Well-known reactions and

reagent In chemistry, a reagent ( ) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. The terms ''reactant'' and ''reagent'' are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a ...

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organic chemistry Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the science, scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic matter, organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain ...

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* 1,2-Wittig rearrangement * 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition * 2,3-Wittig rearrangement

A

* Acetalisation * Acetoacetic ester condensation * Achmatowicz reaction * Acylation * Acyloin condensation *

Adams' catalyst Adams Pearmain, also called Adam's Parmane, is a cultivar of apple. It was introduced to the Royal Horticultural Society, Horticultural Society of London in 1826 by Robert Adams, under the name Norfolk Pippin. The fruit is large, varying from t ...

* Adams decarboxylation * Adkins catalyst * Adkins–Peterson reaction * Akabori amino acid reaction *

Alcohol oxidation Alcohol oxidation is a collection of redox, oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert Alcohol (chemistry), alcohols to Aldehyde, aldehydes, Ketone, ketones, Carboxylic acid, carboxylic acids, and Ester, esters. The reaction mainly appli ...

* Alder ene reaction * Alder–Stein rules * Aldol addition * Aldol condensation * Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction *

Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution In organic chemistry, alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution is the organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines. The reaction name is based on the IUPAC Nomenclature for Transformations. The reaction is acid catalyzed and the reactio ...

* Alkyne trimerisation * Alkyne zipper reaction * Allan–Robinson reaction *

Allylic rearrangement An allylic rearrangement or allylic shift is an organic reaction, organic chemical reaction in which reaction at a center Vicinal (chemistry), vicinal to a double bond causes the double bond to shift to an adjacent pair of atoms: It is encountered ...

* Amadori rearrangement * Amine alkylation * Angeli–Rimini reaction * Andrussov oxidation * Appel reaction * Arbuzov reaction, Arbusow reaction * Arens–Van Dorp synthesis, Isler modification * Aromatic nitration * Arndt–Eistert synthesis * Aston–Greenburg rearrangement * Auwers synthesis *

Aza-Cope rearrangement Rearrangements, especially those that can participate in cascade reactions, such as the aza-Cope rearrangements, are of high practical as well as conceptual importance in organic chemistry, due to their ability to quickly build structural complexi ...

Azo coupling In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an organic reaction, reaction between a diazonium compound () and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (). In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation ...

B

* Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis *

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone, using peroxyacids or peroxides as the oxidant. The reaction is named after Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger who first ...

, Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement * Bakeland process (Bakelite) * Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement, Baker–Venkataraman transformation * Baldwin's rules * Bally–Scholl synthesis * Balz–Schiemann reaction * Bamberger rearrangement * Bamberger triazine synthesis * Bamford–Stevens reaction * Barbier reaction * Barbier–Wieland degradation * Bardhan–Sengupta phenanthrene synthesis *

Barfoed's test Barfoed's test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of monosaccharides. It is based on the reduction of copper(II) acetate to copper(I) oxide (Cu2O), which forms a brick-red precipitate. ::RCHO + 2Cu2+ + 2H2O → RCOOH + Cu2O↓ ...

* Bargellini reaction * Bartoli indole synthesis, Bartoli reaction * Barton decarboxylation * Barton reaction * Barton–Kellogg reaction * Barton–McCombie reaction, Barton deoxygenation * Barton-Zard Synthesis * Barton vinyl iodine procedure * Baudisch reaction * Bayer test * Baylis–Hillman reaction *

Bechamp reaction In organic synthesis the Béchamp reaction is used for producing arsonic acids from activated aromatic substrates. The reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution, using arsenic acid as the electrophile. The reaction proceeds according t ...

* Bechamp reduction * Beckmann fragmentation *

Beckmann rearrangement The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), is a rearrangement reaction, rearrangement of an oxime functional group to substituted amides. The rearrangement has also been successfully performed on ...

* Bellus–Claisen rearrangement * Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction * Benary reaction * Benedict's reagent * Benkeser reaction *

Benzidine rearrangement Benzidine ( trivial name), also called 1,1'- biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (systematic name), is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4NH2)2. It is an aromatic amine. It is a component of a test for cyanide. Related derivatives are used in the pro ...

* Benzilic acid rearrangement *

Benzoin condensation In organic chemistry, the benzoin addition is an addition reaction involving two aldehydes (). The reaction generally occurs between aromatic compound, aromatic aldehydes or glyoxals (), and results in formation of an acyloin (). In the classic ex ...

Bergman cyclization The Masamune-Bergman cyclization or Masamune-Bergman reaction or Masamune-Bergman cycloaromatization is an organic reaction and more specifically a rearrangement reaction taking place when an enediyne is heated in presence of a suitable hydrogen ...

* Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis * Bergmann degradation * Bergmann–Zervas carbobenzoxy method * Bernthsen acridine synthesis * Bestmann's reagent * Betti reaction * Biginelli pyrimidine synthesis * Biginelli reaction * Bingel reaction *

Birch reduction The Birch reduction or Metal-Ammonia reduction is an organic reaction that is used to convert arenes to Cyclohexa-1,4-diene, 1,4-cyclohexadienes. The reaction is named after the Australian chemist Arthur Birch (organic chemist), Arthur Birch and i ...

* Bischler–Möhlau indole synthesis *

Bischler–Napieralski reaction The Bischler–Napieralski reaction is an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that allows for the cyclization of β-arylethylamides or β-arylethylcarbamates. It was first discovered in 1893 by August Bischler and , in affi ...

* Biuret test *

Blaise ketone synthesis The Blaise ketone synthesis (named after Edmond Blaise) is the chemical reaction of acid chlorides with organozinc compounds to give ketones. The reaction was claimed to bring excellent yields by Blaise, however, investigators failed to obtain b ...

Blaise reaction The Blaise reaction is an organic reaction that forms a β-ketoester from the reaction of zinc metal with an α-bromoester and a nitrile. The reaction was first reported by Edmond Blaise (1872–1939) in 1901. The final intermediate is a metaloimi ...

* Blanc reaction *

Blanc chloromethylation The Blanc chloromethylation (also called the Blanc reaction) is the chemical reaction of aromatic rings with formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride to form chloromethyl arenes. The reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids such as zinc chloride. The reac ...

* Blum–Ittah aziridine synthesis * Bodroux reaction * Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis * Bogert–Cook synthesis * Bohlmann-Rahtz pyridine synthesis * Bohn–Schmidt reaction * Boord olefin synthesis * Borodin reaction * Borsche–Drechsel cyclization * Bosch–Meiser urea process * Bosch reaction * Bouveault aldehyde synthesis * Bouveault–Blanc reduction * Boyland–Sims oxidation * Boyer Reaction * Bredt's rule * Brook rearrangement * Brown hydroboration * Bucherer carbazole synthesis * Bucherer reaction *

Bucherer–Bergs reaction The Bucherer–Bergs reaction is the chemical reaction of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) or cyanohydrins with ammonium carbonate and potassium cyanide to give hydantoins. The reaction is named after Hans Theodor Bucherer. Reaction me ...

* Buchner ring enlargement * Büchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction * Buchwald–Hartwig amination * Bunnett reaction * Burgess reagent

C

* Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling * Cadogan-Sundberg indole synthesis * Camps quinoline synthesis *

Cannizzaro reaction The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction which involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to give a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid. ...

* Carbohydrate acetalisation * Carbonyl reduction *

Carbonylation In chemistry, carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide (CO) into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemis ...

Carbylamine reaction The carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hoffmann isocyanide synthesis) is the synthesis of an isocyanide by the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform, and base. The conversion involves the intermediacy of dichlorocarbene. Illustrative is ...

* Carroll reaction * Castro–Stephens coupling *

Catalytic reforming Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum naphtha, naphthas from crude oil into liquid products called reformates, which are premium "blending stocks" for high-octane gasoline. The process converts low-octane linear hydr ...

* Catellani Reaction * CBS reduction * Chan–Lam coupling * Chapman rearrangement * Cheletropic reaction * Chichibabin pyridine synthesis * Chichibabin reaction * Chiral pool synthesis * Chugaev elimination * Ciamician–Dennstedt rearrangement * Claisen condensation * Claisen rearrangement * Claisen–Schmidt condensation * Clemmensen reduction *

Collins reagent Collins reagent is the complex of chromium(VI) oxide with pyridine in dichloromethane. This metal-pyridine complex, a red solid, is used to oxidize primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and secondary alcohols to the corresponding ...

* Combes quinoline synthesis * Conia reaction * Conrad–Limpach synthesis * Cook–Heilbron thiazole synthesis * Cope elimination * Cope rearrangement * Corey reagent * Corey–Bakshi–Shibata reduction * Corey–Fuchs reaction * Corey–Gilman–Ganem oxidation * Corey–Kim oxidation * Corey-Nicolaou macrolactonization * Corey–Posner, Whitesides–House reaction * Corey-Seebach reaction * Corey–Winter olefin synthesis * Corey–Winter reaction * Cornforth rearrangement *

Coupling reaction In organic chemistry, a coupling reaction is a type of reaction in which two reactant molecules are bonded together. Such reactions often require the aid of a metal catalyst. In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound o ...

* Crabbé reaction * Craig method * Cram's rule of asymmetric induction * Creighton process * Criegee reaction * Criegee rearrangement * Cross metathesis * Crum Brown–Gibson rule * Curtius degradation * Curtius rearrangement, Curtius reaction * Cyanohydrin reaction

D

* Dakin reaction (aka Dakin oxidation) * Dakin–West reaction * Danheiser annulation * Danheiser benzannulation * Darapsky degradation * Darzens condensation, Darzens–Claisen reaction, Glycidic ester condensation * Darzens halogenation * Darzens synthesis of unsaturated ketones * Darzens tetralin synthesis * Davis' reagent, Davis oxidation * Davis–Beirut reaction * De Kimpe aziridine synthesis *

Dehydration reaction In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of an H2O from the reacting molecule(s) or ion(s). This reaction results in the release of the H2O as water. When the reaction involves the coupling of two molecu ...

* Dehydrogenation * Delépine reaction * DeMayo reaction * Demjanov rearrangement * Demjanow desamination *

Dess–Martin oxidation The Dess–Martin oxidation is an organic reaction for the redox, oxidation of primary Alcohol (chemistry), alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones using Dess–Martin periodinane. It is named after the American chemists Daniel Be ...

* Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition * Diazotisation * DIBAL-H selective reduction *

Dieckmann condensation The Dieckmann condensation is the Intramolecular reaction, intramolecular chemical reaction of ester, diesters with base to give β-keto esters. It is named after the German chemist Walter Dieckmann (1869–1925). The equivalent intermolecular rea ...

* Dieckmann reaction *

Diels–Alder reaction In organic chemistry, the Diels–Alder reaction is a chemical reaction between a Conjugated system, conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the Diels–Alder reaction#The dienophile, dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexe ...

* Diels–Reese reaction * Dienol–benzene rearrangement * Dienone–phenol rearrangement * Dimroth rearrangement *

Di-π-methane rearrangement In organic chemistry, the di-π-methane rearrangement is the Organic photochemistry, photochemical Rearrangement reaction, rearrangement of a molecule that contains two pi bond, π-systems separated by a saturated carbon atom. In the Aliphatic c ...

Directed ortho metalation Directed ortho metalation (DoM) is an adaptation of electrophilic aromatic substitution in which electrophiles attach themselves exclusively to the ortho- position of a direct metalation group or DMG through the intermediary of an aryllithium co ...

* Doebner modification * Doebner reaction * Doebner–Miller reaction, Beyer method for quinolines * Doering–LaFlamme carbon chain extension * Dötz reaction * Dowd–Beckwith ring expansion reaction * Duff reaction * Dutt–Wormall reaction * Dyotropic reaction

E

* E1cB elimination reaction * Eder reaction * Edman degradation * Eglinton reaction * Ehrlich–Sachs reaction * Einhorn variant * Einhorn–Brunner reaction * Elbs persulfate oxidation * Elbs reaction * Electrochemical fluorination * Electrocyclic reaction * Electrophilic halogenation * Electrophilic amination *

Elimination reaction An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 r ...

* Emde degradation * Emmert reaction * Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone-alkylation reaction * Ene reaction * Enyne metathesis *

Epoxidation In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen. This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ...

* Erlenmeyer synthesis, Azlactone synthesis * Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis * Eschenmoser fragmentation * Eschenmoser sulfide contraction * Eschweiler–Clarke reaction * Ester pyrolysis * Ether cleavage * Étard reaction * Evans aldol * Evans–Saksena reduction * Evans–Tishchenko reaction

F

Favorskii reaction The Favorskii reaction is an organic chemistry reaction between an alkyne and a carbonyl group, under basic conditions. The reaction was discovered in the early 1900s by the Russian chemist Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii. When the carbonyl is a ...

Favorskii rearrangement The Favorskii rearrangement is principally a rearrangement of cyclopropanones and α-halo ketones that leads to carboxylic acid derivatives. In the case of cyclic α-halo ketones, the Favorskii rearrangement constitutes a ring contraction. This ...

* Favorskii–Babayan synthesis * Fehling test *

Feist–Benary synthesis The Feist–Benary synthesis is an organic reaction between α-Halo ketone, α-halo ketones and β-carbonyl, dicarbonyl compounds to produce substituted furan compounds. This condensation reaction is catalysis, catalyzed by amines such as ammonia ...

* Fenton reaction * Ferrario reaction * Ferrier carbocyclization * Ferrier rearrangement *

Fétizon oxidation Fétizon oxidation is the oxidation of primary and secondary Alcohol (chemistry), alcohols utilizing the compound Silver carbonate, silver(I) carbonate absorbed onto the surface of celite also known as Fétizon's reagent first employed by Marcel Fé ...

* Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis * Finkelstein reaction *

Fischer indole synthesis The Fischer indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces the aromatic Heterocyclic compound, heterocycle indole from a (substituted) phenylhydrazine and an aldehyde or ketone under acidic conditions. The reaction was discovered in 1883 by ...

* Fischer oxazole synthesis * Fischer peptide synthesis * Fischer phenylhydrazine and oxazone reaction *

Fischer glycosidation Fischer glycosidation (or Fischer glycosylation) refers to the formation of a glycoside by the reaction of an aldose or ketose with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction is named after the German chemist, Emil Fischer, winner ...

* Fischer–Hepp rearrangement *

Fischer–Speier esterification Fischer esterification or Fischer–Speier esterification is a special type of esterification by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction was first described by Emil Fischer ...

* Fischer Tropsch synthesis * Fleming–Tamao oxidation * Flood reaction * Folin–Ciocalteu reagent * Formox process * Forster reaction * Forster–Decker method * Fowler process * Franchimont reaction * Frankland synthesis * Frankland–Duppa reaction * Fráter–Seebach alkylation * Free radical halogenation * Freund reaction * Friedel–Crafts acylation * Friedel–Crafts alkylation * Friedländer synthesis * Fries rearrangement * Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement * Fujimoto–Belleau reaction * Fujiwara–Moritani reaction * Fukuyama coupling * Fukuyama indole synthesis * Fukuyama reduction

G

* Gabriel ethylenimine method * Gabriel synthesis * Gabriel–Colman rearrangement, Gabriel isoquinoline synthesis * Gallagher–Hollander degradation * Gassman indole synthesis * Gastaldi synthesis * Gattermann aldehyde synthesis * Gattermann Koch reaction * Gattermann reaction * Geminal halide hydrolysis * Gewald reaction * Gibbs phthalic anhydride process *

Gilman reagent A Gilman reagent is a diorganocopper compound with the formula Li uR2 where R is an alkyl or aryl. They are colorless solids. Use in organic chemistry These reagents are useful because, unlike related Grignard reagents and organolithium reage ...

* Glaser coupling * Glycol cleavage *Goldberg reaction * Gomberg–Bachmann reaction * Gomberg–Bachmann–Hey reaction * Gomberg radical reaction * Gould–Jacobs reaction * Graebe–Ullmann synthesis * Grignard degradation * Griesbaum coozonolysis * Grignard reaction *

Grob fragmentation A Grob fragmentation is an elimination reaction that breaks a neutral aliphatic chain into three fragments: a cation, positive ion spanning atoms 1 and 2 (the "electrofuge"), an unsaturated hydrocarbon, unsaturated neutral fragment spanning positio ...

Grubbs' catalyst Grubbs catalysts are a series of transition metal carbene complexes used as catalysts for olefin metathesis. They are named after Robert H. Grubbs, the chemist who supervised their synthesis. Several generations of the catalyst have also been develo ...

in Olefin metathesis * Grundmann aldehyde synthesis * Gryszkiewicz–Trochimowski and McCombie method * Guareschi–Thorpe condensation * Guerbet reaction * Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis

H

* Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction * Haller–Bauer reaction * Haloform reaction *

Halogen addition reaction A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is: :C=C + X2 → X−C−C ...

* Halohydrin formation reaction * Hammick reaction * Hammond principle or Hammond postulate * Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis * Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis, Hantzsch pyridine synthesis * Hantzsch pyridine synthesis, Gattermann–Skita synthesis, Guareschi–Thorpe condensation, Knoevenagel–Fries modification * Hantzsch–Collidin synthesis * Harries ozonolysis * Haworth methylation * Haworth Synthesis * Hay coupling * Hayashi rearrangement * Heck reaction * Hegedus indole synthesis * Helferich method * Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation * Hemetsberger indole synthesis * Hemetsberger–Knittel synthesis * Henkel reaction, Raecke process, Henkel process * Henry reaction, Kamlet reaction * Herz reaction, Herz compounds * Herzig–Meyer alkimide group determination * Heumann indigo synthesis * Hiyama coupling * Hydration reaction * Hydroamination *

Hydrodesulfurization Hydrodesulfurization (HDS), also called hydrotreatment or hydrotreating, is a catalytic chemical process widely used to desulfurization, remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from oil refinery, refined petroleum products, such as gasoline, g ...

Hydrogenolysis Hydrogenolysis is a chemical reaction whereby a carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom single bond is cleaved or undergoes lysis (breakdown) by hydrogen.Ralph Connor, Homer Adkins. Hydrogenolysis Of Oxygenated Organic Compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. ...

* Hydrosilylation * Hinsberg indole synthesis * Hinsberg oxindole synthesis *

Hinsberg reaction The Hinsberg reaction is a chemical test for the detection of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. The reaction was first described by Oscar Hinsberg in 1890. In this test, the amine is shaken well with the Hinsberg reagent ( benzenesulfonyl ch ...

* Hinsberg separation * Hinsberg sulfone synthesis * Hirao coupling * Hoch–Campbell ethylenimine synthesis * Hock rearrangement * Hofmann bromamide reaction * Hofmann degradation, Exhaustive methylation * Hofmann elimination * Hofmann Isonitrile synthesis,

* Hofmann product * Hofmann rearrangement * Hofmann–Löffler reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction * Hofmann–Martius rearrangement * Hofmann's rule * Hofmann–Sand reaction * Homo rearrangement of steroids * Hooker reaction * Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction * Hoesch reaction * Hosomi–Sakurai reaction * Houben–Fischer synthesis * Hudlicky fluorination * Huisgen cycloaddition * Hunsdiecker reaction, Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction * Hurd-Mori 1,2,3-thiadiazole synthesis *Hurtley reaction * Hydroboration * Hydrocarbon cracking *

Hydrohalogenation A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. : If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different ...

I

* Indium mediated allylation * Ing–Manske procedure * Ipso substitution * Ireland–Claisen rearrangement * Isay reaction * Ishikawa reagent * ''trans-cis'' isomerism * Ivanov reagent, Ivanov reaction

J

* Jacobsen epoxidation * Jacobsen rearrangement * Janovsky reaction * Japp–Klingemann reaction * Japp–Maitland condensation * Jocic reaction * Johnson–Claisen rearrangement * Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction * Jones oxidation * Jordan–Ullmann–Goldberg synthesis * Julia olefination, Julia–Lythgoe olefination

K

* Kabachnik–Fields reaction * Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction * Keck asymmetric allylation * Ketimine Mannich reaction * Ketone halogenation * Kiliani–Fischer synthesis * Kindler reaction * Kishner cyclopropane synthesis * Knoevenagel condensation * Knorr pyrazole synthesis * Knorr pyrrole synthesis * Knorr quinoline synthesis * Koch–Haaf reaction * Kochi reaction * Koenigs–Knorr reaction * Kolbe electrolysis *

Kolbe nitrile synthesis The Kolbe nitrile synthesis is a method for the preparation of alkyl nitriles by reaction of the corresponding organohalide, alkyl halide with a metal cyanide. A side product for this reaction is the formation of an isonitrile because the cyanide i ...

* Kolbe–Schmitt reaction * Kornblum oxidation *

Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement The Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry in which a primary or secondary organic peroxide is converted to the corresponding ketone and alcohol under acid or base catalysis. The reaction is relevant as a ...

* Kostanecki acylation * Kowalski ester homologation * Krapcho decarboxylation * Krische allylation * Kröhnke aldehyde synthesis * Kröhnke oxidation * Kröhnke pyridine synthesis * Kucherov reaction * Kuhn–Winterstein reaction * Kulinkovich reaction *

Kumada coupling In organic chemistry, the Kumada coupling is a type of cross coupling reaction, useful for generating carbon–carbon bonds by the reaction of a Grignard reagent and an organic halide. The procedure uses transition metal catalysts, typically ...

L

* Larock indole synthesis *

Lawesson's reagent Lawesson's reagent (LR) is a chemical compound used in organic synthesis as a thiation agent. Lawesson's reagent was first made popular by Sven-Olov Lawesson, who did not, however, invent it. Lawesson's reagent was first made in 1956 during a sy ...

* Lebedev process * Lehmstedt–Tanasescu reaction * Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis * Letts nitrile synthesis * Leuckart reaction * Leuckart thiophenol reaction * Leuckart–Wallach reaction * Leuckart amide synthesis * Levinstein process * Ley oxidation * Lieben iodoform reaction, Haloform reaction * Liebeskind–Srogl coupling * Liebig melamine synthesis * Lindlar catalyst * Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation * Lombardo methylenation * Lossen rearrangement * Lucas' reagent * Luche reduction

M

* Maillard reaction * Madelung synthesis * Malaprade reaction, Periodic acid oxidation * Malonic ester synthesis * Mannich reaction * Markó–Lam deoxygenation *

Markovnikov's rule In organic chemistry, Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule describes the outcome of some addition reactions. The rule was formulated by Russian chemist Vladimir Markovnikov in 1870. Explanation The rule states that with the addition of a ...

, Markownikoff rule, Markownikow rule * Marschalk reaction * Martinet dioxindole synthesis * McDougall monoprotection * McFadyen–Stevens reaction * McMurry reaction * Meerwein arylation * Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction * Meisenheimer rearrangement * Meissenheimer complex *

Menshutkin reaction In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide. Similar reactions occur when tertiary phosphines are treated with alkyl halides. The reaction is the m ...

* Metal-ion-catalyzed σ-bond rearrangement * Mesylation * Merckwald asymmetric synthesis * Metallo-ene reaction *

Methylation Methylation, in the chemistry, chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate (chemistry), substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replac ...

* Meyer and Hartmann reaction * Meyer reaction * Meyer synthesis * Meyer–Schuster rearrangement * Michael addition * Michael addition, Michael system * Michael condensation * Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction * Midland Alpine borane reduction * Mignonac reaction * Milas hydroxylation of olefins * Minisci reaction * Mislow–Evans rearrangement *

Mitsunobu reaction The Mitsunobu reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into a variety of functional groups, such as an ester, using triphenylphosphine and an azodicarboxylate such as diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) or diisopropyl azodicarboxy ...

* Miyaura borylation * Modified Wittig-Claisen tandem reaction *

Molisch's test Molisch's test is a sensitive chemical test, named after Austrian botanist Hans Molisch, for the presence of carbohydrates, based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to produce an aldehyde, which condenses ...

* Mozingo reduction * Mukaiyama aldol addition ( Mukaiyama reaction) * Mukaiyama hydration * Myers' asymmetric alkylation

N

* Nametkin rearrangement *

Narasaka–Prasad reduction The Narasaka–Prasad reduction, sometimes simply called Narasaka reduction, is a diastereoselective reduction (chemistry), reduction of β-hydroxy ketones to the corresponding ''syn''-diol, dialcohols. The reaction employs a boron chelating agent, ...

* Nazarov cyclization reaction * Neber rearrangement *

Nef reaction In organic chemistry, the Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane () to an aldehyde () or a ketone () and nitrous oxide (). The reaction has been the subject of several ...

Negishi coupling The Negishi coupling is a widely employed transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The reaction couples organic halides or triflates with organozinc compounds, forming carbon–carbon bonds (C–C) in the process. A palladium (0) s ...

* Negishi zipper reaction * Nenitzescu indole synthesis * Nenitzescu reductive acylation * Newman–Kwart rearrangement * Nicholas reaction * Niementowski quinazoline synthesis * Niementowski quinoline synthesis * Nierenstein reaction * NIH shift * Ninhydrin test * Nitroaldol reaction * Nitrone-olefin 3+2 cycloaddition * Normant reagents * Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation * Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction *

Nucleophilic acyl substitution In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group () or hydrogen in the case of formyl group ( ...

O

* Ohira–Bestmann reaction * Olah reagent * Olefin metathesis *

Oppenauer oxidation Oppenauer oxidation, named after , is a gentle method for selectively oxidizing secondary alcohols to ketones. The reaction is the opposite Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction. The alcohol is oxidized with aluminium isopropoxide in excess ...

*Orton rearrangement * Ostromyslenskii reaction, Ostromisslenskii reaction * Overman rearrangement * Oxidative decarboxylation * Oxo synthesis * Oxy-Cope rearrangement * Oxymercuration * Oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds *

Ozonolysis In organic chemistry, ozonolysis is an organic reaction where the Saturated and unsaturated compounds, unsaturated bonds are Bond cleavage, cleaved with ozone (). Multiple carbon–carbon bond are replaced by carbonyl () groups, such as aldehydes ...

P

* Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis * Paal–Knorr synthesis * Paneth technique * Passerini reaction * Paternò–Büchi reaction * Pauson–Khand reaction * Payne rearrangement * Pechmann condensation * Pechmann pyrazole synthesis *

Pellizzari reaction The Pellizzari reaction was discovered in 1911 by Guido Pellizzari, and is the organic reaction of an amide and a hydrazide to form a 1,2,4-triazole. The product is similar to that of the Einhorn-Brunner reaction, but the mechanism itself is not ...

* Pelouze synthesis *

Peptide synthesis In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds. Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl ...

* Perkin alicyclic synthesis * Perkin reaction * Perkin rearrangement * Perkow reaction * Petasis reaction *

Petasis reagent The Petasis reagent, named after Nicos A. Petasis, is an organotitanium compound with the formula Cp2Ti(CH3)2. It is an orange-colored solid. Preparation and use The Petasis reagent is prepared by the salt metathesis reaction of methylmagnesiu ...

* Peterson olefination * Peterson reaction * Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis * Pfau–Plattner azulene synthesis * Pfitzinger reaction * Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation * Phosphonium coupling *

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis ( ) is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabo ...

* Piancatelli rearrangement * Pictet–Gams isoquinoline synthesis *

Pictet–Hubert reaction Phenanthridine is a nitrogen heterocyclic compound with the formula . It is a colorless solid, although impure samples can be brownish. It is a precursor to DNA-binding fluorescent dyes through Intercalation (biochemistry), intercalation. Examp ...

* Pictet–Spengler tetrahydroisoquinoline synthesis * Pictet–Spengler reaction * Piloty–Robinson pyrrole synthesis * Pinacol coupling reaction * Pinacol rearrangement * Pinner amidine synthesis * Pinner method for ortho esters * Pinner reaction * Pinner triazine synthesis * Pinnick oxidation *

Piria reaction Piria may refer to: * Piria, a village in the commune Argetoaia Argetoaia is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europ ...

* Polonovski reaction * Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction * Ponzio reaction * Prato reaction * Prelog strain * Prevost reaction * Prileschajew reaction *

Prilezhaev reaction The Prilezhaev reaction, also known as the Prileschajew reaction or Prilezhaev epoxidation, is the chemical reaction of an alkene with a peroxy acid to form epoxides. It is named after Nikolai Prilezhaev, who first reported this reaction in 1909 ...

* Prins reaction * Prinzbach synthesis *

Protecting group A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction. It plays an important role in multistep organic synthesis. In man ...

* Pschorr reaction * Pummerer rearrangement * Purdie methylation, Irvine–Purdie methylation *

PUREX PUREX (plutonium uranium reduction extraction) is a chemical method used to purify fuel for nuclear reactors or nuclear weapons. It is based on liquid–liquid extraction ion-exchange. PUREX is the '' de facto'' standard aqueous nuclear reproc ...

Q

* Quelet reaction

R

* Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction *

Raney nickel Raney nickel , also called spongy nickel, is a fine-grained solid composed mostly of nickel derived from a nickel–aluminium alloy. Several grades are known, of which most are gray solids. Some are pyrophoric, but most are used as air-stable s ...

* Rap–Stoermer condensation * Raschig phenol process * Rauhut–Currier reaction * Racemization * Reductive amination * Reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones *

Reed reaction The Reed reaction is a chemical reaction that utilizes light to oxidize hydrocarbons to alkyl sulfonyl chlorides. This reaction is employed in modifying polyethylene to give chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), which is noted for its toughness. ...

* Reformatskii reaction, Reformatsky reaction * Reilly–Hickinbottom rearrangement * Reimer–Tiemann reaction * Reissert indole synthesis * Reissert reaction, Reissert compound * Reppe synthesis * Retropinacol rearrangement * Rieche formylation * Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis * Riley oxidations * Ring closing metathesis * Ring opening metathesis *

Ritter reaction The Ritter reaction (sometimes called the Ritter amidation) is a chemical reaction that transforms a nitrile into an ''N''-alkyl amide using various electrophilic alkylating reagents. The original reaction formed the alkylation, alkylating agent u ...

Robinson annulation The Robinson annulation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for ring formation. It was discovered by Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Robert Robinson in 1935 as a method to create a six membered ring by forming three new carbon–c ...

* Robinson–Gabriel synthesis * Robinson Schopf reaction * Rosenmund reaction * Rosenmund reduction * Rosenmund–von Braun synthesis * Roskamp reaction * Rothemund reaction * Rupe rearrangement * Rubottom oxidation * Ruff–Fenton degradation * Ruzicka large-ring synthesis

S

* Saegusa–Ito oxidation * Sakurai reaction * Salol reaction * Sandheimer * Sandmeyer diphenylurea isatin synthesis * Sandmeyer isonitrosoacetanilide isatin synthesis * Sandmeyer reaction * Sanger reagent *

Saponification Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and Alcohol (chemistry), alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the ...

* Sarett oxidation * Schiemann reaction * Schiff reaction *

Schiff test : The Schiff test is an early organic chemistry named reaction developed by Hugo Schiff, and is a relatively general chemical test for detection of many organic aldehydes that has also found use in the staining of biological tissues. The Schiff ...

Schlenk equilibrium The Schlenk equilibrium, named after its discoverer Wilhelm Schlenk, is a chemical equilibrium taking place in solutions of Grignard reagents and Hauser bases :2 RMgX MgX2 + MgR2 The process described is an equilibrium between two equivalents o ...

* Schlosser modification * Schlosser variant * Schmidlin ketene synthesis * Schmidt degradation * Schmidt reaction * Scholl reaction * Schorigin Shorygin reaction, Shorygin reaction, Wanklyn reaction * Schotten–Baumann reaction *

Seliwanoff's test Seliwanoff’s test is a chemical test which distinguishes between aldose and ketose sugars. If the sugar contains a ketone group, it is a ketose. If a sugar contains an aldehyde group, it is an aldose. This test relies on the principle that, whe ...

* Semidine rearrangement * Semmler–Wolff reaction * Seyferth–Gilbert homologation * Shapiro reaction *

Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (also called the Sharpless bishydroxylation) is the chemical reaction of an alkene with osmium tetroxide in the presence of a chirality (chemistry), chiral quinine ligand to form a Vicinal (chemistry), vicinal ...

* Sharpless epoxidation *

Sharpless oxyamination The Sharpless oxyamination (often known as Sharpless aminohydroxylation) is the chemical reaction that converts an alkene to a vicinal amino alcohol. The reaction is related to the Sharpless dihydroxylation, which converts alkenes to vicinal diol ...

or aminohydroxylation * Shenck ene reaction * Shi epoxidation * Shiina esterification * Shiina macrolactonization or Shiina lactonization * Sigmatropic reaction *

Simmons–Smith reaction The Simmons–Smith reaction is an organic cheletropic reaction involving an organozinc carbenoid that reacts with an alkene (or alkyne) to form a cyclopropane. It is named after Howard Ensign Simmons, Jr. and Ronald D. Smith. It uses a me ...

* Simonini reaction * Simonis chromone cyclization * Simons process * Skraup chinolin synthesis * Skraup reaction * Smiles rearrangement * S_NAr nucleophilic aromatic substitution * S_N1 * S_N2 * S_Ni *

Solvolysis In chemistry, solvolysis is a type of nucleophilic substitution (S1/S2) or elimination reaction, elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. Characteristic of S1 reactions, solvolysis of a chirality (chemistry), chiral reactant affor ...

* Sommelet reaction * Sonn–Müller method *

Sonogashira coupling The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds. It employs a palladium catalyst as well as copper co-catalyst to form a carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vi ...

* Sørensen formol titration * Staedel–Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis * Stahl oxidation * Staudinger reaction * Staudinger synthesis * Steglich esterification * Stephen aldehyde synthesis *Stephens-Castro coupling * Stetter reaction * Stevens rearrangement * Stieglitz rearrangement *

Stille coupling The Stille reaction is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis. The reaction involves the coupling of two organic groups, one of which is carried as an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes). A variety of organic electrop ...

* Stobbe condensation * Stollé synthesis * Stork acylation * Stork enamine alkylation * Strecker amino acid synthesis * Strecker degradation * Strecker sulfite alkylation * Strecker synthesis * Stereocontrolled 1,2-addition to carbonyl groups * Suzuki coupling * Swain equation * Swarts reaction * Swern oxidation

T

* Tamao oxidation * Tafel rearrangement * Takai olefination * Tebbe olefination * ter Meer reaction * Thiele reaction * Thiol-yne reaction * Thorpe reaction * Tiemann rearrangement * Tiffeneau ring enlargement reaction * Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement * Tischtschenko reaction *

Tishchenko reaction The Tishchenko reaction is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alk ...

, Tishchenko–Claisen reaction * Tollens reagent *

Transfer hydrogenation In chemistry, transfer hydrogenation is a chemical reaction involving the addition of hydrogen to a compound from a source other than molecular . It is applied in laboratory and industrial organic synthesis to saturate organic compounds and re ...

* Trapp mixture *

Transesterification Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic functional group R″ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst. Strong acids catalyze the r ...

*Traube purine synthesis *Truce–Smiles rearrangement *Tscherniac–Einhorn reaction *Tschitschibabin reaction *Chugaev reaction, Tschugajeff reaction *Tsuji–Trost reaction *Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation reaction *Twitchell process *Tyrer sulfonation process

U

*Ugi reaction *Ullmann reaction *Upjohn dihydroxylation *Urech cyanohydrin method *Urech hydantoin synthesis

V

*Van Leusen reaction *Van Slyke determination *Varrentrapp reaction *Vilsmeier reaction *Vilsmeier–Haack reaction *Voight amination *Volhard–Erdmann cyclization *von Braun amide degradation *von Braun reaction *von Richter cinnoline synthesis *von Richter reaction

W

*Wacker–Tsuji oxidation *Wagner-Jauregg reaction *Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement *Waits–Scheffer epoxidation *Walden inversion *Wallach rearrangement *Weerman degradation *Weinreb ketone synthesis *Wenker ring closure *Wenker synthesis *Wessely–Moser rearrangement *Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement *Wharton reaction *Whiting reaction *Wichterle reaction *Widman–Stoermer synthesis *Wilkinson catalyst *Willgerodt rearrangement *Willgerodt–Kindler reaction *Williamson ether synthesis *Winstein reaction *Wittig reaction *Wittig rearrangement: ** 1,2-Wittig rearrangement ** 2,3-Wittig rearrangement *Wittig–Horner reaction *Wohl degradation *Wohl–Aue reaction *Wohler synthesis *Wohl–Ziegler reaction *Wolffenstein–Böters reaction *Wolff rearrangement *Wolff–Kishner reduction *Woodward cis-hydroxylation *Woodward–Hoffmann rule *Wulff–Dötz reaction *Wurtz coupling, Wurtz reaction *Wurtz–Fittig reaction

Y

*Purine, Yamada–Okamoto purine synthesis *Yamaguchi esterification

Z

*Zaitsev's rule *Zeisel determination *Zerevitinov determination, Zerewitinoff determination *Ziegler condensation *Ziegler method *Zimmermann reaction *Zincke disulfide cleavage *Zincke nitration *Zincke reaction *Zincke–Suhl reaction *Zinin reduction

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Organic reactions Chemistry-related lists de:Liste von Reaktionen in der organischen Chemie

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See also

References