The Satyrini is one of the

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

of the subfamily Satyrinae. It includes about 2200

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

and is therefore the largest tribe in the subfamily which comprises 2500 species.

Distribution

Satyrini butterflies have a worldwide distribution, but the distribution pattern differs between

subtribes Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants Plants are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic eukaryotes of th ...

. Some subtribes are almost restricted to a single

biogeographic region An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas o ...

, such as the

Pronophilina Pronophilina is a Neotropical subtribe of butterflies of the subfamily Satyrinae. They are a species-rich group with highest diversity in the tropical and subtropical mountains, especially the Andes. Before 1970, they were poorly studied, but re ...

, which is found only in Andean

cloud forests A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level clo ...

from

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in ...

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

Biology

The larval food plants of many species in this tribe are

grasses Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns a ...

, i.e. Poaceae. It is considered that the Satyrini diversified at about the same time as the grasses did, and that the

radiation In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: * ''electromagnetic radiation'', such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, vi ...

of the tribe is therefore closely related to the evolution of the grasses. In contrast, the tribe has a few genera which show uncommon feeding preferences. Three genera, ''

Euptychia ''Euptychia'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung E ...

'', ''

Ragadia ''Ragadia'' is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae). This genus is one of those commonly called ringlets. Species * ''Ragadia annulata'' * ''Ragadia crisilda'' - striped ringlet * ''Ragadia critias'' * ''Ragadia crito'' * ''R ...

'' and ''

Acrophtalmia Acrophtalmia is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. Species *'' Acrophtalmia artemis'' C. & R. Felder, 1861 *'' Acrophtalmia leuce'' C. & R. Felder, 867 __NOTOC__ Year 867 (Roman numerals, DCCCLXVII) was a common year startin ...

'', feed on Lycopsida, and moreover, some species of ''Euptychia'' have been reported to feed on mosses of

Neckeraceae Neckeraceae is a moss family in the order Hypnales. There are about 200 species native to temperate and tropical regions. Most grow on rocks, or other plants. Description Members of the family are usually large and glossy plants with creeping st ...

. This is interesting cases as these genera are not considered to be very closely related to each other.

Taxonomy

Speckled wood (Pararge aegeria aegeria) male

Mycalesis francisca formosana high altitude ventral view 20150705

Marbled white (Melanargia galathea) male

The taxonomy of the subfamily Satyrinae has recently undergone a significant revision. showed that most of the traditionally well known group are

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

and developed a new taxonomy, based on

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

. The classification scheme transferred many genera traditionally placed in the

Elymniini The Elymniini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. If the subfamily Satyrinae elevate to family status, this tribe shall be treated as subfamily Elymniinae. Elymniini was formerly a large group, but recently, it is considered to be ...

to the Satyrini, and later studies have largely followed this classification. Thus, the Satyrini is now considered to include the genera previously placed in the Elymniini, such as '' Lethe'', ''

Pararge ''Pararge'' is a genus of butterflies of the family Nymphalidae. Species * ''Pararge aegeria'' – speckled wood (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Pararge xiphia'' – Madeiran speckled wood (Fabricius, 1775) * ''Pararge xiphioides'' – Canary s ...

'' and '' Mycalesis''. However, the phylogenetic statuses of some subtribes within the tribe are still unclear and the revision of the classification is likely to continue. ---- According to , the Satyrini includes the following

and genera: ;

Parargina Parargina is a subtribe of butterflies of the subfamily Satyrinae.Parargina
Tree of Life Web Project

Genera

Moore, 1893 :* ''

Chonala ''Chonala'' is a genus of butterflies of the family Nymphalidae found in eastern Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasi ...

'' Moore, 1893 :* '' Kirinia'' Westwood, 1841 :* '' Lasiommata'' Tutt, 1896 :* ''

Lopinga ''Lopinga'' is a genus of butterflies of the family Nymphalidae. Species * ''Lopinga achine ''Lopinga achine'', the woodland brown, is a Palearctic butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. Description in Seitz P. ''achine'' Scop. (= ''dejanir ...

'' Moore, 1893 :* ''

Orinoma ''Orinoma'' is a genus of butterflies of the family Nymphalidae found in Asia. Species Listed alphabetically:''Orinoma''
at the ''T ...

'' Gray, 1846 :* ''

'' Hübner, 1819 :* ''

Rhaphicera ''Rhaphicera'' is a genus of butterflies of the family Nymphalidae found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts ...

'' Butler, 1867 :* ''

Tatinga ''Tatinga thibetana'' is only species in the butterfly genus ''Tatinga'' of the family Nymphalidae found in Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right ...

'' Moore, 1893 :* ''

Nosea ''Nosea hainanensis'' is only species in the butterfly genus ''Nosea'' of the family Nymphalidae endemic to China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous count ...

'' Moore, 1893 ; Lethina Reuter, 1896 :* '' Aphysoneura'' Karsch, 1894 :* '' Lethe'' Hübner, 1819 :* '' Neope'' Moore, 1866 :* '' Ninguta'' Moore, 1892 :* ''

Ptychandra ''Ptychandra'' is a butterfly genus in the subfamily Satyrinae within the family Nymphalidae. ''Ptychandra'' was first described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1861. The genus comprises eight species, seven found in the Philippines with ...

'' Felder & Felder, 1861 :* ''

Mandarinia ''Mandarinia'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae (Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly consi ...

'' Leech, 1892 ; Mycalesina Reuter, 1896 :* '' Lohora'' Moore, 1880 :* '' Brakefieldia'' Aduse-Poku, Lees & Wahlberg, 2016 :* ''

Telinga The land of Telugu people was referred during ancient times as ''Āndhra dēśa'' (country of Andhra) and ''Trilingadēśa'' (country of Trilinga). The word ''Telugu'' is ''believed'' to have been derived from ''trilinga'', as in ''Trilinga D ...

'' Moore, 1880 :* '' Heteropsis'' Westwood, 1850 :* '' Culapa'' Moore, 1879 :* '' Mydosama'' Moore, 1880 :* '' Mycalesis'' Hübner, 1818 :* '' Devyatkinia'' Monastyrskii & Uémura, 2016 :* ''

Hallelesis ''Hallelesis'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct ...

'' Condamin, 1961 :* '' Bicyclus'' Kirby, 1871 ; Eritina Miller, 1968 :* ''

Coelites ''Coelites '' is a Southeast Asia genus of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae (Satyrinae) The genus contains three species: *'' Coelites nothis'' Westwood, 850/small> **''C. n. nothis'' Assam, Burma, Thailand, Laos **''C. n. sylvarum'' Fruh ...

'' Westwood, 1850 :* '' Erites'' Westwood, 1851 :* ''

Orsotriaena ''Orsotriaena medus'' is a butterfly found in south Asia, southeast Asia, and Australia. It is the only species in the genus ''Orsotriaena'', first described by Hans Daniel Johan Wallengren in 1858. Historical name The butterfly has historica ...

'' Wallengren, 1858 :* ''

Zipaetis ''Zipaetis'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly colou ...

'' Hewitson, 1863 ; Ragadiina Herrich-Schäffer, 1864 :* ''

'' Felder & Felder, 1861 :* ''

Acropolis An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense. The term is typically used to refer to the Acropolis of Athens, ...

'' Hemming, 1934 :* ''

'' Westwood, 1851 ;

Coenonymphina The Satyrini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. It includes about 2200 species and is therefore the largest tribe in the subfamily which comprises 2500 species. Distribution Satyrini butterflies have a worldwide distribution, ...

Tutt, 1896 :* '' Coenonympha'' Hübner, 1819 :* ''

Sinonympha ''Sinonympha '' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae (subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were for ...

'' Lee, 1994 :* ''

Oressinoma ''Oressinoma'' is a Neotropical genus of butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly ...

'' Doubleday, 1849 :* ''

Altiapa ''Platypthima'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly co ...

'' Parsons, 1986 :* '' Argynnina'' Butler, 1867 :* ''

Argyronympha ''Argyronympha'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly c ...

'' Mathew, 1886 :* ''

Argyrophenga ''Argyrophenga'' is a genus of butterflies that are endemic to New Zealand.

'' Doubleday, 1845 :* ''

Dodonidia The forest ringlet (''Dodonidia helmsii''), also known as Helms' butterfly, is a rare butterfly of the family Nymphalidae endemic to New Zealand. It is the only species in the genus ''Dodonidia''. Taxonomy The forest ringlet was first describ ...

'' Butler, 1884 :* ''

Erebiola ''Erebiola butleri'', or Butler's ringlet, is an elusive New Zealand endemic (ecology), endemic butterfly, discovered in 1879 by John Enys (naturalist), John Enys at the alpine pass at the head of the Rakaia River. It is the only member of the ge ...

'' Fereday, 1879 :* '' Erycinidia'' Rothschild & Jordan, 1905 :* '' Geitoneura'' Butler, 1867 :* '' Harsiesis'' Fruhstorfer, 1911 :* ''

Heteronympha ''Heteronympha'' is a genus of butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured ...

'' Wallengren, 1858 :* ''

Hyalodia ''Hyalodia'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a disti ...

'' Jordan, 1924 :* ''

Hypocysta ''Hypocysta'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. Species The genus contains 12 species. * '' Hypocysta adiante'' (Hübner, 1825) – orange ringlet * '' Hypocysta angustata'' Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 – black and white ring ...

'' Westwood, 1851 :* ''

Lamprolenis ''Lamprolenis'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a d ...

'' Godman & Salvin, 1881 :* ''

Nesoxenica ''Nesoxenica'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a dis ...

'' Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 :* ''

Oreixenica ''Oreixenica'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. The genus contains six species.

'' Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 :* ''

Paratisiphone ''Paratisiphone'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a ...

'' Watkins, 1928 :* ''

Percnodaimon ''Percnodaimon merula'', the black mountain ringlet, is a satyrid butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is currently the only recognised species in the monotypic genus ''Percnodaimon,'' endemic to New Zealand, although there may be other un ...

'' Butler, 1876 :* ''

Platypthima ''Platypthima'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies. Species Listed alphabetically:Tisiphone'' Hübner, 1819 ;

Euptychiina The butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a diverse group within the tribe Satyrini, occurring throughout Central and South America, in addition to a few species known from North America. Euptychiina is a predominantly ...

Reuter, 1896 :* ''

'' Hübner, 1818 :* ''

Palaeonympha ''Palaeonympha'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Its one species, ''Palaeonympha opalina'', is found in Taiwan

'' Butler, 1871 :* ''

Amphidecta ''Amphidecta'' is a genus of satyrid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of t ...

'' Butler, 1867 :* ''

Archeuptychia ''Archeuptychia'' is a monotypic satyrid butterfly genus described by Walter Forster in 1964. Its sole member, ''Archeuptychia cluena'' is found in Brazil. The original name of this species was ''Papilio cluena'' as described by Dru Drury i ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Amiga'' Nakahara, Willmott & Espeland, 2019 :* ''

Caeruleuptychia ''Caeruleuptychia'' is a genus of satyrid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Capronnieria ''Capronnieria'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae found in the Neotropical realm. Its one species is ''Capronnieria galesus'' described by Jean Baptiste Godart Jean-Baptiste Godart (25 November 1775 – 27 July 1 ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Cepheuptychia ''Cepheuptychia'' is a genus of satyrid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Chloreuptychia ''Chloreuptychia'' is a genus of satyrid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Cissia ''Cissia'' is a genus of Satyrinae, satyrid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Coeruleotaygetis ''Taygetina peribaea'' is a species of butterfly in the subfamily Satyrinae. It is found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the t ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Cyllopsis ''Cyllopsis'' is a genus of Satyrinae, satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. The genus was erected by Rudolf Felder in 1869. Species Listed alphabetically: *''Cyllopsis argentella'' (Butler & H. Druce, 1872) *''Cyllopsis caballeroi ...

'' Felder, 1869 :* '' Erichthodes'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Euptychoides ''Euptychoides'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Forsterinaria ''Forsterinaria'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Graphita'' Nakahara, Marín & Barbosa 2016 :* ''

Godartiana ''Godartiana'' is a genus of satyrid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Harjesia ''Harjesia'' is a genus of satyrid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Hermeuptychia ''Hermeuptychia'' is a genus of Satyrinae, satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. They are a widespread, cryptic genus, with Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I species delineation methods implying much greater species diversity than curr ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Huberonympha'' Viloria & Costa, 2016 :* ''

Inbio The Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) is the national institute for biodiversity and conservation in Costa Rica. Created at the end of the 1980s, and despite having national status, it is a privately run institution that works closely ...

'' Nakahara & Espeland, 2015 :* ''

Magneuptychia ''Magneuptychia'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically. *'' Magneuptychia agnata'' (Schaus, 1913) *'' Magneuptychia alcinoe'' (C. & R. Felder, 1867) *'' Magneuptychia analis'' (Godman, ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Megeuptychia ''Megeuptychia'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Megisto ''Megisto'' is a genus of butterflies of the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Species *'' Megisto cymela'' (Cramer, 777 – little wood satyr **''Megisto cymela viola'' (Maynard, 1891) – Viola's wood satyr Moneuptychia ''Moneuptychia'' is a genus of Satyrinae, satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Neonympha'' Hübner 1818 :* '' Nhambikuara'' Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca, 2018 :* '' Optimandes'' Marín, Nakahara & Willmott, 2019 :* '' Orotaygetis'' Nakahara & Zacca, 2018 :* ''

Paramacera ''Paramacera'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Nearctic and Neotropical realms. Species Listed alphabetically:Parataygetis ''Parataygetis'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly c ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Pareuptychia ''Pareuptychia'' is a genus of Satyrinae, satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Paryphthimoides ''Paryphthimoides'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Pharneuptychia ''Pharneuptychia'' is a genus of Satyrinae, satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Pindis'' Felder, 1869 :* ''

Posttaygetis ''Posttaygetis'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Its one species is ''Posttaygetis penelea'', which is found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeograph ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Prenda ''Prenda'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Its one species ''Prenda clarissa'' is found in the Neotropical realm. The generic name ''Prenda'' "designates a young woman from Rio Grande do Sul, on ...

'' Freitas & Mielke, 2011 :* ''

Pseudeuptychia ''Pseudeuptychia'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Pseudodebis ''Pseudodebis'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Rareuptychia ''Rareuptychia'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Its one species, ''Rareuptychia clio'', is found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms c ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Satyrotaygetis ''Satyrotaygetis'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a di ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Sepona'' Freitas & Barbosa, 2016 :* ''

Splendeuptychia ''Splendeuptychia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. Species * ''Splendeuptychia ackeryi'' Huertas, 2009 – Magdalena Valley ringlet * ''Splendeuptychia ambra'' (Weymer, 911 * ''Splendeuptychia ashna'' (Hewitson, 1869) * '' ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Stegosatyrus'' Zacca, Mielke & Pyrcz, 2013 :* '' Stevenaria'' Viloria, Costa, Neild & Nakahara, 2016 :* ''

Taydebis ''Taydebis'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. The genus was established by André Victor Lucci Freitas in 2003. Its one species, ''Taydebis peculiaris'', was found in Brazil Brazil ( pt, ...

'' Freitas, 2003 :* ''

Taygetina ''Taygetina'' is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. The species in '' Coeruleotaygetis'' have been included in ''Taygetina''. Its one species, ''Taygetina banghaasi'', is found in the Neotropical rea ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Taygetis ''Taygetis'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Taxonomy and evolution The genus appeared as polyphyletic,, 2013: Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the “''Taygetis'' clade” (Nymphalidae: S ...

'' Hübner, 1819 :* ''

Taygetomorpha ''Taygetomorpha'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Yphthimoides ''Yphthimoides'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:Zischkaia ''Zischkaia'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species Listed alphabetically:

'' Forster, 1964 ;

Erebiina The Satyrini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. It includes about 2200 species and is therefore the largest tribe in the subfamily which comprises 2500 species. Distribution Satyrini butterflies have a worldwide distribution, bu ...

Tutt, 1896 :* '' Erebia'' Elwes, 1899 ; Maniolina Grote, 1897 :* ''

Aphantopus ''Aphantopus'' is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. The genus is confined to the Palearctic. Species *''Aphantopus arvensis'' (Oberthür, 1876) (western China) **''Aphantopus arvensis arvensis'' **''Aphantopus arvensis campana'' Leech, 1892 (c ...

'' Wallengren, 1853 :* ''

Cercyonis ''Cercyonis'' is a genus of butterflies of the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae found in North America. They are commonly called wood-nymphs or wood nymphs. Species Listed alphabetically:Hyponephele'' Muschamp, 1915 :* ''

Maniola ''Maniola'' is a genus of butterflies within the family Nymphalidae.

'' Schrank, 1801 :* ''

Pyronia ''Pyronia'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Description These butterflies have vestigial forelegs that cannot be used for walking. Male forelegs exhibit 2 tarsal joints, while female forelegs h ...

'' Hübner, 1819 ; Melanargiina Wheeler, 1903 :* '' Melanargia'' Meigen, 1828 ;

Reuter, 1896 :* ''

Altopedaliodes ''Altopedialiodes'' is a genus of satyrid butterflies.

'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Antopedaliodes'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Apexacuta'' Pyrcz, 2004 :* '' Arhuaco'' Adams & Bernard, 1977 :* '' Cheimas'' Thieme, 1907 :* '' Corades'' Doubleday, 1849 :* '' Corderopedaliodes'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Daedalma'' Hewitson, 1858 :* '' Dangond'' Adams & Bernard, 1979 :* ''

Drucina ''Drucina'' is a Neotropical butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. *'' Drucina leonata'' Butler, 1872 References Satyrinae Nymphalidae of South America Nymphalidae genera Taxa named by Arthur Gardiner Butler {{Satyrinae-stu ...

'' Butler, 1872 :* '' Druphila'' Pyrcz, 2004 :* ''

Eretris ''Eretris'' is a Neotropical butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. The genus was erected by Theodor Otto Thieme in 1905. Species *'' Eretris apuleina'' Pyrcz, 2004 *''Eretris apuleja'' (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) *''Eretris calisto'' ( ...

'' Thieme, 1905 :* '' Eteona'' Doubleday, 1848 :* '' Foetterleia'' Viloria, 2004 :* '' Junea'' Hemming, 1964 :* ''

Lasiophila ''Lasiophila'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae found in South America. Species Listed alphabetically:Lymanopoda'' Westwood, 1851 :* '' Mygona'' Thieme, 1907 :* '' Neopedaliodes'' Viloria, Miller & Miller 2004 :* '' Oxeoschistus'' Butler, 1867 :* '' Panyapedaliodes'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Paramo'' Adams & Bernard, 1977 :* '' Parapedaliodes'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Pedaliodes ''Pedaliodes'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distin ...

'' Butler, 1867 :* '' Pherepedaliodes'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Physcopedaliodes'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Praepedaliodes'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Praepronophila'' Forster, 1964 :* ''

Proboscis A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elonga ...

'' Thieme, 1907 :* ''

Pronophila ''Pronophila'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. The species in the genus ''Pronophila'' occur in South America, including Peru, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Species Listed alphabetically: *''Pronophila ...

'' Doubleday, 1849 :* '' Protopedaliodes'' Viloria & Pyrcz, 1994 :* '' Pseudomaniola'' Röber, 1889 :* ''

Punapedaliodes ''Punapedaliodes '' is a Neotropical genus of butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often bri ...

'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Steremnia'' Thieme, 1905 :* '' Steroma'' Westwood, 1850 :* '' Steromapedaliodes'' Forster, 1964 :* '' Thiemeia'' Weymer, 1912 :* ''

Diaphanos ''Diaphanos'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. There are three recognised species in the Neotropics, and one undescribed subspecies of ''D. huberi''.Gerardo Lamas 2004 ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. CheckList: Part 4A H ...

'' Adams & Bernard, 1981 :* '' Ianussiusa'' Pyrcz & Viloria, 2004 :* ''

Idioneurula ''Idioneurula'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. The species of this genus are found in the Neotropics.Gerardo Lamas 2004 ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. CheckList: Part 4A Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea'' Scientific Publish ...

'' Strand, 1932 :* '' Manerebia'' Staudinger, 1897 :* ''

Neomaniola ''Neomaniola'' is a Neotropical butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. The genus is monotypic containing the single species ''Neomaniola euripides'', which is found in Bolivia and Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Repu ...

'' Hayward, 1949 :* ''

Argyrophorus ''Argyrophorus'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. It is distributed between Chile, Argentina and Perú. The systematic and circumscription of the genus is disputed. Taxonomy and systematics Type s ...

'' Blanchard, 1852 :* '' Auca'' Hayward, 1953 :* '' Chillanella'' Herrera, 1966 :* '' Cosmosatyrus'' Felder & Felder, 1867 :* '' Elina'' Blanchard, 1852 :* '' Faunula'' Felder & Felder, 1867 :* '' Haywardella'' Herrera, 1966 :* '' Homoeonympha'' Felder & Felder, 1867 :* '' Nelia'' Hayward, 1953 :* '' Neomaenas'' Wallengren, 1858 :* '' Neosatyrus'' Wallengren, 1858 :* ''

Pampasatyrus ''Pampasatyrus'' is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae.Quilaphoestosus'' Herrera, 1966 :* '' Spinantenna'' Hayward, 1953 :* '' Tetraphlebia'' Felder & Felder, 1867 :* ''

Gyrocheilus ''Gyrocheilus'' is a monotypic genus in the nymphalid subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a ...

'' Butler, 1867 ; Satyrina Boisduval, 1833 :* ''

Argestina ''Argestina'' is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. The genus is confined to the Palearctic. All the species are from China and Tibet. Species *'' Argestina phantasta'' Goltz, 1938 Yunnan *''Argestina pomena ''Argestina'' is a butterfly gen ...

'' Riley, 1923 :* ''

Davidina ''Davidina '' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae (subfamily Satyrinae). (central China: Shaanxi Shaanxi (alternatively Shensi, see #Name, § Name) is a landlocked Provinces of China, province of China. Officially part of No ...

'' Oberthür, 1879 :* ''

Berberia ''Berberia'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. The species in the genus ''Berberia'' occur in North Africa.Hipparchia'' Fabricius, 1807 :* ''

Kanetisa ''Kanetisa'' is a monotypic butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a di ...

'' Moore, 1893 :* ''

Aulocera ''Aulocera'' is a genus in the subfamily Satyrinae (or brown butterflies) of the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae. Commonly referred to as banded satyrs, species of the genus ''Aulocera'' are endemic to the Himalayas and associated moun ...

'' Butler, 1867 :* ''

Karanasa Karanasa is an Old World genus of subfamily Satyrinae (family Nymphalidae).

'' Moore, 1893 :* '' Oeneis'' Hübner, 1819 :* '' Paroeneis'' Moore, 1893 :* ''

Arethusana ''Arethusana'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae of the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). It is composed of only one species, ''Arethusana arethusa'', the false grayling. Subspecies Subspecies include:

'' de Lesse, 1951 :* ''

Brintesia ''Brintesia'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae and subfamily Satyrinae. Its one species is ''Brintesia circe'', the great banded grayling. Description ''Brintesia circe'' reaches on average wingspan of . Its wings are mai ...

'' Fruhstorfer, 1911 :* ''

Minois ''Minois'' is a genus of butterflies of the family Nymphalidae.

'' Hübner, 1819 :* ''

Chazara ''Chazara'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae of the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). The most well-known is the hermit butterfly ('' C. briseis''). ''C. briseis'' can be found as far west as Morocco and as far east ...

'' Moore, 1893 :* '' Pseudochazara'' de Lesse, 1951 :* '' Satyrus'' Latreille, 1810 ; Ypthimina Reuter, 1896 :* ''

Cassionympha ''Cassionympha'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Species *'' Cassionympha camdeboo'' (Dickson, 1981) *'' Cassionympha cassius'' (Godart, 824 __NOTOC__ Year 824 ( DCCCXXIV) was a leap year s ...

'' van Son, 1955 :* ''

Coenyra ''Coenyra'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct fam ...

'' Hewitson, 1865 :* ''

Coenyropsis ''Coenyropsis'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a disti ...

'' van Son, 1958 :* ''

Mashuna ''Mashuna'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Species *''Mashuna mashuna ''Mashuna mashuna'', the Mashuna ringlet, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Zimbabwe Zimbabw ...

'' van Son, 1955 :* '' Mashunoides'' Mendes & Bivar de Sousa, 2009 :* ''

Melampias ''Melampias'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. Its one species, ''Melampias huebneri'', the Boland brown, is found in South Africa. The wingspan is 35–38 mm for males and 33–35 mm for females. Adults ar ...

'' Hübner, 1819 :* ''

Neita ''Neita'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae.Neocoenyra ''Neocoenyra'' is a genus of Afrotropical realm, Afrotropical butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Species *''Neocoenyra bioculata'' Carcasson, 1964 *''Neocoenyra cooksoni'' Druce, 1907 *''Neocoenyra duplex'' Bu ...

'' Butler, 1886 :* ''

Pseudonympha ''Pseudonympha'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae.

'' Wallengren, 1857 :* ''

Paternympha ''Pseudonympha'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae.

'' Henning & Henning, 1997 :* ''

Physcaeneura ''Physcaeneura'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct ...

'' Wallengren, 1857 :* ''

Strabena ''Strabena'' is an Afrotropical butterfly genus endemic to Madagascar from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. *'' Strabena argyrina'' Mabille, 1878 *'' Strabena batesii'' (C. & R. Felder, 867 __NOTOC__ Year 867 (Roman ...

'' Mabille, 1877 :* ''

Stygionympha ''Stygionympha'' is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Species *''Stygionympha curlei'' Henning & Henning, 1996 *''Stygionympha dicksoni'' (Riley, 1938) *''Stygionympha geraldi'' Pennington, 1970 *''Stygion ...

'' van Son, 1955 :* '' Ypthima'' Hübner, 1818 :* '' Austroypthima'' Holloway, 1974 :* ''

Ypthimomorpha ''Ypthimomorpha'' is a monotypic butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. It contains only one species, ''Ypthimomorpha itonia'', the marsh ringlet or swamp ringlet, which is found in Senegal, the Gambia, Guine ...

'' van Son, 1955 ; subtribe uncertain :* '' Calisto'' Hübner, 1823 :* '' Paralasa'' Moore, 1893 :* ''

Callerebia ''Callerebia'' is a butterfly genus of the family Nymphalidae endemic to the Himalayas. Species *'' Callerebia annada'' (Moore, 1858) *'' Callerebia baileyi'' South, 1913 *'' Callerebia caeca'' Watkins, 1925 *'' Callerebia daksha'' Moore, 187 ...

'' Butler, 1867 :* '' Proterebia'' Roos & Amschied, 1980 :* ''

Loxerebia ''Loxerebia'' is a butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae. The genus is confined to China (including Tibet), Mongolia, Burma, Thailand and Laos. Most species are endemic to China. Species * '' Loxerebia albipuncta'' (Leech, 1890) * '' Loxere ...

'' Watkins, 1925 :* '' Dyndirus'' Capronnier, 1874

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

* * * * * * * * ** * * **

External links

Satyrinae
at NYMPHALIDAE.net (There is no individual page for Satyrini as it is split into pages for each subtribes.)
Boisduval 1833
at TREE OF LIFE web project

at Pteron World (in Japanese) {{Taxonbar, from=Q2717036 Satyrinae Butterfly tribes