''Prometheus Unbound'' ( grc, Προμηθεὺς Λυόμενος, ''Promētheus Lyomenos'') is a fragmentary play in the ''
Prometheia'' trilogy attributed to the 5th-century BC
Greek tragedian Aeschylus, thought to have followed ''
Prometheus Bound''. ''Prometheus Unbound'' was probably followed by ''
Prometheus the Fire-Bringer''. It is concerned with the torments of the Greek mythological figure
Prometheus who defies the gods and proceeds to give fire to humanity (
theft of fire), for which he is subjected to eternal punishment and suffering at the hands of
Zeus.
The text of the ''Unbound'' survives only in eleven fragments preserved by later authors. Nevertheless, these fragments, combined with prophetic statements made in the first play of the trilogy, allow the reconstruction of a broad outline.
A lengthy fragment translated into
Latin by the
Roman statesman
Cicero indicates that the play would have opened with Prometheus visited by a chorus of
Titans. Though
Zeus had imprisoned them in
Tartarus at the conclusion of the
Titanomachy, he has at long last granted them clemency. This perhaps foreshadows Zeus's eventual reconciliation with Prometheus in the trilogy's third installment. Prometheus complains about his torment just as he had to the chorus of
Oceanids in ''Prometheus Bound''. As the ''dramatis personae'' of ''Prometheus Bound'' erroneously lists
Gaea, it has been suggested that she is next to visit Prometheus in this play, in a sympathetic role that echoes
Oceanus
In Greek mythology, Oceanus (; grc-gre, , Ancient Greek pronunciation: , also Ὠγενός , Ὤγενος , or Ὠγήν ) was a Titan son of Uranus and Gaia, the husband of his sister the Titan Tethys, and the father of the river gods a ...
' turn in the first play. Finally, the faulty ''dramatis personae'' mentioned above and several fragments indicate that
Heracles visits the Titan just as
Io had in ''Prometheus Bound''. Heracles kills the eagle that had been torturing Prometheus by eating his regenerating liver every day and frees the Titan.
Again mirroring events in the previous play, Prometheus forecasts the travels of Hercules as he concludes his
Twelve Labours. The play thus concludes with Prometheus free from the torments of Zeus, but the Titan and Olympian have yet to reconcile.
It inspired the play
of the same title by
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley ( ; 4 August 17928 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. A radical in his poetry as well as in his political and social views, Shelley did not achieve fame during his lifetime, but recognition of his achie ...
.
See also
*''
Prometheus Bound''
References
{{Authority control
Plays by Aeschylus
Lost plays
Prometheus
Plays based on classical mythology