore, followed by the opposition Workers' Party of Singap ...
(PAP) by 58,593 votes (43.9%) to 74,843 (56.1%). This was the highest percentage of the vote garnered by any losing opposition candidates in the election, and therefore meant that the WP was entitled to select one of its team members from Aljunied GRC to become a
Non-constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP). The party chose Lim to become its NCMP.
NCMP term: 2006–2011
During her term in
Parliament
In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...
, Lim spoke out against ministers' salaries, and also against means testing in hospitals, which resulted in the PAP deferring a decision on this for a period of two years from 2006 to 2008. In addition, she also called for a reduction in the Goods and Services Tax, arguing that it was a regressive tax, and urged the government to do more to help retrenched workers.
In 2009, Parliament debated the Human Organ Transplant (Amendment) Bill which would permit an organ donor to receive a reasonable amount of payment as a reimbursement for medical checks, insurance and other medical expenses, and loss of income. Lim spoke of her worry that the bill might lead to a backdoor
organ trading and profiteering.
In 2010, Lim mooted the idea that the proportion of each Primary 1 cohort that would be seeking a university education should be increased beyond the 30% by 2015 that the Government was planning. She noted that in
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , OCDE) is an international organization, intergovernmental organization with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and international trade, wor ...
countries in 2006 about 37% of each age cohort received a degree-level education, and that a sizeable number of Singaporean students who failed to gain entry into local universities had done well in reputable universities overseas. She also suggested giving concessionary fares to disabled individuals who make up 2% of the adult population under 60 years.
Lim expressed concerns about a proposed constitutional amendment introduced in April 2010 that would allow magistrates to hear what are called "first mentions" through
video conferencing
Videotelephony (also known as videoconferencing or video calling) is the use of audio signal, audio and video for simultaneous two-way communication. Today, videotelephony is widespread. There are many terms to refer to videotelephony. ''Vide ...
. A first mention is a hearing that must be held within 48 hours of a person's arrest. She felt it failed to adequately assure accused people that they were allowed to complain to magistrates about injuries they had sustained or acts of misfeasance against them by the authorities. In response, Deputy Prime Minister and
Minister for Home Affairs
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency ...
Wong Kan Seng
Wong Kan Seng ( zh, s=黄根成, j=Wong4 Gan1 Sing4, p=Huáng Gēnchéng; born 8 September 1946) is a Singaporean former politician who served as 5th Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore between 2005 and 2011 and currently is the chairman of Unit ...
assured MPs that processes would be in place to ensure that accused people are treated fairly. For example, during a video conference, an accused person would be alone in a room without police officers and able to see what was happening in the entire courtroom. Secondly, the screen used by the judge would be large enough to enable them to clearly see whether the accused was under duress. Finally, mistreated accused people could either complain to the police or to the judge when they were later present in court.

The following month, during parliamentary debates on major revisions to the Criminal Procedure Code, Lim suggested there was a need to improve pre-trial disclosure procedures and to ensure that victims of crimes received redress. Further, she expressed concerns over the leniency of community-based sentencing. The bill eventually incorporated several of her suggestions.
In 2011, Lim noted that the Compulsory Education Act ensures that all children have the opportunity to receive an education. However, she expressed concern that processes for entry to schools for children with
special needs were cumbersome. Furthermore, education for children with special needs was not subject to the same subsidies that students in mainstream schools had. She thus brought to the House's attention the fact that special needs children might have been unintentionally marginalized. These concerns were supported by Penny Low, MP for
Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC
Pasil (, also Romanized as Pasīl; also known as Pasīr) is a village in Sepiddasht Rural District, Papi District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, ...
.
2011 general election
In the
2011 general election, Lim again contested in Aljunied GRC along with
Pritam Singh
Pritam Singh (born 2 August 1976) is a Singaporean politician, author, and lawyer who has been the Secretary-General of the Workers' Party (WP) since 2018, and Leader of the Opposition since 2020. Singh has been the Member of Parliament (MP) r ...
,
Chen Show Mao
Chen Show Mao ( zh, s=陈硕茂, p=Chén Shuòmào; born 6 February 1961) is a Singaporean politician. A member of the opposition Workers' Party (WP), he was the Member of Parliament for Aljunied GRC representing Paya Lebar between 2011 and 2 ...
,
Low Thia Khiang
Low Thia Khiang (; born 5 September 1956) is a Singaporean former politician and the secretary-general of the Workers' Party (WP) between 2001 and 2018. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Hougang Single Member Constituency (SMC) betw ...
and
Muhamad Faisal Manap. Lim and her party campaigned on the slogan "Towards a First World Parliament", which entailed maintaining checks and balances in Parliament to keep the ruling party accountable to the public, and for opposition parties to gain experience in policy formulation and constituency work. In her final election rally speech, Lim emphasised that contrary to the public's perception, there was "no glamour" in being an opposition
MP, and that she was only "fighting to serve". In a televised political broadcast on
cooling-off day, Lim warned the public that "there is a very real danger of an 87 to nil score ... and if that happens, Singapore's political landscape will suffer a tremendous setback from which we may never recover."
Lim was returned as an elected
Member of Parliament for Aljunied GRC after her team won 54.72% of the votes (inclusive of overseas votes), the first time that an opposition party won a GRC since the system's introduction on 1 June 1988. In addition, the defeat of the incumbent PAP team marked the first time in Singapore's electoral history that a serving cabinet minister lost their seat.
After the election, she was assigned to look after the Serangoon ward and appointed chairperson of the combined Aljunied–Hougang Town Council. Lim's victory also made her the first female opposition MP in Singapore's post-independence history.
First term: 2011 – 2015
Gross National Happiness
In her maiden speech as an opposition MP in October 2011, Lim urged the government to adopt a more holistic approach in assessing the well-being of Singaporeans, which included using
Gross National Happiness
Gross National Happiness, (GNH; ) sometimes called Gross Domestic Happiness (GDH), is a philosophy that guides the government of Bhutan. It includes an index used to measure a population's collective happiness and well-being. The Gross National Ha ...
(GNH) as an indicator apart from conventional indicators such as the
Gross Domestic Product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic performanc ...
(GDP). Lim further noted in her speech that Singapore was a co-sponsor of
Bhutan
Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked country in South Asia, in the Eastern Himalayas between China to the north and northwest and India to the south and southeast. With a population of over 727,145 and a territory of , ...
's resolution in the United Nations entitled ''Happiness: Towards a holistic approach to development''. Lim's speech drew swift rebuttals from MPs of the ruling
People's Action Party
The People's Action Party (PAP) is a major Conservatism, conservative political party in Singapore and is the governing contemporary political party represented in the Parliament of Singapore, followed by the opposition Workers' Party of Singap ...
, including Prime Minister
Lee Hsien Loong
Lee Hsien Loong (born 10 February 1952) is a Singaporean politician and former military officer who served as the third Prime Minister of Singapore, prime minister of Singapore from 2004 to 2024, thereafter serving as a Senior Minister of S ...
who suggested later in 2014 that it was impractical "to switch to a different metric – from GDP to GNH". Lim replied that "the search for alternative indicators other than GDP is highly relevant ... GNH is not merely about measuring an emotion. It is about measuring societal progress in a holistic way".
Woffles Wu case
In 2012, Lim engaged in a heated debate with Law Minister
K Shanmugam
Kasiviswanathan Shanmugam (born 26 March 1959), better known as K. Shanmugam, is a Singaporean politician and lawyer who has been serving as Minister for Law from 2008 to 2025 and Minister for Home Affairs since 2015 and Coordinating Ministe ...
where she questioned if the judgement published by the
Attorney-General's Chambers
In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general (: attorneys general) or attorney-general (AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have executive responsibility for law enf ...
(AGC) with regards to the
Woffles Wu speeding case had addressed public concerns on the equitability of Singapore's legal system. Wu was fined S$1,000 in June 2012 under section 81(3) of the Road Traffic Act. Lim questioned why a custodial sentence was not imposed, noting that "aggravating factors" such as Wu abetting someone to provide false information to the police, and that he had committed more than one offence over a prolonged period would have warranted a harsher sentence. Shanmugam insisted that the treatment of the law applied in Wu's case was in line with prior cases of a similar nature, and challenged Lim repeatedly to name "a single case" in which a custodial sentence was imposed on cases with such a nature.
The sharp exchange between Lim and the Minister led to WP chief Low Thia Khiang intervening to question if Shanmugam was trying to "impose some sort of intimidation" on Lim. The debate also led to Lim requesting the Minister to "confirm whether he's questioning my motive in filing the question? ... Is he alleging bad faith on my part to cast aspersions on the legal system?", to which Shanmugam replied, "MPs should leave politics aside and look at the facts if we want to be honest and fair. It's got nothing to do with intimidation."
Population White Paper
Lim also spoke out against the
Population White Paper, contending that the government's strategy of using immigration to "top up" for the shortfall in Singapore's
total fertility rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were t ...
(TFR) would "further dilute national identity" and place Singapore on course in requiring "even more population injections in the future". She added that the government's attempts to encourage childbirths had been "half-hearted". Lim and her party proposed a greater tradeoff between GDP growth and population numbers, as well as new initiatives to encourage TFR recovery.
Action Information Management (AIM) saga
The AIM saga, which involved the termination of town council IT software owned by the PAP in the event of a "material change" in the leadership of a town, became a much talked about issue in the lead up to the
Punggol East by-election in 2013. Lim contended that a "material change" was taken to mean a "change in political leadership" as in Aljunied GRC, and questioned how the public interest was served with the presence of such a termination clause. This led to Lim filing an adjournment motion in Parliament titled ''Safeguarding the Public Interest in Town Council Management'', which she withdrew after the government announced that it would conduct a review on the issue. Then Minister for National Development
Khaw Boon Wan
Khaw Boon Wan ( zh, s=许文远, p=Xǔ Wényuǎn, poj=Khó͘ Bûn-oán; born 8 December 1952) is a Malaysian-born Singaporean former politician who served as Minister for Transport between 2015 and 2020, Minister for National Development betw ...
accused Lim of being "self-righteous" and "arrogant", to which Lim replied, "I definitely do not accept his ascription of those motives to me personally".
Little India riot
Lim opposed the Public Order (Additional Temporary Measures) Bill in the aftermath of the
2013 Little India riot
The 2013 Little India riot took place on 8 December 2013 after a fatal accident occurred at Singapore Standard Time, SST 21:23 at the junction of Race Course Road and Hampshire Road in Little India, Singapore, causing angry mobs of migrant labou ...
, characterising the "hasty introduction" of the bill as a "knee-jerk reaction" by the government. She noted that the bill would in effect "stigmatise Little India as a special zone requiring special legislation" and that "there are already sufficient powers under our laws" with the Committee of Inquiry (COI) set to release its recommendations soon. Lim further expressed concerns with regards to newly imposed liquor control regulations, as well as policing resources and manpower required to handle such occurrences.
Promoting social mobility
Lim also advocated for a more
progressive tax
A progressive tax is a tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases. The term ''progressive'' refers to the way the tax rate progresses from low to high, with the result that a taxpayer's average tax rate is less than the ...
system and strengthening of social safety nets to mitigate inequality, which included tweaking the income tax tiers for high income earners and fixing loopholes in the property tax measures.
Lim expressed support for the
Pioneer Generation Package
The Pioneer Generation Package (PGP) is a S$9 billion package launched by the Government of Singapore in 2014, aimed at helping pioneering Singaporeans to meet retirement adequacy. PGP is designed as a series of healthcare and social support scheme ...
rolled out by the government in 2014, but raised concerns with regards to the MediShield Life scheme, particularly for Singaporeans who are already on private medical insurance or those living abroad.
2015 general election
Less than a month before election day on 12 August 2015, Lim set up her
Instagram
Instagram is an American photo sharing, photo and Short-form content, short-form video sharing social networking service owned by Meta Platforms. It allows users to upload media that can be edited with Social media camera filter, filters, be ...
account with the first post showing a photo of herself eating
oyster omelette
200px, Taiwanese style Oyster omeletteThe oyster omelette, also known as o-a-tsian (), o-chien () or orh luak (; Peng'im: ''o5 luah4''), is a dish of Min Nan (Hokkien and Teochew) origin that is renowned for its savory flavor in its native Minnan ...
at Fengshan Hawker Centre. The accompanying caption read "The taste of Fengshan – heavenly!" and a cryptic hashtag "#ReasonsToWin". A media frenzy and large public reaction ensued, with rumours circulating that Lim was considering a move to contest the election in
Fengshan SMC. Alluding to the financial problems of the WP-run Aljunied–Hougang-Punggol East Town Council, Deputy Prime Minister
Teo Chee Hean
Teo Chee Hean ( zh, s=张志贤, poj=Tioⁿ Chì-hiân, p=Zhāng Zhìxián, first=poj; born 27 December 1954) is a Singaporean former politician and two-star rear-admiral who served as Senior Minister of Singapore and Coordinating Minister for ...
entered the reaction, criticising Lim for wanting to "swallow up Fengshan" and "help the town council with the deficit". Lim later replied that it was "unfortunate" that Teo "does not seem to have a sense of humour".
In the
2015 Singaporean general election
General elections were held in Singapore on Friday, 11 September 2015 to elect 89 members of Parliament. The outgoing Parliament had been dissolved and the general election called by President Tony Tan on 25 August, on the advice of Prime Mi ...
, Lim defended her Aljunied GRC ward against a new PAP team led by
Yeo Guat Kwang
Yeo Guat Kwang ( zh, s=杨木光, p=Yáng Mùguāng; born 27 January 1961) is a Singaporean former politician. A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Ang Mo Kio–Hou ...
. Campaigning on the platform "Empower Your Future", the vote-counting became tight and a recount had to be conducted as the margin was less than 2%. At 03:10 AM
SST on 12 September 2015, the WP team was returned to Parliament with a reduced majority of 50.96%.
Speaking to the media hours after the election results on the sidelines of a thank you parade, Lim questioned if "voters don't want too much opposition in Parliament". She added that the fact that all 89 seats were contested by the opposition might also have resulted in some pushback, where voters were worried "sooner or later the PAP might be dislodged as a government". The feel-good factor of the SG50
golden jubilee
A golden jubilee marks a 50th anniversary. It variously is applied to people, events, and nations.
Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, golden jubilee refers the 50th anniversary year of the separation from Pakistan and is called in Bengali language, ...
celebrations, memory of the late
Lee Kuan Yew
Lee Kuan Yew (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew; 16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015), often referred to by his initials LKY, was a Singaporean politician who ruled as the first Prime Minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. He is widely recognised ...
who died in the same year and the unstable economic environment were also some other factors Lim cited for the results swinging in favour of the ruling party.
Second term: 2016 – 2020
Singapore's 13th Parliament opened on 25 January 2016 following the elections in 2015. In her Parliamentary speech to President
Tony Tan Keng Yam
Tony Tan Keng Yam (; born 7 February 1940) is a Singaporean banker and politician who served as the seventh president of Singapore between 2011 and 2017.
Prior to entering politics, Tan was a general manager at OCBC Bank. He made his polit ...
's addenda, Lim called for fundamental changes to Singapore's education system and how students are assessed, as well as scaling back the government's presence in non-core government functions such as in the boards of sports groups so as to allow such organisations to "manage their own affairs". Lim further noted that "an exceptional nation should have a people whose
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...
is being unafraid to fail".
Administration of Justice (Protection) Bill
In a sharp exchange with Law Minister K Shanmugam which lasted seven hours, Lim and her party colleagues voiced strong objections to the Administration of Justice (Protection) Bill which deals with the
law of contempt of court. Lim argued that the bill was "being bulldozed through Parliament" and "unnecessarily lower
the threshold to what amounts to scandalising the courts". She added that the bill provides "
draconian
Draconian is an adjective meaning "of excessive severity", that derives from Draco, an Athenian law scribe under whom small offenses had heavy punishments ( Draconian laws).
Draconian may also refer to:
* Draconian (band)
Draconian is a Sw ...
enforcement muscle" to the government, with the Minister using "a sledgehammer to kill an ant ... we are one step closer to being a police state". Lim ended her speech as such,
Government Proceedings Act
While Lim supported the Government Proceedings Act, she argued against one of the act's clauses which removes the limit to the amount of legal fees the government can be awarded if and when it goes to court. Lim expressed "grave concerns" about the bill, saying that the bill will give the public the impression that the government is "using legal costs as a deterrent or prohibitive factor when it comes to litigation with the government".
Oxley Road dispute
Speaking during the 2-day special Parliamentary session on the
38 Oxley Road
38 Oxley Road is an eight-bedroom two-storey bungalow located near Orchard Road, Singapore. The house was built in the late 19th century and was the residence of the first prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, from the 1940s until his dea ...
dispute, Lim noted that allegations of abuse of power mounted on PM Lee Hsien Loong by his siblings
Lee Hsien Yang
Lee Hsien Yang (; born 24 September 1957) is a Singaporean businessman and former brigadier-general. Lee has been a member of Progress Singapore Party (PSP) since 2020.
A prominent member of the Lee family, he is the younger brother of Lee ...
and Dr Lee Wei Ling were "serious charges" and "deeply troubling". Focusing her speech on potential conflicts of interest, Lim revealed that Singapore's current
Attorney-General
In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general (: attorneys general) or attorney-general (AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have executive responsibility for law enf ...
(AG)
Lucien Wong
Lucien Wong Yuen Kuai (born October 1953) is a Singaporean lawyer who has been serving as the ninth attorney-general of Singapore since 2017.
A former corporate lawyer, Wong was the chairman and a senior partner of Allen & Gledhill, as well ...
represented the PM as his personal lawyer in the dispute involving the house. The Deputy AG,
Hri Kumar
Hri Kumar Nair (born 16 June 1966) is a Singaporean lawyer and former politician who has been serving as Judge of the High Court of Singapore since 2023. A former member of the People's Action Party, he was the Member of Parliament representin ...
, was also an ex-PAP MP. Lim questioned if the leadership of the Attorney-General's Chambers had "recused themselves in advising the Government on any decision it wishes to take on 38 Oxley Road", and "whether these appointments instill public confidence that the AGC will act independently in matters where the Government or Prime Minister has an interest in the outcomes". In an ensuing debate with Senior Minister of State for Law
Indranee Rajah
Indranee Thurai Rajah (; born 12 April 1963) is a Singaporean politician and lawyer who has been serving as Minister in the Prime Minister's Office and Second Minister for Finance since 2018 and Second Minister for National Development and ...
, Lim further questioned if the Cabinet agrees that there should be "distance between the Government and the AGC leadership", to which Rajah disagreed and replied that "independence of mind" was the crucial factor.
Debate on Presidential Elections Act (Amendment) Bill 2017
Lim has opposed the
elected presidency, advocating for the president to be an appointed one instead. Lim argued that a president "elected under a PAP government might be pro-PAP and could potentially cripple a non-PAP government in its first term".
In a debate with Law Minister K Shanmugam in November 2016, Lim also disagreed on the "dual role" expected of the elected president – being a custodian of reserves as well as being a head of state – as this might lead to the president being faced with a confrontational situation with the government.
Lim has suggested since 2006 that a reversion back to the system where the president is appointed by Parliament would "naturally take care of any concerns of minority representation and would not be regressive".
Lim further called for a national referendum for Singaporeans to decide whether the public preferred an elected or appointed president. Lim therefore voted against the
constitutional amendment
A constitutional amendment (or constitutional alteration) is a modification of the constitution of a polity, organization or other type of entity. Amendments are often interwoven into the relevant sections of an existing constitution, directly alt ...
s on the Presidential Elections Act in February 2017, which would provide for a reserved election if and when an individual from a minority race has not been president for five consecutive terms. She took issue with the government's decision to use
Wee Kim Wee
Wee Kim Wee (4 November 1915 – 2 May 2005) was a Singaporean journalist and diplomat who served as the fourth president of Singapore between 1985 and 1993. Born in Singapore in the Straits Settlements, Singapore during colonial rule, Wee was ...
's presidential term as the basis of starting the count for the hiatus triggered mechanism, arguing that Wee was never elected by the people.
Alluding to Lim's accusations, Minister
Chan Chun Sing
Chan Chun Sing ( zh, s=陈振声, p=Chén Zhènshēng, j=Can4 Zan3 Sing1, first=j; born 9 October 1969) is a Singaporean politician and former major-general who is serving as Minister for Defence in 2025 and Minister-in-charge of Public Serv ...
charged that Lim was "casting aspersions on the integrity of the Prime Minister", while DPM Teo Chee Hean said the decision was "based on
AGC's advice" and asked Lim to mount a judicial challenge in the courts if she disagreed. This subsequently led to former presidential candidate and ex-PAP MP
Tan Cheng Bock
Adrian Tan Cheng Bock ( zh, s=陈清木, poj=Tân Chheng-bo̍k; born 26 April 1940) is a Singaporean former politician and physician.
A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ayer ...
filing a suit in the High Court on whether the government's decision to start the count from President Wee was correct and in accordance with the constitution. Tan's case was dismissed and thrown out by the High Court and Court of Appeal, with the court ruling that it was entirely up to the government to decide when to start the count for the hiatus triggered mechanism. Lim was present in the Court of Appeal to hear the judgement.
The writ of election for
Presidential Elections 2017 was issued soon after on 28 August 2017. On the same day, Lim filed an adjournment motion titled "Counting from President Wee Kim Wee or President
Ong Teng Cheong
Ong Teng Cheong (22 January 1936 – 8 February 2002) was a Singaporean statesman, architect and union leader who served as the fifth president of Singapore between 1993 and 1999. Born when Singapore was a part of the Singapore in the Straits ...
– policy decision or legal question?" for the parliamentary sitting on 11 September 2017. Her adjournment motion was subsequently balloted out twice as other PAP MPs had also filed adjournment motions, rendering her unable to speak on the issue.
Lim delivered her speech on the adjournment motion on 3 October 2017, after two unsuccessful attempts. In a strongly-worded 18-minute speech, Lim stated on the outset that the "public was very divided" on the implementation of reserved presidential elections. She accused the government — particularly PM Lee, DPM Teo, and Minister Chan — of attempting to "confuse and distract", and misleading Parliament by "merely using the AGC's advice as a cover to avoid full Parliamentary debate on why the count was not starting from President Ong Teng Cheong". In his reply, Law Minister Shanmugam rejected Lim's assertions that the government was attempting to mislead, saying that the "government has always been clear that when it comes to the counting, it is a policy matter for Parliament to decide". He also took a swipe at Lim and berated, "Ms Lim protests far too much."
Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act
In opposing the renewal of the
Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act (CLTPA) on 6 February 2018, Lim questioned the premature renewal of the bill and said that the government had "gone too far" with the additional provisions, charging that the addition of a finality clause in the act to make the Minister's decision on whether to detain someone without trial final was an “attempt to make the Minister (for Home Affairs) all-powerful”. Lim added that she found the addition of the finality clause "very troubling" and "a position too arrogant for the House to adopt".
Lim also took issue with the amendments to the fourth schedule, which now defines the scope of criminal activities in which one may be detained under the CLTPA. Lim branded the bill "untenable" and accused the Minister of attempting to be "a global policeman with no equal in the world" after it was revealed that individuals who commit criminal activities outside Singapore may now be detained under the CLTPA as well, as in the case of
Dan Tan.
A highly charged exchange between Lim and Minister Shanmugam broke out thereafter, with the Minister rebutting to say he was "prepared to stand up here and say as the Law and Home Affairs Minister that there is no intention to oust judicial review". Shanmugam described Lim's use of the phrase "global policeman" as "rhetorical flourish", and further accused Lim of making speeches that "made for a good reading on her website" but were purely "theatrics with no substance, calculated to mislead".
Lim rose to ask that a division be recorded at the second and third readings of the Bill. The bill to amend the act was ultimately passed with 77 ayes, 10 noes and 2 abstentions after a 4-hour debate. Eight of the WP elected MPs and NCMPs, as well as NMPs
Kok Heng Leun and Azmoon Ahmad voted against the renewal of the CLTPA.
Budget 2018
Addressing Parliament on the second day of the
Financial Budget debate on 28 February 2018, Lim focused her speech on addressing social and economic inequality and how it posed a threat to Singapore's solidarity. Lim also questioned if the Government had commissioned independent studies on social mobility using longitudinal data.
On 1 March 2018, Lim also pointed out that the Government had earlier floated "test balloons" on a possible
GST hike but the public noted a contradiction with Deputy Prime Minister
Tharman Shanmugaratnam
Tharman Shanmugaratnam (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean politician and economist who has been the current and ninth President of Singapore since 2023.
Prior to his presidency, Tharman served as Senior Minister of Singapore between ...
's earlier statements that the Government already had enough money for the decade. This was, in Lim's view, a possible factor that led to the tax hike of two percentage points to 9% taking place only sometime between 2021 and 2025 instead of immediately. She said, "I rather suspect myself that the Government is stuck with that announcement otherwise... perhaps we would be debating a GST hike today."
Law Minister K Shanmugam and Finance Minister
Heng Swee Keat
Heng Swee Keat (; born 15 April 1961) is a Singaporean former politician and former police officer who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore from 2019 until 2025. He was the Parliament of Singapore, Member of Parliament (MP) who rep ...
rejected Lim's suspicion and demanded that Lim withdraw her statements. In particular, Shanmugam said that Lim had implied that the government was being dishonest by backing down on its plans, which was a "thoroughly hypocritical and dishonest statement typical of the statements she makes in this House".
In a fiery exchange which saw Shanmugam and Lim responding and talk over each other, Lim refused to retract her statements and defended her views as her "honest suspicion". Lim fired back, "The Government can rebut our speeches robustly, that's fine, but I don't think I'm disentitled to come to Parliament to advance honestly held beliefs or suspicions". The debate got so heated that Speaker
Tan Chuan-Jin
Tan Chuan-Jin (; born 10 January 1969) is a Singaporean former politician and brigadier-general. A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), Tan served as Speaker of the Parliament between 2017 and 2023, and as the Member ...
had to interject and remind MPs to respond only when their names were called.
Many online commentators on
Channel NewsAsia
CNA (an initialism of Channel NewsAsia) is a Singapore-based multinational news channel owned by Mediacorp, the country's state-owned media conglomerate. The network is broadcast in Singapore on free-to-air terrestrial television and Mediacorp ...
's Facebook page, citing the presence of
parliamentary privilege
Parliamentary privilege is a legal immunity enjoyed by members of certain legislatures, in which legislators are granted protection against civil or criminal liability for actions done or statements made in the course of their legislative duties ...
and the fact that it was an elected MP's duty to voice out the concerns of the public, were largely unconvinced by Shanmugam's accusations and saw no issue with Lim's statement. They also pointed out that Shanmugam seemed to have a personal discontent with Lim, judging from the numerous occasions in which both had clashed in Parliament. Lim highlighted this in Parliament in a statement during clarification time, “I can understand why he wants to accuse me of various things because he probably was not happy about past debates where I had disagreed with some of his legislative changes and in typical fashion, he always accuses me of dishonesty when as far as I am concerned I’ve acted honestly.”
The debate continued into the following day, with Heng demanding that Lim apologise to the House "as an honourable MP should" for her statements, and Shanmugam posting on Facebook with an edited video charging that Lim had "made serious, baseless insinuations".
Speaking at the start of the Parliamentary sitting on 6 March 2018, Leader of the House and Minister for Culture, Community and Youth
Grace Fu
Grace Fu Hai Yien ( zh, s=傅海燕, p=Fù Hǎiyàn; born 29 March 1964) is a Singaporean accountant and politician who has been serving as Minister for Sustainability and the Environment since 2020, and Minister-in-charge of Trade Relations ...
demanded that Lim apologise to the House by 8 March 2018 and to withdraw her "allegation" that the Government had floated “test balloons” on the need to raise the GST. Fu had said Lim "cannot contend that her suspicion remains reasonable and honestly held" when clarification has been given to her by ministers in Parliament and elsewhere. Lim was not present in the chamber when Fu made her statement.
Lim responded to the issue in Parliament on 8 March 2018. In her 6-minute statement, Lim said she could accept her suspicion “may not have been correct”, but strongly rejected the government's accusation that her suspicion on the timing of the GST hike had no basis, and set out in detail a chronology of events including news reports and data published by economists which led to her to believe the GST might be raised in 2018. According to States Times Review, over 20 news reports of impending GST hike have been published by government-owned news media companies during the period of three months prior to Budget 2018 while the government ministries themselves maintained totally silent on the issue, thereby forming the basis of test balloons used in Lim's analogy. Lim reiterated that the public was worried about the impending GST hike, and she was not accusing the government of dishonesty.
Lim therefore stated that she was not going to offer any apology or retract any of her statements as she believed she was doing her “constitutional role” as an elected MP to “convey ground concerns, reactions and confusion".
In an ensuing robust exchange, Fu expressed “disappointment” and condemned Lim for her “low standards, lack of integrity … dishonourable and deplorable conduct” and threatened to refer the matter to the Committee of Privileges should Lim repeat statements of such a nature. Lim rose again to respond strongly against Fu's charges by quoting a part of Prime Minister Lee's closing speech during the 38 Oxley Road saga, "If MPs believe that something is wrong, it's MPs' job to pursue the facts and make these allegations in their own name, decide whether something seems to be wrong. And if you think something is wrong, even if you're not fully sure, then come to this House, confront the Government, ask for explanations and answers." Lim requested Fu to clarify if there was a “difference in standard here – One standard when the PM’s name needs to be cleared, and another standard when we are talking about raising taxes on the people?”
Finance Minister Heng pressed Lim for the “basis for her suspicions”. Lim responded by taking a dig at Heng, "I don’t think the Finance Minister was listening to my speech."
After the parliamentary debate having ended, various members of the PAP leadership continued to criticised Lim. Indranee Rajah took to Facebook to describe Lim's conduct as "not honourable", while
Chee Hong Tat
Chee Hong Tat ( zh, s=徐芳达, p=Xú Fāngdá, poj=Chhî Hong-ta̍t, first=poj; born 4 November 1973) is a Singaporean politician and former civil servant who has been appointed as Minister for National Development in 2025. A member of the ...
wrote in a letter on PAP's website alleging that Lim would use the GST hike issue to attack the ruling party in the next general election. The continued attacks on Lim, however, were met with much public criticism and cynicism on the "small-mindedness" of Singapore's leaders. It was also revealed that the PAP government had sought the AGC's advice on whether Lim had breached parliamentary privilege after failing to get her to retract her statement and apologise.
Former PAP MP
Tan Cheng Bock
Adrian Tan Cheng Bock ( zh, s=陈清木, poj=Tân Chheng-bo̍k; born 26 April 1940) is a Singaporean former politician and physician.
A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ayer ...
also weighed in on the issue, voicing out on how the ministers were "brow-beating" Lim to extract an apology from her. He said, "Instead of getting upset, the Ministers should be thankful Sylvia Lim gave them an opportunity to explain. If the government’s position is ‘no’ then just say no and let's just stop at that. No need to get defensive." The debate led to numerous Singaporeans creating satire and coming up with various ridiculous reasons for one’s demand of an apology.
2020 general election
Lim was in a five-member WP team and contested in
Aljunied GRC
The Aljunied Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in the north-eastern and eastern region of Singapore. It consists of a large part of Hougang (excluding Hougang SMC), Paya Lebar, Serangoo ...
with
Pritam Singh
Pritam Singh (born 2 August 1976) is a Singaporean politician, author, and lawyer who has been the Secretary-General of the Workers' Party (WP) since 2018, and Leader of the Opposition since 2020. Singh has been the Member of Parliament (MP) r ...
,
Gerald Giam
Gerald Giam Yean Song ( zh, s=严燕松, p=Yán Yànsōng; born 22 November 1977) is a Singaporean politician. A member of the opposition Workers' Party (WP), Giam has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Bedok Reservoir– Pun ...
,
Leon Perera
Leon Anil Perera (born 28 September 1970) is a Singaporean activist and politician. He was previously a Non-constituency Member of Parliament, Non-Constituency Member of Parliament between 2015 and 2020. Perera was the 14th Parliament of Singapo ...
and
Muhamad Faisal Manap and won the GRC with 59.95% of the votes in
2020 general election.
2025 general election
During the
2025 general election, Lim was in a five-member Workers' Party team contesting in
Aljunied GRC
The Aljunied Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in the north-eastern and eastern region of Singapore. It consists of a large part of Hougang (excluding Hougang SMC), Paya Lebar, Serangoo ...
with team members,
Pritam Singh
Pritam Singh (born 2 August 1976) is a Singaporean politician, author, and lawyer who has been the Secretary-General of the Workers' Party (WP) since 2018, and Leader of the Opposition since 2020. Singh has been the Member of Parliament (MP) r ...
,
Gerald Giam
Gerald Giam Yean Song ( zh, s=严燕松, p=Yán Yànsōng; born 22 November 1977) is a Singaporean politician. A member of the opposition Workers' Party (WP), Giam has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Bedok Reservoir– Pun ...
with new faces
Fadli Fawzi
Muhammad Fadli bin Mohammed Fawzi (born 17 March 1985) is a Singaporean politician, lawyer, and sociologist who has served as a Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Kaki Bukit division of Aljunied GRC since 2025. A member of the Workers' ...
who replaced
Faisal Manap
Muhamad Faisal bin Abdul Manap ( Jawi: ; born 6 June 1975) is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Vice-Chairman of the Workers' Party (WP) since 2016 and an advisor for Sengkang GRC from 2021 to 2025. A member of the opposition Work ...
following his wish to contest in
Tampines GRC
The Tampines Group Representation Constituency is a five-member Group Representation Constituency (GRC) in the eastern region of Singapore. The GRC encompasses Tampines and is managed by the Tampines Town Council, with five divisions: Tampine ...
and
Kenneth Tiong
Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat (; born 1988 or 1989) is a Singaporean politician. A member of the Workers' Party, Tiong has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Serangoon division of Aljunied GRC since 2025.
Early life
Tiong attend ...
, who replaced
Leon Perera
Leon Anil Perera (born 28 September 1970) is a Singaporean activist and politician. He was previously a Non-constituency Member of Parliament, Non-Constituency Member of Parliament between 2015 and 2020. Perera was the 14th Parliament of Singapo ...
following his resignation in 2023. They won with 59.68% of the vote against the
People's Action Party
The People's Action Party (PAP) is a major Conservatism, conservative political party in Singapore and is the governing contemporary political party represented in the Parliament of Singapore, followed by the opposition Workers' Party of Singap ...
team.
After a victory at the
2025 general election, Lim is an elected member of the Aljunied-Hougang Town Council (AHTC) since 2015 along with
Pritam Singh
Pritam Singh (born 2 August 1976) is a Singaporean politician, author, and lawyer who has been the Secretary-General of the Workers' Party (WP) since 2018, and Leader of the Opposition since 2020. Singh has been the Member of Parliament (MP) r ...
and
Fadli Fawzi
Muhammad Fadli bin Mohammed Fawzi (born 17 March 1985) is a Singaporean politician, lawyer, and sociologist who has served as a Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Kaki Bukit division of Aljunied GRC since 2025. A member of the Workers' ...
.
Current appointments
Lim's current appointments are as follows:
* Chairman,
Workers' Party of Singapore
The Workers' Party (WP) is a major social democratic political party in Singapore and one of the two contemporary political parties represented in Parliament, alongside the governing People's Action Party (PAP). The WP sits on the centre-left o ...
* Co-Chairman, Aljunied Constituency Committee (AJCC)
Personal life
Lim's father, Lim Choon Mong, worked in the police force before quitting to study law in London and qualified as a practicing lawyer at age 39.
In an interview with ''
The Straits Times
''The Straits Times'' (also known informally by its abbreviation ''ST'') is a Singaporean daily English-language newspaper owned by the SPH Media Trust. Established on 15 July 1845, it is the most-widely circulated newspaper in the country and ...
'' in 2013, Lim said much of her early political education were received in large part from her father.
Her father died in August 2017. Lim's mother was a nurse.
Lim is a
Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
. While speaking at the CANA Catholic Centre Talk of the Town event in 2014, Lim said she tries "to read the Bible everyday" but prefers to keep her faith private, adding that it was "not my nature to evangelise" as others could already have had their own religion which they took comfort in.
Lim has been in a relationship with former national football player
Quah Kim Song
Quah Kim Song (, born February 1952) is a former Singapore national football team, Singapore international association football, footballer who played as a Striker (association football), striker.
Quah's swift agility earned him the nicknames ...
since 2013. The couple married on 4 January 2025.
References
External links
Sylvia Limon
Parliament of Singapore
The Parliament of Singapore is the unicameralism, unicameral legislature of the Singapore, Republic of Singapore, which governs the country alongside the President of Singapore. Largely based upon the Westminster system, the Parliament is made ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lim, Sylvia
Members of the Parliament of Singapore
Workers' Party (Singapore) politicians
Singaporean women in politics
Singaporean educators
Singaporean police officers
Michigan State University alumni
National University of Singapore alumni
National Junior College alumni
Singaporean people of Teochew descent
Singaporean Roman Catholics
1965 births
Living people
Alumni of University College London
20th-century Singaporean educators
21st-century Singaporean politicians
20th-century Singaporean lawyers
20th-century Singaporean women lawyers
Alumni of the UCL Faculty of Laws