Reginald Frederick Lawrence
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Reginald Frederick Lawrence
FRSSAf The Royal Society of South Africa is a learned society composed of eminent South African scientists and academics. The society was granted its royal charter by King Edward VII in 1908, nearly a century after Capetonians first began to conceive of ...
(6 March 1897 in
George, Western Cape George is the second largest city in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The city is a popular holiday and conference centre, as well as the administrative and commercial hub and the seat of the Garden Route District Municipality. It is na ...
– 9 October 1987 in
Pietermaritzburg Pietermaritzburg (; ) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality. The town was named in Zulu after King ...
) was a South African
arachnologist Arachnology is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly ...
and
myriapodologist Myriapodology is the scientific study of myriapods which includes centipedes and millipedes. The field of myriapodology can also cover other myriapods such as pauropods and symphylans. Those who study myriapods are myriapodologists. Societies * ...
at the
South African Museum The Iziko South African Museum, formerly the South African Museum (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Museum), is a South African national museum located in Cape Town. The museum was founded in 1825, the first in the country. It has been on its present ...
in
Cape Town Cape Town is the legislature, legislative capital city, capital of South Africa. It is the country's oldest city and the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. Cape Town is the country's List of municipalities in South Africa, second-largest ...
from 1922 until 1935, director of the Natal Museum in Pietermaritzburg from 1935 until 1948 and a researcher and staff member of the same museum until 1986.


Career

Lawrence was educated at St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown from 1908 to 1913. He studied at the
South African College The South African College was an educational institution in Cape Town, South Africa, which developed into the University of Cape Town (UCT) and the South African College Schools (SACS). History The process that would lead to the formation of th ...
(now
University of Cape Town The University of Cape Town (UCT) (, ) is a public university, public research university in Cape Town, South Africa. Established in 1829 as the South African College, it was granted full university status in 1918, making it the oldest univer ...
), where he graduated with his B.Sc. in 1922. His studies had been interrupted by
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, when he served with the infantry in France. He joined the staff of the South African Museum in 1922 as assistant in charge of
Arachnida Arachnids are arthropods in the class Arachnida () of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons. Adult arachnids ...
. While in the staff of the museum, he made several collecting expeditions in the southern part of the continent. His collection of arachnids formed the basis for the research upon which he received his Ph.D. from the University of Cape Town in 1928. He was appointed director of the Natal Museum in Pietermaritzburg in 1935, a position he gave up in 1948 in order to spend more time on research. He collected in forests from the southern Cape to the
Limpopo River The Limpopo River () rises in South Africa and flows generally eastward through Mozambique to the Indian Ocean. The term Limpopo is derived from Rivombo (Livombo/Lebombo), a group of Tsonga settlers led by Hosi Rivombo who settled in the mou ...
, and from the coast of the
Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), ...
in the east, to
Drakensberg The Drakensberg (Zulu language, Zulu: uKhahlamba, Sotho language, Sotho: Maloti, Afrikaans: Drakensberge) is the eastern portion of the Great Escarpment, Southern Africa, Great Escarpment, which encloses the central South Africa#Geography, Sout ...
in the west. He also collected in
Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
,
Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...
,
Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...
,
South-West Africa South West Africa was a territory under South African administration from 1915 to 1990. Renamed ''Namibia'' by the United Nations in 1968, it became independent under this name on 21 March 1990. South West Africa bordered Angola ( a Portu ...
, and
Zimbabwe file:Zimbabwe, relief map.jpg, upright=1.22, Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Bots ...
(then southern Rhodesia).


Personal life

Lawrence married Ella Thompson Pratt Yule.


Legacy

Lawrence is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of southern African lizards, ''
Lygodactylus lawrencei Lawrence's dwarf gecko (''Lygodactylus lawrencei)'' is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is native to Southern Africa. Etymology The specific name, ''lawrencei'', is in honor of South African entomologist Reginald Frederi ...
'' and ''
Namazonurus lawrenci Lawrence's girdled lizard (''Namazonurus lawrenci)'' is a species of lizard in the family Cordylidae. The species is endemic to South Africa.World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996).''Cordylus lawrenci '' 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Specie ...
''.


Publications

The following list is from Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro.Reginald Frederick LAWRENCE - papers on Opiliones
March 28, 2013. *Lawrence, R.F. (1931). The Harvest-Spiders (Opiliones) of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, Cape Town, 29(2), 341–508.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1933). The Harvest-Spiders (Opiliones) of Natal. Annals of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, 7(2), 211–241, 9 figs.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1934). (New South African Opiliones. Annals of the South African Museum, Cape Town, 30(4), 549–586, 19 figs.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1937a). A collection of Arachnida from Zululand. Annals of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, 8(2), 211–273, 30 figs. *Lawrence, R.F. (1937b). A stridulating organ in harvest-spiders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (10) 20, 364–369.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1937c). New harvest spiders from Natal and Zululand. Annals of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, 8(2), 127–153, 11 fig. *Lawrence, R.F. (1937d). The external sexual characteristics of South African harvest-spiders. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, Cape Town, 24(4), 331–337, 2 pl.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1938a) Harvest-spiders of Natal and Zululand. Annals of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, 8(3), 345–371. ssued April, 1938 *Lawrence, R.F. (1938b). The odoriferous glands of some South African harvest-spiders. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, Cape Town, 25(4), 333–342. *Lawrence, R.F. (1939). A contribution to the Opilionid fauna of Natal and Zululand. Annals of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, 9(2), 225–243. *Lawrence, R.F. (1947a). A collection of Arachnida made by Dr. I. Trägårdh in Natal and Zululand (1904–1905). Göteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets- Samhälles Handlingar, (6 B) 5(9), 1–41.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1947b). Opiliones from the Ivory Coast of West Africa collected by R. Paulian and C. Delamare-Deboutteville. Revue française d'entomologie, Paris, 14(1), 34–46. *Lawrence, R.F. (1949). A collection of Opiliones and Scorpions from North-East Angola made by Dr. A. de Barros Machado in 1948. Publicações culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (Diamang), Serviços Culturais, Dundo-Luanda-Angola-Lisboa, 1949, 1–20. *Lawrence, R.F. (1951). A further collection of opiliones from Angola made by Dr. A. de Barros Machado in 1948–1949. Publicações culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (Diamang), Serviços Culturais, Dundo-Luanda-Angola-Lisboa, 13, 29–44, 4 figs. *Lawrence, R.F. (1952). A collection of cavernicolous and termitophilous Arachnida from the Belgian Congo. Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 46, 1–17, 9 figs. *Lawrence, R.F. (1953). The Biology of the Cryptic Fauna of Forests. *Lawrence, R.F. (1957a). A third collection of opiliones from Angola. Publicações culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (Diamang), Serviços Culturais, Dundo-Luanda-Angola-Lisboa, 34, 51–66, 3 figs. *Lawrence, R.F. (1957b). The Opiliones collected by Dr. A. de Barros Machado in the Belgian Congo during 1953 and 1955. Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 56(1–2), 151–166, 4 figs. *Lawrence, R.F. (1958). A collection of cavernicolous Arachnida from French Equatorial Africa.
Revue suisse de Zoologie The ''Revue suisse de Zoologie'' (English: ''Swiss Journal of Zoology'') is a biannual peer-reviewed scientific journal for zoological systematics. It is published by the Natural History Museum of Geneva (Switzerland). It is financed by the Swis ...
, 65(4), 857–866, 3 figs.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1959). Arachnides-Opilions. Faune de Madagascar, Publications de L’Institut de Recherche Scientifique Tananarive – Tsimbazaza, 9, 1–121, 35 figs.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1962a). The significance of cave-living animals in the study of zoogeography. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums, 2, 206–211.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1962b). LXXIV.- Opiliones. In: Resultats scientifiques des missions zoologiques de l`IRSAC en Afrique orientale - (P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup, 1957). Annales Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, (Sciences zoologiques) 110, 9–89, figs. 1–136.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1963). The Opiliones of the Transvaal. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, 24, 275–304.
Pdf
*Lawrence, R.F. (1964). A small collection of Opiliones from the Ivory Coast of West Africa. Bulletin du Museum National d'histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 36, 797–811, 19 figs. *Lawrence, R.F. (1984). The Centipedes and Millipedes of Southern Africa: a Guide.


References


External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, Reginald Frederick 1897 births 1987 deaths 20th-century South African zoologists Alumni of St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown University of Cape Town alumni Myriapodologists Arachnologists