Nickel(II) Perchlorate
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Nickel(II) perchlorate is a collection of
inorganic compound An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds⁠that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as ''inorganic chemistry''. Inorgan ...
s with the
chemical formula A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as pare ...
of . Its colors of these solids vary with the degree of hydration. For example, the hydrate forms cyan crystals, the pentahydrate forms green crystals, but the hexahydrate (Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O) forms blue crystals. Nickel(II) perchlorate hexahydrate is highly
soluble In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form such a solution. The extent of the solubi ...
in
water Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and Color of water, nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known liv ...
and soluble in some polar
organic solvent A solvent (from the Latin '' solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for p ...
s.


Preparation

Aqueous solutions of nickel(II) perchlorate can be obtained by treating nickel(II) hydroxide,
nickel(II) chloride Nickel(II) chloride (or just nickel chloride) is the chemical compound NiCl2. The anhydrous salt is yellow, but the more familiar hydrate NiCl2·6H2O is green. Nickel(II) chloride, in various forms, is the most important source of nickel for che ...
or
nickel(II) carbonate Nickel(II) carbonate describes one or a mixture of inorganic compounds containing nickel and carbonate. From the industrial perspective, an important nickel carbonate is basic nickel carbonate with the formula Ni4CO3(OH)6(H2O)4. Simpler carbonates ...
with
perchloric acid Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula H Cl O4. It is an oxoacid of chlorine. Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. It is a powerful oxid ...
. :Ni(OH)2 + 2HClO4 + 4H2O → Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O Two hydrates have been characterized by
X-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to Diffraction, diffract in specific directions. By measuring th ...
: the hexahydrate and the octahydrate. Several other hydrates are mentioned including the pentahydrate, which is claimed to crystallize at room temperature, the nonahydrate, which is claimed to crystallize at −21.3 °C, a tetrahydrate, and a monohydrate. The yellow
anhydrous A substance is anhydrous if it contains no water. Many processes in chemistry can be impeded by the presence of water; therefore, it is important that water-free reagents and techniques are used. In practice, however, it is very difficult to achie ...
product is obtained by treating nickel(II) chloride with chlorine trioxide. As deduced by
X-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to Diffraction, diffract in specific directions. By measuring th ...
, Ni resides in a distorted octahedral environment and the perchlorate
ligand In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's el ...
s bridge between the Ni(II) centers.


Applications

Nickel(II) perchlorates has few practical uses.


Other compounds

* Ni(ClO4)2 also forms some compounds with NH3, such as Ni(ClO4)2·6NH3 which is a light purple crystal. * Ni(ClO4)2 also forms some compounds with N2H4, including Ni(ClO4)2·2N2H4 as a light positive solid or Ni(ClO4)2·5N2H4 which are purple crystals. * Ni(ClO4)2 forms compounds with CO(NH2)2, like Ni(ClO4)2·6CO(NH2)2 which is a yellow-green solid. * Ni(ClO4)2 forms compounds with CON3H5, for example Ni(ClO4)2·3CON3H5 which is a blue solid. * Ni(ClO4)2 forms compounds with CON4H6, such as Ni(ClO4)2·3CON4H6 which is an explosive blue crystal with a bulk density of 0.95 g/cm³. * Ni(ClO4)2 can also form compounds with CS(NH2)2, such as Ni(ClO4)2·6CS(NH2)2 which is a pale green solid. * Ni(ClO4)2 also forms some compounds with CSN3H5, such as Ni(ClO4)2·2CSN3H5·3H2O which is a blue paramagnetic crystal or Ni(ClO4)2·3CSN3H5·2H2O which is a dark positive crystal.Chemické Zvesti, Tập 30,Trang 1-408
(1976), page 94. Retrieved March 10, 2021. * Ni(ClO4)2 also forms some compounds with
pyridine Pyridine is a basic (chemistry), basic heterocyclic compound, heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula . It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group replaced by a nitrogen atom . It is a highly flammable, weak ...
.F. Madaule-Aubry, W. R. Busing, G. M. Brown: ''Crystal structures of complexes of nickel perchlorate with substituted pyridines. II. Tetrakis-(3,4-dimethylpyridine)nickel(II) perchlorate.'' In: ''Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry.'' 24, S. 754, .


Further reading

*


See also

*
Nickel Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel is a hard and ductile transition metal. Pure nickel is chemically reactive, but large pieces are slo ...
*
Perchloric acid Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula H Cl O4. It is an oxoacid of chlorine. Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. It is a powerful oxid ...


References

{{Perchlorates Oxidizing agents Nickel compounds Perchlorates