List Of National Leaders
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This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in
presidential system A presidential, strong-president, or single-executive system (sometimes also congressional system) is a form of government in which a head of government (usually titled " president") heads an executive branch that derives its authority and l ...
s, one leader is
head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
and
head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
. In other cases, mainly in
semi-presidential A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state. It differs from a parliamen ...
and
parliamentary system A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a form of government where the head of government (chief executive) derives their Election, democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of a majority of t ...
s, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e.
executive Executive ( exe., exec., execu.) may refer to: Role or title * Executive, a senior management role in an organization ** Chief executive officer (CEO), one of the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators ** Executive dir ...
) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state. In
one-party state A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system. In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or en ...
s, the
ruling party The ruling party or governing party in a democratic parliamentary or presidential system is the political party or coalition holding a majority of elected positions in a parliament, in the case of parliamentary systems, or holding the executive ...
's leader (e.g. the
General Secretary Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...
) is usually the ''de facto'' top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In
Andorra Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a Sovereignty, sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in Southwestern Europe, Andorra–France border, bordered by France to the north and Spain to A ...
,
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, and
Vatican City Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (; ), is a Landlocked country, landlocked sovereign state and city-state; it is enclaved within Rome, the capital city of Italy and Bishop of Rome, seat of the Catholic Church. It became inde ...
(
Holy See The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...
), a
clergy Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the ter ...
member also acts as the head of state. In Andorra, this is the Bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the
Supreme Leader A supreme leader or supreme ruler typically refers to powerful figures with an unchallenged authority, such as autocrats, dictators to spiritual and revolutionary leaders. Historic examples are Adolf Hitler () of Nazi Germany, Francisco ...
; and in Vatican City, this is the
Pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...
. The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a
government-in-exile A government-in-exile (GiE) is a political group that claims to be the legitimate government of a sovereign state or semi-sovereign state, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile usu ...
if internationally recognised.


Member and observer states of the United Nations

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State State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
!
Head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
!
Head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
, - ! scope="row" , , , , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Bajram Begaj Bajram Begaj (born 20 March 1967) is an Albanian politician and military officer who has been President of Albania since 2022. Having had a long career in the Albanian army, he served as the 26th Chief of General Staff of the Albanian Armed Fo ...
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Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Nadir Larbaoui Nadir Larbaoui (; born 26 September 1949) is an Algerian politician, lawyer and diplomat, serving as the Prime Minister of Algeria since November 2023. Early life In his youth, Larbaoui was an athlete on Algeria men's national handball team. ...
, - ! scope="row" , , Episcopal Co-Prince – Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat

French Co-Prince –
Emmanuel Macron Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (; born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has served as President of France and Co-Prince of Andorra since 2017. He was Ministry of Economy and Finance (France), Minister of Economics, Industr ...

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King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

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President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Vahagn Khachaturyan Vahagn Garniki Khachaturyan (, ; born 22 April 1959) is an Armenian economist and politician who has served as the fifth and current president of Armenia since 2022 Armenian presidential election, 2022. He previously served as mayor of Yerevan fr ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

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President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Alexander Van der Bellen Alexander "Sascha" Van der Bellen (; born 18 January 1944), also referred to by the abbreviation VdB, is an Austrian politician serving as the president of Austria since 2017. He previously served as a professor of economics at the University ...
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Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Ali Asadov Ali Hidayat oghlu Asadov (; born 30 November 1956) is an Azerbaijani politician serving as the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan following his appointment to the post on 8 October 2019 by president Ilham Aliyev. Early life Ali Asadov was born on ...
, - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

, , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Prince
Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (born 21 October 1969) is Crown Prince and Prime Minister of Bahrain. He is also the deputy supreme commander of the Bahrain Defence Force. Early life and education Prince Salman is the eldest son of King ...
, - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Mohammed Shahabuddin Mohammed Shahabuddin (born 10 December 1949) is a Bangladeshi jurist, journalist, civil servant and politician who has served as the 16th and current president of Bangladesh since 2023. He was elected unopposed in the 2023 Bangladeshi president ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Dame
Sandra Mason Dame Sandra Prunella Mason (born 17 January 1949) is a Barbadian politician, lawyer, and diplomat who is serving as the first president of Barbados since 2021. She was previously the eighth and final governor-general of Barbados from 2018 to 2 ...
, , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Aleksandr Turchin Alexander Genrikhovich Turchin (, ; born 2 July 1975) is a Belarusian politician serving as the 11th prime minister of Belarus since 10 March 2025. He was previously the chairman of the executive committee of Minsk Region from 3 December 2019 a ...
, - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 – Philippe , , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (born 21 February 1980) is the fifth Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King) of Bhutan. His reign began in 2006 after his father Jigme Singye Wangchuck abdicated the throne. A public coronation ceremony was held on 6 November ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! rowspan="3" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - , , rowspan="2", Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers –
Borjana Krišto Borjana Krišto (; born 13 August 1961) is a Bosnian Croat politician serving as Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina since January 2023. She previously served as the 8th president of the Federation of Bosnia and He ...
, - , colspan="1" align="center", , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Rumen Radev Rumen Georgiev Radev (, born 18 June 1963) is a Bulgarian politician and former major general who has been the President of Bulgaria since 2017. Radev previously served as higher commander of the Bulgarian Air Force. He won the 2016 Bulgarian p ...
, , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - , , , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Gervais Ndirakobuca , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Norodom Sihamoni Norodom Sihamoni (, ; born 14 May 1953) is King of Cambodia. He became King on 14 October 2004, a week after the abdication of his father, Norodom Sihanouk. He is the eldest son of King Sihanouk and former Queen consort Norodom Monineath and ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Joseph Ngute Joseph Dion Ngute (born 12 March 1954) is a Cameroonian jurist and politician serving as the List of Prime Ministers of Cameroon, 9th Prime Minister of Cameroon, prime minister of Cameroon, following his appointment in January 2019. He succeede ...
, - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – José Maria Neves , , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Félix Moloua Félix Moloua (born 1 June 1957) is a Central African politician who has served as the Prime Minister of the Central African Republic since 7 February 2022. He was the previous minister of planning, economy and cooperation of the Central Afric ...
, - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Allamaye Halina , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Xi Jinping ,
Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of govern ...
 –
Li Qiang Li Qiang (; born July 1959) is a Chinese politician who has been serving as the eighth and current premier of China since March 2023. He has been elevated to the second-ranking member on the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist ...
, - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Judith Suminwa Judith Suminwa Tuluka (born 19 October 1967) is a Congolese politician who is serving as prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 12 June 2024. She was nominated for the position by President Félix Tshisekedi on 1 April 202 ...
, - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Anatole Collinet Makosso , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Zoran Milanović Zoran Milanović (; born 30 October 1966) is a Croatia, Croatian politician and the incumbent president of Croatia. First elected in 2020, he was re-elected in 2025 with 74% voter support. Prior to assuming the presidency, he was the prime min ...
, , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Miguel Díaz-Canel ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Manuel Marrero Cruz Manuel Marrero Cruz (born 11 July 1963) is a Cuban politician currently serving as the Prime Minister of Cuba, and the first since re-establishment of the office of Prime Minister in December 2019 after the 43-year abolition of the position dat ...
, - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Petr Pavel Petr Pavel (; born 1 November 1961) is a Czech politician and retired army general, currently serving as the president of the Czech Republic since March 2023. Prior to this, he held the position of Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 2 ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Frederik X Frederik X (Frederik André Henrik Christian, ; born 26 May 1968) is King of Denmark. He acceded to the throne following Abdication of Margrethe II, his mother's abdication in 2024. Frederik is the eldest son of Margrethe II and Prince Henri ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Sylvanie Burton Sylvanie Burton is a politician from Dominica who has served as the president of Dominica since 2023, after being elected in the 2023 Dominican presidential election. She is the first woman and first Indigenous (Kalinago) president of Dominica ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Mostafa Madbouly Mostafa Kamal Madbouly (born 28 April 1966) is an Egyptian politician who serves as the 54th and current Prime Minister of Egypt. He was appointed by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to succeed Sherif Ismail following his government's resignation i ...
, - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Alar Karis Alar Karis (; born 26 March 1958) is an Estonian molecular geneticist, developmental biologist, civil servant and politician who, since 11 October 2021, has served as the sixth president of Estonia. Prior to presidency Karis was born in Tar ...
, , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , , rowspan="2",
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Russell Dlamini Russell Mmiso Dlamini (born 23 October 1973) is a Liswati politician. He has been serving as Prime Minister of Eswatini since 7 November 2023. Early life and education Russell Mmiso Dlamini was born in Manzini, Eswatini (then known as Swaz ...
, - ,
Ndlovukati Ndlovukati (, pl. ''tiNdlovukati''; also spelled Indlovukazi) is the siSwati language, siSwati title for the female monarch of Eswatini. The title is given preferentially to the mother of the reigning List of Kings of Swaziland, king (styled the ...
 – Ntfombi , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Taye Atske Selassie , , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Ratu
Naiqama Lalabalavu ''Ratu'' Naiqama Tawakecolati Lalabalavu, MBE (; born 23 December 1953) is a Fijian Paramount Chief and the current President of Fiji. He has served as the leader of the opposition and as Speaker of the Parliament of Fiji. On 31 October 2024 ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Alexander Stubb Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (, born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician who has been the 13th president of Finland since 2024. He previously served as Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. Rising in politics as a researcher specialis ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , , , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Mikheil Kavelashvili Mikheil Kavelashvili ( ka, მიხეილ ყაველაშვილი ; born 22 July 1971) is a Georgian politician and former professional footballer who was sworn in as the sixth president of Georgia on 29 December 2024. His electio ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Frank-Walter Steinmeier Frank-Walter Steinmeier (; born 5 January 1956) is a German politician who has served as President of Germany since 2017. He was previously Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany), federal minister for foreign affairs from 2005 to 2009 and again f ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Konstantinos Tasoulas Konstantinos Tasoulas (; born 17 July 1959) is a Greek politician and lawyer who has served as the President of Greece since 2025. He previously served as President of the Hellenic Parliament from 2019 to 2025. A member of the New Democracy pa ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Bah Oury Bah Oury (born 1958) is a Guinean politician who serves as the prime minister of Guinea, having been appointed after interim prime minister Bernard Goumou became "unavailable for health reasons". Oury was appointed to serve as Prime Minister ...
, - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Rui Duarte de Barros Rui Duarte de Barros (born 1959 or 1960) is a Bissau-Guinean economist and politician who has served as the prime minister of Guinea-Bissau since 17 January 2024. His previous positions include being the Minister of Economy and Finance, as well ...
, - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Mark Phillips Mark Anthony Peter Phillips (born 22 September 1948) is an English Olympic gold medal-winning horseman for Great Britain and the first husband of Anne, Princess Royal, with whom he has two children. He remains a leading figure in British equ ...
, - ! scope="row" rowspan="3", , , rowspan="3" , , - , align=center, , - , , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Tamás Sulyok , , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Halla Tómasdóttir , , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Droupadi Murmu Droupadi Murmu (born Durgi Biranchi Tudu; 20 June 1958) is an Indian politician who has been serving as the president of India since 2022. She won the 2022 Indian presidential election, 2022 presidential election as the Bharatiya Janata Party ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Masoud Pezeshkian Masoud Pezeshkian (, ; born 29 September 1954) is an Iranian politician and physician who has been serving as the ninth president of Iran since 28 July 2024. Pezeshkian served as governor of Piranshahr and Naghadeh counties and was elected to ...
, - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Abdul Latif Rashid Abdul Latif Rashid (; born 10 August 1944), also known as Letif Reshid (), is an Iraqi politician serving as the ninth president of Iraq. He was previously the Ministry of Water Resources (Iraq), Minister of Water Resources under the Government o ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Michael D. Higgins Michael Daniel Higgins (; born 18 April 1941) is an Irish politician, poet, broadcaster, and sociologist who has been serving as the president of Ireland since 2011. Entering national politics through the Labour Party, he served as a senator ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Isaac Herzog Isaac "Bougie" Herzog (; born 22 September 1960) is an Israeli politician who has been serving since 2021 as the president of Israel. He is the first president to have been born in Israel after its Declaration of Independence. Son of former Is ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Sergio Mattarella Sergio Mattarella (; born 23 July 1941) is an Italian politician and jurist who has served as the president of Italy since 2015. He is the longest-serving president in the history of the Italian Republic. Since Giorgio Napolitano's death in 20 ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Robert Beugré Mambé , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

, , - ! scope="row" , ,
Emperor The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...
 –
Naruhito Naruhito (born 23 February 1960) is Emperor of Japan. He acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne following 2019 Japanese imperial transition, the abdication of his father, Akihito, on 1 May 2019, beginning the Reiwa era. He is the 126th monarch, ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Jafar Hassan Jafar Hassan (; born 1968) is a Jordanian official who has served as the prime minister of Jordan since 2024. Education He holds a diplôme d'études supérieures and a Ph.D. in Political Sciences and International Economics from the Graduate ...
, - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Oljas Bektenov Oljas Abaiūly Bektenov ( ; born 13 December 1980) is a Kazakh politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, prime minister of Kazakhstan since 2024. Before his premiership, Bektenov held various positions, including deputy cha ...
, - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah , - ! scope="row" , , , Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers –
Adylbek Kasymaliev Adylbek Aleshovich Kasymaliev (born 1 December 1960) is a Kyrgyz politician who has served as the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan since 2024. Previously, he served as the First Deputy Chairman of Kyrgyzstan from 20 June 20 ...
, - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Thongloun Sisoulith ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Sonexay Siphandone Sonexay Siphandone (born 1966) is a Laotian politician who has served as the prime minister of Laos since 30 December 2022. A member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP), he previously served as the deputy prime minister from 2016 to 2 ...
, - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Edgars Rinkēvičs Edgars Rinkēvičs (born 21 September 1973) is a Latvian public official and politician serving as the 11th and current president of Latvia since July 2023. He previously served as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Latvia), minister of foreign af ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Joseph Aoun Joseph Khalil Aoun (; ; born 10 January 1964) is a Lebanese politician and army general who has served as the 14th president of Lebanon since 9 January 2025. He has previously served as the commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces, and is the f ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 – Letsie III , , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
Chairman The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the gro ...
of the Presidential Council –
Mohamed al-Menfi Mohamed Yunus al-Menfi (; born 3 March 1976) is a Libyan diplomat and politician. On 5 February 2021, he was chosen as the president of the Libyan Presidential Council at the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum. Previously, he had served as the Lib ...
, , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , , rowspan="2",
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Brigitte Haas Brigitte Haas (; born 27 December 1964) is a Liechtensteiner lawyer and politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Liechtenstein since 2025. She is the first woman to hold the office. Early life Haas grew up in Schaan and completed an ...
, - , , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Gitanas Nausėda , , - ! scope="row" , ,
Grand Duke Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly: * in ...
 – Henri
, , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Christian Ntsay Christian Louis Ntsay (born 27 March 1961) is a Malagasy politician who is serving as the prime minister of Madagascar since 2018. He was appointed by President Hery Rajaonarimampianina following Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana’s resignation ...
, - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 – Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar , , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , , , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Myriam Spiteri Debono Myriam Spiteri Debono (born 25 October 1952) is a Maltese politician who is the 11th and current President of Malta. She is the first Gozo, Gozitan woman to be elected to the position. She was also the Speaker of the House of Representatives of ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Mokhtar Ould Djay Mokhtar Ould Djay (; born 28 December 1973), also spelled Moctar Ould Diay or Mokhtar Ould Diaye, is a Mauritanian politician serving as the Prime Minister of Mauritania since 2 August 2024. He previously served as Minister of Finance and Min ...
, - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Dharam Gokhool Dharambeer Gokhool (born 25 October 1949) is a Mauritian politician who is the President of Mauritius since 6 December 2024. Early life and education Gokhool was born on 25 October 1949 in the village of Plaine des Roches, Mauritius. He is from t ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , , , , - ! scope="row" , , ,
''Minister of state-designate – Philippe Mettoux'' , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh (; born 14 June 1968), also referred to as Khürelsükh Ukhnaa, is a Mongolian politician who has been the sixth president of Mongolia since 2021. He previously served as the 30th Prime Minister of Mongolia, prime minist ...
, , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Jakov Milatović Jakov Milatović (, ; born 7 December 1986) is a Montenegrin politician and economist who is the incumbent president of Montenegro, serving since May 2023. He previously served as the minister of economic development in the cabinet of Zdravko ...
, , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Aziz Akhannouch Aziz Akhannouch (, ; born 16 August 1961) is a Moroccan politician, businessman, and billionaire who is serving as the 17th Prime Minister of Morocco since 7 October 2021. He is the CEO of Akwa Group and also served as Minister of Agriculture fro ...
, - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Maria Benvinda Levy Maria Benvinda Levy is a Mozambican politician and former judge who is currently serving as the Prime Minister of Mozambique. Career Benvinda Levy was appointed Minister of Justice by President Armando Guebuza on March 11, 2008, succeeding Es ...
, - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Min Aung Hlaing , - ! scope="row" , , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Elijah Ngurare , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! scope="row" , ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Ram Chandra Poudel , , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 – Willem-Alexander , , - ! scope="row" , ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

, , - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - , ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Ali Lamine Zeine Ali Mahamane Lamine Zeine (born 1965) is a Nigerien politician and economist who has served as the prime minister of Niger since 2023. He previously served as minister of the Economy and Finance from 2003 to 2010. Biography Ali Lamine Zeine ...
, - ! scope="row" , , colspan="2" , - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , {{flag, North Korea , colspan="2" {{success, General Secretary of the Workers' Party –
Kim Jong Un Kim Jong Un (born 8 January 1983 or 1984) is a North Korean politician and dictator who has served as supreme leader of North Korea since 2011 and general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) since 2012. He is the third son of Kim ...
, - , President of the State Affairs Commission – Kim Jong Un ,
Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of govern ...
 –
Pak Thae-song Pak Thae-song (, born 14 September 1955) is a North Korean politician. He is a Vice Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea and was the Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly from 2019 to 2023. On 29 December 2024, Pak was appointed Premier of ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, North Macedonia ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova ( born 11 May 1953) is a Macedonian university law professor and jurist serving as the president of North Macedonia since May 2024. She was a candidate for the 2019 presidential elections, losing to Stevo Pendarovski ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Hristijan Mickoski Hristijan Mickoski (, ; born 29 September 1977) is a Macedonian politician and former mechanical engineer, currently serving as Prime Minister of North Macedonia, a position he has held since June 2024. He is also a university professor and the p ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Norway ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Harald V Harald V (, ; born 21 February 1937) has been King of Norway since 1991. A member of the House of Glücksburg, Harald was the third child and only son of King Olav V of Norway and Princess Märtha of Sweden. He was second in the line of succ ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Jonas Gahr Støre Jonas Gahr Støre (; born 25 August 1960) is a Norwegian politician who has served as the prime minister of Norway since 2021. He has been Leader of the Labour Party since 2014. He served under Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg as Minister of ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, O{{flag, Oman , colspan="2" {{success, Sultan and Prime Minister –
Haitham bin Tariq Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said (; born 11 October 1955) is the List of rulers of Oman, Sultan and Prime Minister of Oman. He acceded to the throne in January 2020 after being named successor by his cousin, Qaboos bin Said, Sultan Qaboos bin ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, P{{flag, Pakistan ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Asif Ali Zardari Asif Ali Zardari (born 26 July 1955) is a Pakistani politician serving as the 14th president of Pakistan since 2024, having held the same office from 2008 to 2013. He is the president of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians and was the ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Shehbaz Sharif Mian Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif (born 23 September 1951) is a Pakistani politician and businessman who has served as the 20th Prime Minister of Pakistan, prime minister of Pakistan since March 2024, having previously been in the role between Ap ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Palau , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Surangel Whipps Jr. , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Palestine , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Mahmoud Abbas Mahmoud Abbas (; born 15 November 1935), also known by the Kunya (Arabic), kunya Abu Mazen (, ), is a Palestinian politician who has been serving as the second president of Palestine and the President of the Palestinian National Authority, P ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Mohammad Mustafa , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Panama , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
José Raúl Mulino José Raúl Mulino Quintero (born 13 June 1959) is a Panamanian politician, diplomat and lawyer serving as the 39th president of Panama since 2024. He ran for president in the 2024 Panamanian general election, 2024 Panamanian election, which he ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Papua New Guinea ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="CIIIR"
{{small,
Governor-General Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...
 – Sir
Bob Dadae Sir Bob Bofeng Dadae (born 8 March 1961) is a Papua New Guinean politician currently serving as the tenth governor-general of Papua New Guinea since 2017. Education and early career Dadae was educated at the Ombo Lutheran Agency in Derim and ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
James Marape James Marape (born 24 April 1971) is a Papua New Guinean politician who has served as the prime minister of Papua New Guinea since May 2019. He has been a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea since July 2007, representing the el ...
, - !scope="row" , {{flag, Paraguay , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Santiago Peña Santiago Peña Palacios (; born 16 November 1978) is a Paraguayan politician and economist who is the 52nd and current president of Paraguay since 2023. In addition to his political career, Peña has served on leadership boards for the Central ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Peru , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Dina Boluarte Dina Ercilia Boluarte Zegarra (; born 31 May 1962) is a Peruvian politician, civil servant, and lawyer who has been serving as the 64th president of Peru since 2022. She had served as the Vice President of Peru, first vice president and minister ...
{{efn-ur, name="WeakPM" ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Eduardo Arana Ysa Eduardo Arana Ysa (born 18 October 1965) is a Peruvian politician and lawyer who has served as the prime minister of Peru since May 2025. Previously, he served as the Minister of Justice and Human Rights from September 2023 to May 2025. Educat ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Philippines , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (, , ; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials BBM or PBBM, is a Filipino politician who has served as the 17th president of the Philippines since 2022. He is the second child ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Poland ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Andrzej Duda Andrzej Sebastian Duda (born 16 May 1972) is a Polish lawyer and politician who has served as the sixth president of Poland since 2015. Before becoming president, he served as a Member of the Sejm from 2011 to 2014 and before becoming Member of ...

''President-elect – Karol Nawrocki'' , {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Donald Tusk Donald Franciszek Tusk (born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician and historian who has served as the prime minister of Poland since 2023, previously holding the office from 2007 to 2014. Tusk served as the president of the European Council (20 ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Portugal ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa (; born 12 December 1948) is a Portuguese politician and academic who is the president of Portugal since 2016. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, though he suspended his party membership for the ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Luís Montenegro Luís Filipe Montenegro Cardoso de Morais Esteves (; born 16 February 1973) is a Portuguese politician and lawyer serving as the prime minister of Portugal since April 2024. He is the president of the Social Democratic Party (Portugal), Social De ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, Q{{flag, Qatar , {{success, align=left,
Emir Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person po ...
 – Sheikh
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Tamim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (; born 3 June 1980) is Emir of Qatar, reigning since 2013. Tamim is the fourth son of former emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, born to his second spouse, Moza bint Nasser, Moza bint Nassir. He became heir ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani , - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, R{{flag, Romania , {{operational, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Nicușor Dan Nicușor Daniel Dan (; born 20 December 1969) is a Romanian politician, mathematician, and civic activist serving as the sixth president of Romania since 2025. He previously served as the mayor of Bucharest from 2020 to 2025 and as a member of ...
, {{success, align=left, {{small, Acting
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Cătălin Predoiu Cătălin Marian Predoiu (; born 27 August 1968) is a Romanian politician and lawyer who has been serving as the interim prime minister of Romania since 6 May 2025 following the resignation of Marcel Ciolacu, having previously served in this cap ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Russia , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Minister of Ru ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Mikhail Mishustin Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (born 3 March 1966) is a Russian politician and economist serving as the current prime minister of Russia since 16 January 2020. He previously served as the director of the Federal Taxation Service from 2010 to ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Rwanda , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Paul Kagame Paul Kagame ( ; born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who has been the President of Rwanda since 2000. He was previously a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a rebel armed force which invaded ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Édouard Ngirente Édouard Ngirente (born 22 February 1973) is a Rwandan economist and politician. He serves as the Prime Minister of Rwanda, since 30 August 2017, having been appointed by the President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame. Background and education Édouard N ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, S{{flag, Saint Kitts and Nevis ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="CIIIR"
{{small,
Governor-General Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...
 – Dame
Marcella Liburd Dame Marcella Althea Liburd (born 10 July 1953) is a Kittitian politician who is the fifth governor-general of Saint Kitts and Nevis, serving since 2023. Trained as a teacher and then as a barrister and solicitor, Liburd was the first woman to se ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Terrance Drew Terrance Michael Drew (born 22 November 1976) is a Kittitian medical doctor and politician who is the fourth and current prime minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis, having been elected to the National Assembly in the 5 August 2022 general electio ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Saint Lucia ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="CIIIR"
{{small,
Governor-General Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...
 – Sir
Errol Charles Sir Cyril Errol Melchiades Charles GCMG (born 10 December 1942) is a Saint Lucian politician, who has served as the governor-general of Saint Lucia since 1 November 2024. He previous served as acting governor-general for three years, following ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Philip J. Pierre , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="CIIIR"
{{small,
Governor-General Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...
 – Dame
Susan Dougan Dame Susan Dilys Dougan ( Ryan; born 3 March 1955) is the Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines since 1 August 2019. She is the first woman to hold the office. She was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and S ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Ralph Gonsalves Ralph Everard Gonsalves (born 8 August 1946) is a Vincentian politician who has served as prime minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the leader of the Unity Labour Party (ULP) since 2001.
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Samoa ,
O le Ao o le Malo The Independent State of Samoa ( Samoan for "Chief of the government") is the ceremonial head of state of Samoa. The position is described in Part III of the 1960 Samoan constitution. At the time the constitution was adopted, it was anticipa ...
 – Afioga
Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Eti Sualauvi II (born 29 April 1947) is a Samoan politician who is the current O le Ao o le Malo (head of state) of Samoa, in office since 2017. Biography He is a great-grandson of one of the Mau movement ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa Afioga Fiamē Naomi Mataafa (; born 29 April 1957) is a Samoan politician and High Chief (''Faʻamatai, matai'') who has served as the seventh prime minister of Samoa, Prime Minister of Samoa since 2021. The daughter of Samoa's first Prime Mi ...
, - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , {{flag, San Marino , align="left",
Captain Regent Captains Regent (; ) are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, the country's legislative body. Normally the Regents are chosen from parties in coalition and s ...
 –
Denise Bronzetti Denise Bronzetti (born 12 December 1972) is a San Marino, Sammarinese politician who has been serving as a Captain Regent alongside Italo Righi since 1 April 2025. She has previously held the post from 1 October 2012 to 1 April 2013, with Teodoro ...
, rowspan="2" {{success, align=left, Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs –
Luca Beccari Luca Beccari (born 29 October 1974) is a San Marino, Sammarinese politician current serving as San Marino Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs, Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs since January 2020. He also served as co-Captain Reg ...
, - , align="left", Captain Regent – Italo Righi , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, São Tomé and Príncipe , {{operational, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Carlos Vila Nova , {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Américo Ramos , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Saudi Arabia , {{success, align=left,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Salman Salman may refer to: People * Salman (name), people with the name Places in Iran * Salman, Khuzestan, a village in Khuzestan Province * Salman, alternate name of Deh-e Salman, Lorestan, a village in Lorestan Province * Salman, Razavi Khorasa ...
, {{operational, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Mohammed bin Salman Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud (; born 31 August 1985), also known as MBS or MbS, is the ''de facto'' ruler of the Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, formally serving as Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Crown Prince and Prime Minister of Sa ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Senegal , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Bassirou Diomaye Faye Bassirou Diomaye Diakhar Faye (; born 25 March 1980), commonly known mononymously as Diomaye, is a Senegalese politician and former tax official who is serving as the fifth and current president of Senegal since 2024. He is the general secretary ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Ousmane Sonko Ousmane Sonko (; born 15 July 1974) is a Senegalese politician and former tax official who is serving as the 16th prime minister of Senegal since 2024, and as the leader of PASTEF since the party's foundation in January 2014. Sonko was the PAS ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Serbia , {{operational, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Aleksandar Vučić Aleksandar Vučić, (born 5 March 1970) is a Serbian politician serving as President of Serbia since 2017. A founding member of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), he previously served as President of the SNS from 2012 to 2023, Deputy Prim ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Đuro Macut , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Seychelles , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Wavel Ramkalawan Wavel Ramkalawan (born 15 March 1961) is a Seychellois politician and Anglican priest who has been serving as the President of Seychelles since 26 October 2020. Ramkalawan was an opposition MP from 1993 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. He also served as ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Sierra Leone , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Julius Maada Bio Julius Maada Wonie Bio (born 12 May 1964) is a Sierra Leonean politician and former army officer who has served as the 5th president of Sierra Leone since 4 April 2018. He is a retired brigadier in the Sierra Leone Army and was the military ...
{{efn-ur, name="WeakPM" ,
Chief Minister A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity. Examples include a state (and sometimes a union ter ...
 – David Moinina Sengeh , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Singapore ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Tharman Shanmugaratnam Tharman Shanmugaratnam (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean politician and economist who has been the current and ninth President of Singapore since 2023. Prior to his presidency, Tharman served as Senior Minister of Singapore between ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Lawrence Wong Lawrence Wong Shyun Tsai. In this Chinese name, the Chinese surname, family name is Huang (surname), Wong. In accordance with custom, the Western-style name is Lawrence Wong and the Chinese-style name is Wong Shyun Tsai. (born 18 December 197 ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Slovakia ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Peter Pellegrini Peter Pellegrini (; born 6 October 1975) is a Slovak politician who is serving as the sixth president of Slovakia since 2024. He previously served as prime minister of Slovakia from 2018 to 2020. Pellegrini also served as the Minister of Health, ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Robert Fico Robert Fico (; born 15 September 1964) is a Slovak politician who has served as the prime minister of Slovakia since 2023. He previously served as prime minister from 2006 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2018. He founded the left-wing political party D ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Slovenia ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Nataša Pirc Musar Nataša Pirc Musar (born May 9, 1968) is a Slovenian attorney, author and politician who has served as the 5th President of Slovenia since 2022. She is a former information commissioner, Information Commissioner (2004–2014), a former journalis ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Robert Golob Robert Golob (born 23 January 1967) is a Slovenian businessman and politician, serving as Prime Minister of Slovenia and leader of the Freedom Movement since 2022. Early life and education Golob obtained his PhD in electrical engineering at th ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Solomon Islands ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="CIIIR"
{{small,
Governor-General Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...
 – Sir David Tiva Kapu , {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Jeremiah Manele Jeremiah Manele (born 1968) is a Solomon Island politician serving as Prime Minister of Solomon Islands, prime minister following the 2024 Solomon Islands general election. He is the first prime minister of the country to come from Isabel Provin ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Somalia , {{operational, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (Somali language, Somali: ''Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud''; ; born 29 November 1955) is a Somali politician serving as the president of Somalia since 15 May 2022. He previously held the office from 2012 to 2017. Hassan was previo ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Hamza Abdi Barre Hamza Abdi Barre (, ; born 1972 or 1973) is a Somali politician who has served as the prime minister of Somalia since 2022. He was nominated on 15 June 2022, by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, and he was endorsed by parliament on 25 June 202 ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, South Africa , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Cyril Ramaphosa Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician serving as the 5th and current President of South Africa since 2018. A former Anti-Apartheid Movement, anti-apartheid activist and trade union leade ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, South Korea , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Lee Jae-myung Lee Jae-myung (; born ) is a South Korean politician and lawyer who has served as the 14th president of South Korea since 2025. Lee previously held office as the governor of Gyeonggi Province from 2018 to 2021, as the leader of the Democrati ...
{{efn-ur, name="WeakPM" , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, South Sudan , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Salva Kiir Mayardit Salva Kiir Mayardit (born 13 September 1951), commonly known as Salva Kiir, is a South Sudanese politician who is the President of South Sudan since its independence on 9 July 2011. Prior to independence, he was the List of heads of state of So ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Spain ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Felipe VI Felipe VI (; Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Grecia; born 30 January 1968) is King of Spain. In accordance with the Spanish Constitution, as monarch, he is head of state and commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armed For ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Pedro Sánchez Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón (; born 29 February 1972) is a Spanish politician who has served as Prime Minister of Spain since 2018. He has also been Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) since July 2017, having p ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Sri Lanka , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Anura Kumara Dissanayake Anura Kumara Dissanayake (born 24 November 1968), commonly referred to by his initials AKD, is a Sri Lankan politician who has been the tenth and current president of Sri Lanka since 2024. Dissanayake is the first Sri Lankan president to be ele ...
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Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Harini Amarasuriya Harini Nireka Amarasuriya (born 6 March 1970) is a Sri Lankan sociologist, academic, activist, and politician serving as the 16th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka since 2024. Having spent a decade as an academic at the Open University of Sri Lank ...
, - ! rowspan="3" scope="row" , {{flag, Sudan , {{success, {{small,
Transitional Sovereignty Council The Transitional Sovereignty Council () is the collective head of state of Sudan, formed on 21 August 2019, by the August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. The initial council was dissolved by its Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan in the ...
{{efn-ur, name="SD", The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. While the council was intended to be a unity government incorporating civilian and military elements that used
consensus decision making Consensus decision-making is a group decision-making process in which participants work together to develop proposals for actions that achieve a broad acceptance. Consensus is reached when everyone in the group ''assents'' to a decision (or ...
, Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the
Sudanese Armed Forces The Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF; ) are the military forces of the Republic of the Sudan. The force strength has been estimated at personnel in 2011 (by IISS), 200,000 personnel before the current war in Sudan broke out in 2023 (by the CIA), and ...
, has monopolized power. , rowspan="3",
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Kamil Idris Kamil El-Tayeb Idris Abdelhafiz (; born 26 August 1954) is a Sudanese statesman, scholar, international civil servant and politician who has been the 16th prime minister of Sudan since 31 May 2025. He was Director General of the World Intellectu ...
, - , {{operational, {{small,
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Abdelrahman al-Burhan (; born 11 July 1960) is a Sudanese army general who has been the ''de facto'' List of heads of state of Sudan, leader of Sudan since 2019. Following the Sudanese revolution, Sudanese Revolution in Ap ...
(Chairman) , - , {{smalldiv, 1={{Collapsible list , title=Other members: , hlist = true , frame_style= max-width:400px; , list_style= text-align:center; , title_style= font-weight:normal; , 1=
Malik Agar Malik Agar (; born Nganyofa Agar Eyre Nganyofa) is a Sudanese politician and former insurgent leader who was active in the insurgency in Blue Nile state. Since 2023, he has been the deputy chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council, Sud ...
(Deputy Chairman) , 2= Shams al-Din Khabbashi , 3= Yasser al-Atta , 4= Ibrahim Jabir Karim , 5=El Tahrir Abubakr Hajar , 6= Raja Nicola , 7=Aboulgasim Mohamed Burtum , 8=Yousef Jad Karim , 9=Abdelbagi al-Zubeir , 10=Salma Abdeljabbar , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Suriname , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Chan Santokhi , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Sweden ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Carl XVI Gustaf Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is King of Sweden. Having reigned since 1973, he is the longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history. Carl Gustaf was born during the reign of his paternal great-grandfather, K ...
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Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Ulf Kristersson Ulf Hjalmar Kristersson (; born 29 December 1963) is a Swedish politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Sweden, prime minister of Sweden since 2022. He has been the leader of the Moderate Party (M) since 2017 and a Member of Parliamen ...
, - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , {{flag, Switzerland , colspan="2" {{success, Federal Council{{efn-ur, name="CH" , - , colspan="2" align="center", {{smalldiv,
Members Member may refer to: * Military jury, referred to as "Members" in military jargon * Element (mathematics), an object that belongs to a mathematical set * In object-oriented programming, a member of a class ** Field (computer science), entries in ...
: {{flatlist, class=inline *
Karin Keller-Sutter Karin Maria Keller-Sutter (; née Sutter; born 22 December 1963) is a Swiss politician who has served as President of the Swiss Confederation since 2025 and concurrently as a member of the Federal Council of Switzerland since 2019. Keller-Sutte ...
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) *
Guy Parmelin Guy Bernard Parmelin (; born 9 November 1959) is a Swiss Federal Councillor and head of the Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. A member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), he has been a member of the Federal Council si ...
(Vice President) *
Ignazio Cassis Ignazio Daniele Giovanni Cassis (; born 13 April 1961) is a Swiss physician and politician who has been a List of members of the Swiss Federal Council, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1 November 2017. A member of FDP.The Liberals, Cas ...
*
Albert Rösti Albert Rösti (; born 7 August 1967) is a Swiss businessman, lobbyist and politician who has been a List of members of the Swiss Federal Council, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1 January 2023. He previously presided over the Swiss Peop ...
*
Élisabeth Baume-Schneider Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (; born 24 December 1963) is a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) and a current member of the Federal Council. She was elected on 7 December 2022, the first elected member from the Can ...
* Beat Jans * Martin Pfister {{endflatlist , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Syria , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Ahmed al-Sharaa Ahmed Hussein al-Sharaa (born 29 October 1982) also known by his ''nom de guerre'' Abu Mohammad al-Julani, is a Syrian politician and former rebel commander serving as the president of Syria since January 2025. He previously served as the coun ...
{{efn-ur, name="SY" , - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, T{{flag, Tajikistan , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Emomali Rahmon Emomali Rahmon ( ; born 5 October 1952), born Emomali Sharipovich Rahmanov, is a Tajik politician who has served as the President of Tajikistan since 1994, having previously led the country as Chairman of the Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan), Su ...
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Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Kokhir Rasulzoda Qohir Rasulzoda (; born Abduqohir Abdurasulovich Nazirov, ; ; born 8 March 1961) is a Tajik politician who is serving as the Prime Minister of Tajikistan since 23 November 2013. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan. The ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Tanzania , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Samia Suluhu Hassan Samia Suluhu Hassan ( ; born 27 January 1960) is a Tanzanian politician who serves as the sixth and current president of Tanzania since 19 March 2021. She is the first woman to serve in the position and previously served as vice-president of ...
{{efn-ur, name="WeakPM" ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Kassim Majaliwa Kassim Majaliwa Majaliwa (born 22 December 1960) is a Tanzanian politician who has been the Prime Minister of Tanzania since 2015. He was appointed by President John Magufuli after the 2015 general election. He is a member of the ruling Chama ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Thailand ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 – Maha
Vajiralongkorn Vajiralongkorn (born 28 July 1952) is King of Thailand. He is the tenth Thai monarch of the Chakri dynasty since ascending the throne in 2016 with the regnal name Rama X. The only son of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Queen Sirik ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Paetongtarn Shinawatra Paetongtarn Shinawatra (, , ; born 21 August 1986) is a Thai politician who is the 31st prime minister of Thailand since 2024 and leader of the Pheu Thai Party since 2023. A member of the Shinawatra family, she is the youngest child of the 23rd ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Timor-Leste ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
José Ramos-Horta José Manuel Ramos-Horta GCL GColIH (; born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician. He has been the president of East Timor since 2022, having previously also held the position from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012. Previously he was Mini ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Xanana Gusmão José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão (; born 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician. He has served as the 6th prime minister of East Timor since 2023, previously serving in that position from 2007 to 2015. A former rebel, he also served as E ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Togo ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové , {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Faure Gnassingbé Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé (; born 6 June 1966)"Biographie de nouveau pré ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Tonga ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Tupou VI Tupou VI (ʻAho‘eitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho; born 12 July 1959) is King of Tonga. The youngest child of King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, he served as Prime Minister of Tonga from 2000 to 2006. Following his elder brother's accession to the ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
ʻAisake Eke ʻAisake Valu Eke is a Tongan politician who has served as prime minister of Tonga since 22 January 2025. He also served in the Cabinet as Minister for Finance and National Planning from 2014 to 2017. Education Eke received a degree in economic ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Trinidad and Tobago ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Christine Kangaloo Christine Carla Kangaloo (born 1 December 1961) is a Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidadian politician and lawyer, who has been the 7th president of Trinidad and Tobago since 2023. Biography Christine Kangaloo was born into a Presbyterian Church of ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Kamla Persad-Bissessar Kamla Susheila Persad-Bissessar Senior Counsel, SC Member of parliament, MP (, born 22 April 1952), often referred to by her initials KPB is a Trinidadian lawyer, politician and educator who has twice served as the sixth List of prime ministers ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Tunisia , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Kaïs Saïed{{efn-ur, name="WeakPM" ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Sara Zaafarani Sara Zaafarani Zenzari (; born 26 January 1963) is a Tunisian engineer and politician who was minister of equipment and housing from 11 October 2021 to 21 March 2025 and the prime minister of Tunisia since 21 March 2025. She is Tunisia's third ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Turkey , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister of Turkey, prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Jus ...
, - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , {{flag, Turkmenistan , colspan="2" {{operational, Chairman of the People's Council –
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957) is a Turkmen politician and former dentist who is currently the chairman of the People's Council of Turkmenistan. He previously served as the second president of Turkmenistan from ...
, - , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Serdar Berdimuhamedow Serdar Gurbangulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 22 September 1981) is a Turkmenistani politician who is currently serving as the third and current president of Turkmenistan since 2022. Berdimuhamedow had previously served in several other position ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Tuvalu ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="CIIIR"
{{small,
Governor-General Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...
 – Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani , {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Feleti Teo Feleti Penitala Teo (born 9 October 1962) is a Tuvaluan people, Tuvaluan politician and lawyer who is serving as the 14th Prime Minister of Tuvalu, prime minister of Tuvalu since 2024. He was elected to the Parliament of Tuvalu in the 2024 Tuval ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, U{{flag, Uganda , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Yoweri Museveni Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa (born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician and Officer (armed forces), military officer who is the ninth and current president of Uganda since 1986. As of 2025, he is the third-List of current state lead ...
{{efn-ur, name="WeakPM" ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Robinah Nabbanja Robinah Nabbanja (born 17 December 1969) is an Ugandan educator and politician. She is the first female and current Prime Minister of Uganda. She was formally confirmed by the Parliament on 21 June 2021 replacing Ruhakana Rugunda, who was then ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Ukraine , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Volodymyr Zelenskyy Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy (born 25 January 1978) is a Ukrainian politician and former entertainer who has served as the sixth and current president of Ukraine since 2019. He took office five years after the start of the Russo-Ukraini ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Denys Shmyhal , - ! scope="row" , {{flag, United Arab Emirates , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Sheikh
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan (born 11 March 1961), also known as MbZ, is an Emirati royal and politician who is serving as the third and current president of the United Arab Emirates and ruler of Abu Dhabi since 2022. Mohamed completed his e ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Sheikh
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (; born 15 July 1949) is an Emirati politician and royal who is the current ruler of Dubai, and serves as the Vice President of the United Arab Emirates, vice president and Prime Minister of the United Arab ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, United Kingdom ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="CIIIR" , {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Keir Starmer Sir Keir Rodney Starmer (born 2 September 1962) is a British politician and lawyer who has served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2024 and as Leader of the Labour Party (UK), Leader of the Labour Party since 2020. He previously ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, United States , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he served as the 45 ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Uruguay , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Yamandú Orsi Yamandú Ramón Antonio Orsi Martínez (born 13 June 1967) is a Uruguayan politician and history teacher who has been the 43rd president of Uruguay since March 2025. A member of the left-wing Movement of Popular Participation, the main faction ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Uzbekistan , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Shavkat Mirziyoyev Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev (born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician who has served as President of Uzbekistan and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan since 14 December 2016. Previously, Mirziyoyev led the gover ...
{{efn-ur, name="WeakPM" ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Abdulla Aripov Abdulla Nigmatovich Aripov (; , born 24 May 1962) is an Uzbek politician who serves as the prime minister of Uzbekistan, in office since 14 December 2016. Aripov is a member of the Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party. He was deputy prime min ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, V{{flag, Vanuatu ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Nikenike Vurobaravu Nikenike Vurobaravu (born 3 December 1951) is a Vanuatuan diplomat and politician who has served as President of Vanuatu since 23 July 2022. Previously having been employed in numerous diplomatic and government positions, including as the first ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Jotham Napat Jotham Napat (born 7 August 1972) is a ni-Vanuatu politician and a member of the Parliament of Vanuatu from Tanna Constituency as a member of the Leaders Party of Vanuatu. In February 2025 he was elected Prime Minister of Vanuatu following the ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Vatican City (
Holy See The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...
) , {{success, align=left,
Pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...
 –
Leo XIV Pope Leo XIV (born Robert Francis Prevost, September 14, 1955) has been head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State since May 2025. He is the first pope to have been born in the United States and North America, the fi ...
, President of the Governorate – Sister
Raffaella Petrini Raffaella Petrini (born 15 January 1969) is an Italian Catholic religious sister who has served as president of the Pontifical Commission and Governorate of Vatican City State since March 2025. She was Secretary General of the Governorate of V ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Venezuela , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Nicolás Maduro Nicolás Maduro Moros (; born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician and former union leader serving as the 53rd president of Venezuela since 2013. Previously, he was the 24th Vice President of Venezuela, vice president from 2012 to 20 ...
, - ! rowspan="2" scope="row" , {{flag, Vietnam , colspan="2" {{success,
General Secretary of the Communist Party The title of General Secretary or First Secretary is commonly used for the leaders of most communist parties. When a communist party is the ruling party of a socialist state—often labeled as communist states by external observers—the general s ...
 –
Tô Lâm Tô Lâm (; born 10 July 1957) is a Vietnamese politician and former police officer who has served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) since August 2024 and the 13th p ...
, - ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Lương Cường Lương Cường (; born 15 August 1957) is a Vietnamese politician and former army General officer, general who is currently serving as the 14th president of Vietnam since October 2024. He also served as the permanent Member of the Secretariat s ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Phạm Minh Chính , - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, Y{{flag, Yemen , {{success, align=left, {{small, Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council –
Rashad al-Alimi Rashad Muhammad al-Alimi (; born 15 January 1954) is a Yemeni politician, and the chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council since April 2022. Early life and education Rashad al-Alimi was born on January 15, 1954, in Al-Aloom, a village i ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Salem Saleh bin Braik Salem Saleh Salem bin Braik (; born 3 April 1965) is a Yemeni politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Yemen since 3 May 2025. Early life Salem Saleh Salem bin Braik was born on 3 April 1965 in Mukalla, a coastal city in eastern Ye ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{anchor, Z{{flag, Zambia , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Hakainde Hichilema Hakainde Hichilema (born 4 June 1962), often known by his initials HH, is a Zambian businessman, farmer, and politician who is the seventh and current president of Zambia since 24 August 2021. After having contested five previous elections in ...
, - ! scope="row" , {{flag, Zimbabwe , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Emmerson Mnangagwa Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa ( , ; born 15 September 1942) is a Zimbabwean politician who has served as the president of Zimbabwe since 2017. A member of ZANU–PF and a longtime ally of former president Robert Mugabe, he held a series of cabin ...


Other states

The following states are in free association with a UN member state. {, class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="line-height:1.3em; max-width:1200px" , - !
State State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
! Associated with !
Head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
!
Head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
, - !scope="row", {{flag, Cook Islands !scope="row", {{flag, New Zealand ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="ASNZ"
{{small,
King's Representative The King's Representative is the official representative of , as Monarchy in the Cook Islands, of the realm of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands. The office of King's Representative is established by the Constitution of the Cook Islands. They a ...
 – Sir
Tom Marsters Sir Tom John Marsters, (born 4 August 1945) is the current King's Representative to the Cook Islands (formerly the 7th. Queen's Representative). He is a former Deputy Prime Minister of the Cook Islands, Foreign Minister, and Deputy Leader of t ...
, {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Mark Brown , - !scope="row", {{flag, Niue !scope="row", {{flagu, New Zealand ,
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
 –
Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...
{{efn-ur, name="ASNZ"
{{small,
King's Representative The King's Representative is the official representative of , as Monarchy in the Cook Islands, of the realm of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands. The office of King's Representative is established by the Constitution of the Cook Islands. They a ...
 – Dame
Cindy Kiro Dame Alcyion Cynthia Kiro () ( Simpson; born 1958) is a New Zealand public-health academic, administrator, and advocate, who has been serving as the 22nd governor-general of New Zealand since 21 October 2021. Kiro is the first Māori people, M ...
{{efn-ur, name="NZ" , {{success, align=left,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Dalton Tagelagi Dalton Emani Makamau Tagelagi (born 5 June 1968) is a Niuean politician who is serving as the sixth and current prime minister of Niue since June 2020. He was elected premier by the Niue Legislative Assembly on 11 June 2020, defeating O'Lov ...
The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state. {, class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="line-height:1.3em; max-width:1200px" , - !
State State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
! Also claimed by !
Head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
!
Head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
, - !scope="row", {{flag, Abkhazia !scope="row", {{flag, Georgia (country), name=Georgia , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Badra Gunba{{efn-ur, name="WeakPM" ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Vladimir Delba Vladimir Valerevich Delba is a politician from Abkhazia, who serves as Prime Minister of Abkhazia since 3 April 2025, being first appointed by Badra Gunba as acting Prime Minister on 3 March 2025. He also served Finance Minister and Vice Premier ...
, - !scope="row", {{flag, Republic of China (Taiwan) !scope="row", {{flag, China, name=People's Republic of China , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Lai Ching-te Lai Ching-te (; pinyin: ''Lài Qīngdé''; born 6 October 1959), also known as William Lai, is a Taiwanese politician and former physician who is currently serving as the eighth president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since May 2024. He is ...
,
Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of govern ...
 –
Cho Jung-tai Cho Jung-tai (; born 22 January 1959) is a Taiwanese politician who has served as the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2024. He served on the Taipei City Council from 1990 to 1998, when he was first elected to the Legislative ...
, - !scope="row", {{flag, Kosovo !scope="row", {{flag, Serbia ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Vjosa Osmani Vjosa Osmani-Sadriu (born 17 May 1982) is a Kosovan jurist and politician serving as the sixth president of Kosovo since April 2021, having previously served as acting president from November 2020 to March 2021. She also served as Speaker of the ...
, {{success, align=left, {{small, Acting
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Albin Kurti Albin Kurti (; born 24March 1975) is a Kosovo Albanians, Kosovo Albanian politician who has been serving as Prime Minister of Kosovo since 2021, having previously held the office from February to June 2020. He came to prominence in 1997 as the vi ...
, - !scope="row", {{flag, Northern Cyprus !scope="row", {{flag, Cyprus , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Ersin Tatar Ersin Tatar (born 7 September 1960) is a Turkish Cypriot politician who has served as the fifth President of Northern Cyprus since 2020. He previously served as the fourth Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus following the collapse of Tufan Erhü ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Ünal Üstel , - !scope="row" rowspan="2", {{flag, Sahrawi Republic !scope="row" rowspan="2", {{flag, Morocco , colspan="2" {{success, General Secretary of the
Polisario Front The Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro (Spanish language, Spanish: ; ), better known by its acronym Polisario Front, is a Sahrawi nationalism, Sahrawi nationalist liberation movement seeking to end the occupatio ...
 –
Brahim Ghali Brahim Ghali () (, born 19 August 1949) is a Sahrawi politician, military officer and current president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), formerly its ambassador to Algeria and Spain. Ghali played a key role in the struggle of th ...
, - ,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Brahim Ghali ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun , - !scope="row", {{flag, South Ossetia !scope="row", {{flagu, Georgia (country), name=Georgia , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Alan Gagloyev ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Konstantin Dzhussoyev The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states. {, class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="line-height:1.3em; max-width:1200px" , - !
State State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
! Also claimed by !
Head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
!
Head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
, - !scope="row", {{flag, Somaliland !scope="row", {{flag, Somalia , colspan="2" {{success,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi (, ; born 24 April 1956), colloquially known as Irro (), is a Somaliland politician and diplomat who has been the 6th and current President of Somaliland since 12 December 2024. Abdirahman served as speaker of t ...
, - !scope="row", {{flag, Transnistria, state !scope="row", {{flag, Moldova , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 – Vadim Krasnoselsky ,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 – Aleksander Rozenberg


Alternative governments

{{See also, Rival government This alternative government controls part of its territory and is recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state. {, class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="line-height:1.3em; max-width:1200px" , - ! Government ! State !
Head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
!
Head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
, - !scope="row" rowspan="2", {{flagdeco, Yemen
Supreme Political Council The Supreme Political Council (SPC; ) is an extraconstitutional collective head of state and rival executive established in 2016 in Sanaa by the Houthis and the pro-Houthi faction of the General People's Congress (GPC) to rule Yemen opposed ...
!scope="row" rowspan="2", {{flag, Yemen , colspan="2" {{operational, Leader of Ansar Allah –
Abdul-Malik al-Houthi Abdul-Malik Badr al-Din al-Houthi (born 22 May 1979) is a Yemeni politician and religious leader who is the second leader of the Houthis (Ansar Allah), an organization principally made up of Zaydi Shia Muslims, since 2004. His brothers, Yahi ...
, - , {{success, align=left,
Chairman The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the gro ...
 –
Mahdi al-Mashat Mahdi al-Mashat (; born 1986) is a Yemeni politician and military officer who serves as the chairman of the Supreme Political Council, the executive body of the Houthi movement. Biography He hails from the remote hamlet Ould Nouar in the Ḥay ...
,
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Ahmed al-Rahawi Ahmed Ghaleb Nasser al-Rahawi () is a Yemeni politician who is the current prime minister of the Houthi-led government serving since 10 August 2024. He is a member of the General People's Congress party and has previously served on the Supreme ...
These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states. {, class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="line-height:1.3em; max-width:1200px" , - ! Government ! State !
Head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
!
Head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
, - !scope="row" rowspan="2", {{flagdeco, Libya
Government of National Stability The Government of National Stability () is a rival government that controls eastern Libya. It was formed on 3 March 2022, is led by Osama Hamada and supported by the House of Representatives and the Libyan National Army. Since its inception, th ...
!scope="row" rowspan="2", {{flag, Libya , colspan="2" {{operational, Supreme Commander of the
Libyan National Army The Libyan National Army (LNA; , ''al-jaysh al-waṭaniyy al-Lībii''), also known as the Libyan Arab Army (LAA; , ''al-Jaysh al-'Arabiyy al-Lībii'') or the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (LAAF; ), is a component of Libyan Armed Forces, Libya's mil ...
 –
Khalifa Haftar Khalifa Haftar (; born 7 November 1943) is a Libyan-American politician, military officer, and the commander of the Tobruk-based Libyan National Army (LNA). In 2015, he was appointed commander of the armed forces loyal to the 2014 Libyan parliam ...
, - , Chairman of the Presidential Council –
Mohamed al-Menfi Mohamed Yunus al-Menfi (; born 3 March 1976) is a Libyan diplomat and politician. On 5 February 2021, he was chosen as the president of the Libyan Presidential Council at the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum. Previously, he had served as the Lib ...
{{efn-ur, name="GNS" , {{success, align=left, {{small, Acting
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
 –
Osama Hammad Osama Saad Hammad Saleh (; born 1979) is a Libyan politician. On 16 May 2023, he was appointed acting Prime Minister of Libya by the House of Representatives. He took over from Fathi Bashagha and was previously his finance minister. Political ...
, - !scope="row", {{flagdeco, Myanmar 
National Unity Government A national unity government, government of national unity (GNU), or national union government is a broad coalition government consisting of all parties (or all major parties) in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other na ...
!scope="row", {{flag, Myanmar , {{success, align=left, {{small, Acting President – Duwa Lashi La , Prime Minister – Mahn Winn Khaing Thann , - !scope="row" rowspan="2", {{flagdeco, Hamas Hamas government in the Gaza Strip !scope="row" rowspan="2", {{flag, Palestine , colspan="2" {{operational, Leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip – Izz al-Din al-Haddad , - , {{success, align=left,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
 –
Mahmoud Abbas Mahmoud Abbas (; born 15 November 1935), also known by the Kunya (Arabic), kunya Abu Mazen (, ), is a Palestinian politician who has been serving as the second president of Palestine and the President of the Palestinian National Authority, P ...
{{efn-ur, name=hamas ,
Head of Government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
 – Community Support Committee , - !scope="row", {{flagdeco, Sudan Government of Peace and Unity !scope="row", {{flag, Sudan , colspan="2"{{success, align=center, Chairman of the Presidential Council –
Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (born 1974 or 1975), commonly known by the mononym Hemedti, is a Sudanese military officer and the current head of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). A Janjaweed leader from the Rizeigat tribe in Darfur, he was th ...
This alternative government does not control its territory but is recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state. {, class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="line-height:1.3em; max-width:1200px" , - ! Government ! State !
Head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
!
Head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
, - !scope="row", {{flagdeco, Belarus, 1991  Coordination Council !scope="row", {{flag, Belarus , colspan="2" {{success, align=center, President and Head of the Cabinet –
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya Sviatlana Hieorhiyeuna Tsikhanouskaya (; born 11 September 1982) is a Belarusian political activist. After standing as a candidate in the 2020 presidential election against the president Alexander Lukashenko, she has led the political opposit ...
, -


''Sui generis'' entities

{, class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="line-height:1.3em; max-width:1200px" , - !style="width:20%", Entity !style="width:30%", Head of entity !style="width:30%",
Head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...
, - !scope="row", {{flag, European Union ,
President of the European Council The president of the European Council is the person presiding over and driving forward the work of the European Council on the world stage. This Institutions of the European Union, institution comprises the college of heads of state or governme ...
 –
António Costa António Luís Santos da Costa (; born 17 July 1961) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician who has served as President of the European Council since 2024. He previously served as the 118th prime minister of Portugal from 2015 to 2024 and th ...
, {{operational, align=left,
President of the European Commission The president of the European Commission, also known as president of the College of Commissioners is the Head of government, head of the European Commission, the Executive (government), executive branch of the European Union (EU). The president ...
 –
Ursula von der Leyen Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen (; ; born 8 October 1958) is a German politician, serving as president of the European Commission since 2019. She served in the Cabinet of Germany, German federal government between 2005 and 2019, holding position ...
{{cite news, url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49010801, title=Von der Leyen elected EU Commission head after MEPs vote, work=BBC News , date=2019-07-16, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901070402/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49010801, archive-date=2022-09-01  , - !scope="row", {{flagicon image, Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.svg
Sovereign Military Order of Malta The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, and commonly known as the Order of Malta or the Knights of Malta, is a Catholic lay religious ...
, {{operational, align=left, Prince and Grand Master – John T. Dunlap , Grand Chancellor –
Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo H.E. Don Riccardo Paternò, Count of Montecupo, Prince of Cerenzia, of the Dukes of San Nicola and Pozzomauro (born 5 October 1945) is an Italian economist and academic serving as the Grand Chancellor of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta sinc ...


See also

{{Portal bar, Politics, Lists {{cols, colwidth=28em *
List of countries by system of government This is a list of sovereign states by their '' de jure'' systems of government, as specified by the incumbent regime's constitutional law. This list does not measure the degree of democracy, political corruption, or state capacity of governm ...
*
List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office This is a list of current state leaders ordered by their continuous tenure in a position of national leadership. For countries in which the head of state and head of government are separate, both offices are listed. For leaders who held the ...
*
List of current monarchs of sovereign states A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth. Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute mo ...
*
List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents This is a list of vice presidential or similar positions, and their current holders. A vice president is a standalone office existing for deputizing or replacing a president. In other countries where the vice presidency is absent or vacant, a ...
*
List of current interior ministers This is a list of current interior ministers of the 193 United Nations member states, Holy See (Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. Interior ministers of List of states with limited recognition, sovereign countries with limited recognition ...
*
List of current foreign ministers This is a list of current foreign ministers of the 193 United Nations member states as well as the Holy See (Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. Foreign ministers of sovereign countries with limited recognition, some alternative governmen ...
* List of current finance ministers * List of current defence ministers * List of current legislatures * List of current presidents of legislatures *
List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government The following is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state or government of their respective countries since the interwar period (1918–1939). The first list includes female President (government title), presidents who a ...
*
List of leaders of dependent territories This is a list of leaders of dependent territories. A dependent territory is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state yet remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral are ...
*
List of oldest living state leaders This article lists the 100 oldest living current or former state leaders whose age can be demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt. State leaders are defined to include heads of state (including representatives who act in their stead, generally a go ...
* List of national governments *
Lists of state leaders This list contains various lists of state leaders, defined as Head of state, heads of state and/or Head of government, heads of government. Typically this list includes presidents, prime ministers or monarchs. *List of current heads of state and g ...
**
Lists of state leaders by century This is a list of head of state, heads of state, head of government, government leaders, and other rulers in any given century. 3rd millennium *List of current heads of state and government, Current heads of state and government *List of state ...
*** List of state leaders in the 21st century **** List of state leaders in the 2020s * President of the Republic * List of heads of state by approval rating {{colend


Notes

{{notelist-ur, group=upper-roman, 30em, refs= {{efn-ur, name="ASNZ", Charles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity as King in Right of New Zealand. He is represented in each of these states by a King's Representative. {{efn-ur, name="BA1", The high representative is an international civilian overseer of the
Dayton Agreement The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement or the Dayton Accords ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Dejtonski mirovni sporazum, Дејтонски мировни споразум), and colloquially kn ...
with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation. {{efn-ur, name="BA2", The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively. {{efn-ur, name="CIIIR", Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the
Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state in the Commonwealth of Nations that has the same constitutional monarch and head of state as the other realms. The current monarch is King Charles III. Except for the United Kingdom, in each of the re ...
s. In each of these states (with the exception of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
, where he resides), he is represented at the national level by a
governor-general Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...
. {{efn-ur, name="CH", The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a ''
primus inter pares is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals. It is typically used as an honorary title for someone who is formally equal to other members of their group but is accorded unofficial respect, traditionally owing to their seniority in office. H ...
'' capacity for one year. {{efn-ur, name="FR", The
President of France The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency is the supreme magistracy of the country, the po ...
and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person. {{efn-ur, name="GNS", Al-Menfi is also considered head of state by the internationally-recognized
Government of National Unity A national unity government, government of national unity (GNU), or national union government is a broad coalition government consisting of all parties (or all major parties) in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other nati ...
. Hamada is disputing the premiership of
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh Abdul Hamid Muhammad Abdul Rahman al-Dbeibeh (, also transliterated as Dbeibah) is a Libyan politician and businessman who is the prime minister of Libya under the Government of National Unity (Libya), Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripo ...
, with the backing of the
House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...
and the
Libyan National Army The Libyan National Army (LNA; , ''al-jaysh al-waṭaniyy al-Lībii''), also known as the Libyan Arab Army (LAA; , ''al-Jaysh al-'Arabiyy al-Lībii'') or the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (LAAF; ), is a component of Libyan Armed Forces, Libya's mil ...
. {{efn-ur, name="IR", According to articles 89 to 91 of the
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (, ''Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran'') is the supreme law of Iran. It was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906. It ...
, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time. {{efn-ur, name="JP", The
constitution of Japan The Constitution of Japan is the supreme law of Japan. Written primarily by American civilian officials during the occupation of Japan after World War II, it was adopted on 3 November 1946 and came into effect on 3 May 1947, succeeding the Meij ...
does not define a formal head of state, but the
Emperor The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...
by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role. {{efn-ur, name="NZ", The
Governor-General of New Zealand The governor-general of New Zealand () is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand, currently King Charles III. As the King is concurrently the monarch of 14 other Commonwealth realms and lives in the United Kingdom, he, on the Advice ...
and the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person. {{efn-ur, name="SY", Leader of the
Syrian Transitional Government The Syrian transitional government () is the current provisional government of Syria, formed on 29 March 2025 under President Ahmed al-Sharaa. It succeeded the Syrian caretaker government headed by Mohammed al-Bashir. The government was ...
under the 2025 interim constitutional declaration. {{efn-ur, name="WeakPM", In this state, the head of state is both head of state and head of government; the office of
prime minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—neither does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Peruvian
President of the Council of Ministers The president of the Council of Ministers (sometimes titled chairman of the Council of Ministers) is the most senior member of the cabinet in the executive branch of government in some countries. Some presidents of the Council of Ministers are ...
, the Sierra Leonean
Chief Minister A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity. Examples include a state (and sometimes a union ter ...
. {{efn-ur, name=hamas, Internationally-recognized president also recognized by Hamas since the
Third Hamdallah Government The Palestinian Unity Government of June 2014 was a national unity government of the Palestinian National Authority under Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas formed on 2 June 2014 following the Fatah-Hamas Reconciliation Agreement that had ...


References

{{Reflist


External links


Barcelona Centre for International Affairs
{{in lang, es{{emdashcontextualised biographies of world political leaders
EmilePhaneuf
{emdashan archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state *{{usurped,

} {{in lang, it{{emdasha list of current rulers by country
Rulers
{emdasha list of rulers throughout time and places
United Nations Protocol and Liaison Services
{emdasha list of heads of state, heads of government, and ministers for foreign affairs {{Navboxes , list = {{Types of government ministers and ministries {{State leaders by century {{Sovereigns of monarchies {{Heads of state of republics {{Current heads of government {{Heads of state and government of Africa {{Heads of state and government of the Americas {{Heads of state and government of Asia {{Heads of state and government of Europe {{Heads of state and government of Oceania {{Lists of heads of state and government {{2020s in history 2020s in politics Contemporary history Religion and politics