Japanese settlement in the Philippines or Japanese Filipino, refers to one of the largest branches of
Japanese diaspora
The Japanese diaspora and its individual members, known as Nikkei (日系) or as Nikkeijin (日系人), comprise the Japanese emigrants from Japan (and their descendants) residing in a country outside Japan. Emigration from Japan was recorded ...
having historical contact with and having established themselves in what is now the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
. This also refers to Filipino citizens of either pure or mixed Japanese descent currently residing in the country, the latter a result of
intermarriages between the Japanese and local populations.
History
Classical period
Settlements
After the establishment of a single state within Japan, official trade records began between Japan and the Philippine islands in the
Heian and
Muromachi
The is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate (''Muromachi bakufu'' or ''Ashikaga bakufu''), which was officially established in 1338 by t ...
period (8th to 12th centuries CE). In the case of the
proto-Okinawan chiefdoms, this was much earlier, and ties in with shared migration patterns of Okinawans and Austronesian areas like the Philippines stretching back to the neolithic period. Notable settlements of the period include
Bolinao
Bolinao, officially the Municipality of Bolinao ( pag, Baley na Bolinao; ilo, Ili ti Bolinao; tgl, Bayan ng Bolinao), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of ...
and
Agoo
Agoo, officially the Municipality of Agoo ( ilo, Ili ti Agoo; pag, Baley na Agoo; fil, Bayan ng Agoo), is a 1st class municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 66,028 people.
Ago ...
along
Lingayen Gulf.
The Japanese were trading with Philippine kingdoms well before the Spanish period, mainly in
pottery
Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and ...
and
gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile me ...
. Historical records show that Japanese traders, especially those from
Nagasaki
is the capital and the largest Cities of Japan, city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan.
It became the sole Nanban trade, port used for trade with the Portuguese and Dutch during the 16th through 19th centuries. The Hi ...
, frequently visited the Philippine shores and bartered Japanese goods for such Filipino products as gold and
pearl
A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carb ...
s. In the course of time, shipwrecked Japanese sailors, pirate traders, and immigrants settled in the Philippines and intermarried with the early Filipinos. The
Wokous who were East Asian pirates mostly consisting of Japanese, even made it into the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
before their extermination in the 1600s.
Aparri
Aparri ( ilo, Ili ti Aparri; tl, Bayan ng Aparri), officially the Municipality of Aparri, is a 1st class municipality in the province of , Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 68,839 people.
It sits at the mouth of ...
in the Philippines, which is located in Northern
Luzon
Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
, was established as pirate city-state under the patronage of the Wokou. The area around Aparri was the site of the
1582 Cagayan battles
The 1582 Cagayan battles were a series of clashes between the forces of the Spanish Philippines led by Captain Juan Pablo de Carrión and wokou (possibly led by Japanese pirates) headed by Tay Fusa. These battles, which took place in the vicini ...
between Japanese pirates and Spanish soldiers.
General Archive of the Indies, Council of the Indies, 339,L.1,F.286V-287R. Order to send men to the Philippines from Mexico, 14th June 1583 When the Spaniards reached the island of Luzon in 1571, they found
Japanese people, Japanese colonies and settlements in Manila and in some parts of the Cagayan Valley, the Cordillera region,
Lingayen
Lingayen, officially the Municipality of Lingayen ( pag, Baley na Lingayen; ilo, Ili ti Lingayen; tgl, Bayan ng Lingayen), is a 1st class municipality of the Philippines, municipality and capital of the Philippine Province, province of Pangasi ...
,
Bataan
Bataan (), officially the Province of Bataan ( fil, Lalawigan ng Bataan ), is a province in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Its capital is the city of Balanga while Mariveles is the largest town in the province. Occupying the enti ...
, and
Catanduanes Island. The relatively light complexion of the natives of
Bontoc and
Banaue is probably a result of the early contacts between the Japanese and other islanders from south of
Japan and the natives of the Cordillera.
Pottery trade
Precolonial Philippines had a rich pottery tradition as verified by the finds at Ayub Cave in South Cotabato and other parts of the archipelago. Japanese texts mention trading expeditions to the island of Rusun (
Luzon
Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
) for the highly prized Rusun and Namban jars. These texts specified that these jars were made in Luzon. , also known as "Luzon jars", were dark-brown to purple-black ''tapayan'' from the island of
Luzon
Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
in the northern
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
. These were highly sought after by
Japanese people, Japanese traders in the 16th century
Nanban trade
or the , was a period in the history of Japan from the arrival of Europeans in 1543 to the first '' Sakoku'' Seclusion Edicts of isolationism in 1614. Nanban (南蛮 Lit. "Southern barbarian") is a Japanese word which had been used to desig ...
and remain as valuable antique heirlooms in modern Japan. They are primarily used for the
Japanese tea ceremony (''chanoyu''). They were prized for their simplicity and rough, often uneven design, epitomizing the traditional Japanese aesthetics of ''
wabi-sabi
In traditional Japanese aesthetics, is a world view centered on the acceptance of transience and imperfection. The aesthetic is sometimes described as one of appreciating beauty that is "imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete" in nature. ...
'' ("perfection in imperfection").
The Tokiko calls the Rusun and Namban jars, Ru-sun tsukuru or Lu-sung ch'i (in Chinese), which simply means "made in Luzon." These Rusun jars, which had rokuru (wheel mark), were said to be more precious than gold because of its ability to act as tea canisters and enhance the fermentation. In the 15th century AD, tea-jars were brought by the ''
shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamak ...
s'' to
Uji
is a city on the southern outskirts of the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.
Founded on March 1, 1951, Uji is between the two ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto. The city sits on the Uji River, which has its source in Lake Biwa. ...
in Kyoto from the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
which was used in the
Japanese tea ceremony.
The Spanish historian
Antonio de Morga
Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay (29 November 1559 – 21 July 1636) was a Spanish soldier, lawyer and a high-ranking colonial official for 43 years, in the Philippines (1594 to 1604), New Spain and Peru, where he was president of the Real Audie ...
in his ''
Sucesos de la Islas Filipinas'' (1609) described ''Rusun'' jars as thus:
''Rusun'' jars were part of what is collectively known as
Mishima ("three islands") ware. With the other two islands being
indigenous
Indigenous may refer to:
*Indigenous peoples
*Indigenous (ecology), presence in a region as the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention
*Indigenous (band), an American blues-rock band
*Indigenous (horse), a Hong Kong racehorse ...
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
and the unidentified "Amakawa".
Many of the important pottery traditions that spread into the
Oceania
Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
region had their counterparts in the Philippines including the well-known Lapita culture. This quote from American anthropologist
Wilhelm Solheim
:''This article refers to Wilhelm G. Solheim II, the anthropologist. For his father, Wilhelm G. Solheim I the botanist, see Wilhelm Solheim (botanist).''
Wilhelm G. Solheim II (1924—2014) was an American anthropologist recognized as the most ...
illustrates the matter:
The finds at Ayub Cave in South Cotabato confirmed the great pottery tradition of the Philippines. In the Tokiko it mentions that all Rusun jars had this marking known as the rokuru (wheel mark). Those familiar with Philippine ethnography will know that this spiral is commonly used by many of the Philippine tribes. The following symbols were used to identify which kiln was used to make the jar: identified "Imbe" jars, meant jars coming from Bizen kiln, and mark three times meant a canister from the same oven. A jar with this mark is said to be made of Namban clay. This marking corresponds to the syllable la in Pampanga; Tagbanua for ka ("Chinese Pottery," Field Museum of Natural History-Anth., vol.xii, Jul.1912) Of course, the symbol for la can also be the same as that for lu, and so this might correspond to the symbol said to stand for Lu in Rusun-no kokuji (Luzon national writing). According to the Tokiko, certain types of Rusun jars were distinguished by this character. De Morga mentions that Japanese traders were still coming in large numbers for these jars during his time, and that they were willing to spend great sums for them. Apparently work on these jars continued in the North, possibly among the unconquered
Igorot
The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Mountain Range of northern Luzon, Philippines are often referred to using the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples. There are nine main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains ar ...
s, for De Morga had no knowledge of such current production. Later, the knowledge may have again trickled down to
Vigan
Vigan, officially the City of Vigan ( ilo, Siudad ti Vigan; fil, Lungsod ng Vigan), is a 4th class component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 53,935 people.
Loc ...
, where a flourishing industry of Burnay jar manufacture survives to this day. Although the Japanese described very high quality jars coming from the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
, not all were of elegant nature. In fact, De Morga had some disdain for some of the jars that the Japanese were buying, so they could have been similar to the well-known balanga and other jars in use today. These jars are generally handed down as heirlooms and are noted for their qualities in enhancing the fermentation process. Possibly one of the Japanese uses for the Rusun jars was fermentation of products like Kombucha and Umeboshi plums. For instance, a Japanese family in rural Japan stated that their family used old Rusun jars for exactly this purpose up to this day.
In 2009, Japanese and Filipino
archaeologists from the Sumitomo Foundation-funded Boljoon Archaeological Project conducted by the University of San Carlos with the National Museum of the Philippines, discovered ancient Japanese pottery that has been to believed to been in existence since the early 1700's. The ancient Japanese pottery that was discovered there, has proven that there was activity of trading activity between
Japan and
Cebu
Cebu (; ceb, Sugbo), officially the Province of Cebu ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Sugbo; tl, Lalawigan ng Cebu; hil, Kapuroan sang Sugbo), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, and consists of a main island and 16 ...
Island
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
going back to the 16th century.
Fishing technologies
The Filipinos were skilled in all types of fishing and fisheries. In the south, the basnig, a Viking-like ship, was and is the vessel of choice among the Bisayans for ocean fishing. The salambao is a type of raft that utilizes a large
fishing net
A fishing net is a Net (device), net used for fishing. Nets are devices made from fibers woven in a grid-like structure. Some fishing nets are also called fish traps, for example #Fyke nets, fyke nets. Fishing nets are usually meshes formed by ...
which is lowered into the water via a type of lever made of two criss-crossed poles. Night fishing was accomplished with the help of candles similar to the copal of Mexico. These candles were made from a particular type of resin. Fish corrals, like the ones still used today, were also employed by the ancient Filipino. However, the area in which the Filipino most astonished Westerners was in their advanced aquaculture:
Many have looked to Japan for an explanation for these advanced methods. The
roe
Roe ( ) or hard roe is the fully ripe internal egg masses in the ovaries, or the released external egg masses, of fish and certain marine animals such as shrimp, scallop, sea urchins and squid. As a seafood, roe is used both as a cooked in ...
was transplanted to safe pens for incubation and to guard the small fry from predators. Only when sufficiently mature to fend for themselves were they released back into the wild. These days this method is practiced by fisheries throughout the world. Before the Spanish came, the Filipinos also only used large mesh nets when fishing in rivers, lakes or in the sea. This ecologically sound practice protected the young ensuring future good catches. However, the competition brought by the Spaniards resulted in the use of such small mesh nets that the Spanish themselves eventually had to regulate the nets to prevent the destruction of the fisheries. Other Pre-Spanish Filipino industries included the manufacture of liquors and
vinegar
Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings. Vinegar typically contains 5–8% acetic acid by volume. Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation, converting simple sugars to eth ...
s like tuba, basi, etc., the production of hides for export to Japan, export of edible bird's nests from Northern
Palawan
Palawan (), officially the Province of Palawan ( cyo, Probinsya i'ang Palawan; tl, Lalawigan ng Palawan), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in t ...
to
China, the raising and trade of
civet
A civet () is a small, lean, mostly nocturnal mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa, especially the tropical forests. The term civet applies to over a dozen different species, mostly from the family Viverridae. Most of the species diversit ...
cats, the manufacture of gunpowder, the making of
wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures. They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to giv ...
for export to
China, and the making of cotton stockings for export.
Spanish era
The Japanese population in the Philippines has since included descendants of
Japanese Catholics and other Japanese Christians who fled from the religious persecution imposed by the Tokugawa shogunate during the
Edo period
The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characte ...
and settled during the colonial period from the 17th century until the 19th century. A statue of daimyō
Ukon Takayama
, born and also known as Dom Justo Takayama (c. 1552 – 3 or 5 February 1615) was a Catholic Church in Japan, Japanese Catholic Kirishitan daimyō and samurai who lived during the Sengoku period that witnessed anti-Catholic sentiment. Takay ...
, who was exiled to the Philippines in 1614 because he refused to disavow his Christian beliefs, stands a patch of land across the road from the Post Office building in the
Paco, Manila
Paco, formerly known as Dilao, is a district of Manila, Philippines located south of the Pasig River, and San Miguel, west of Santa Ana, southwest of Pandacan, north of Malate, northwest of San Andres Bukid, and east of Ermita. According ...
. In the 17th century, the Spaniards referred to the Paco Area as the 'Yellow Plaza' because of the more than 3,000 Japanese who resided there. In the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of Japanese people traders also migrated to the Philippines and assimilated into the local population. pp. 52–3
Many of the Japanese men intermarried with
Filipino
Filipino may refer to:
* Something from or related to the Philippines
** Filipino language, standardized variety of 'Tagalog', the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines.
** Filipinos, people who are citizens of th ...
women (including those of mixed or unmixed
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...
and
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
descent), thus forming the new Japanese
mestizo community. A sizeable population settled in Manila,
Davao, the
Visayas
The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; tl, Kabisayaan ), are one of the three principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao. Located in the central part of the archipelago, ...
and in the 1600s in
Dilao,
Paco
Paco is a Spanish nickname for Francisco. According to folk etymology, the nickname has its origins in Saint Francis of Assisi, who was the father of the Franciscan order; his name was written in Latin by the order as ''Pater Communitatis'' (fath ...
, and
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Norte, officially the Province of Ilocos Norte ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ilocos Norte; tl, Lalawigan ng Ilocos Norte), is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. Its capital is Laoag City, located in the northwest corner ...
Province. This hybrid group tend to be re-assimilated either into the Filipino or the Japanese communities, and thus no accurate denominations could be established, though their estimates range from 100,000 to 200,000. Many were killed or expelled after
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
because of their alleged collaboration with the Japanese Imperial Army (mostly as translator). Many Japanese mestizos tended to deny their Japanese heritage and changed their family names in order to avoid discrimination.
American period and the Post-WWII era
During the
American colonial era, Japanese
immigration to the Philippines
Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, a ...
increased that according to
Teodoro Agoncillo
Teodoro Andal Agoncillo (November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985) was a prominent 20th-century Filipino historian. He and his contemporary Renato Constantino were among the first Filipino historians renowned for promoting a distinctly nationalist ...
that by 1939, Japanese immigrants exceeded the
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...
for the first time in Philippine history. They were very evident in
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, and
Davao where it was said to practically be a Japanese colony. During this period, Japanese laborers were also brought in to build the Benguet Road(
Kennon Road
Kennon Road, also known as Rosario–Baguio Road, is a two lane roadway in Benguet province in the Philippines connecting the mountain city of Baguio in Benguet to the lowland town of Rosario in La Union province. The project begun in 1903 and o ...
) to
Baguio
Baguio ( ,
), officially the City of Baguio ( ilo, Siudad ti Baguio; fil, Lungsod ng Baguio), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines. It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines", ...
, but eventually after the project, many moved to work in
abaca plantations in
Davao, where Davao soon became dubbed as ''Davaokuo'' (in Philippine and American media) or (in ja, 小日本國「こにっぽんこく」, lit=Little Japan, translit=Ko Nippon Koku) with a Japanese school, a
Shinto shrine and a diplomatic mission from Japan. The place that used to be "''Little Tokyo''" in
Davao was Mintal and/or Calinan. Prominent scholars and historian like Lydia Yu-Jose and Macario Tiu wrote extensively on the lively presence of Japanese migrants in pre-war Davao due to its noticeably thriving local economy predicated by a huge concentration of rubber, copra, and hemp plantations. Unsurprisingly so, when World War II broke out, it was reported that there were more than 21,000 Japanese residents in the Philippines with about 18,000 or more in Davao. There is even a popular restaurant called "The Japanese Tunnel", which includes an actual tunnel built by the Japanese during World War II.
Davao in Mindanao had a large population of Japanese immigrants who acted as a
fifth column, welcoming the Japanese invaders during World War II. These Japanese were disliked by the Chinese and hated by the
Moros
In Greek mythology, Moros /ˈmɔːrɒs/ or Morus /ˈmɔːrəs/ (Ancient Greek: Μόρος means 'doom, fate') is the 'hateful' personified spirit of impending doom, who drives mortals to their deadly fate. It was also said that Moros gave peop ...
. The Moros were judged as "fully capable of dealing with Japanese fifth columnists and invaders alike." The Moros were to fight the Japanese invaders when they landed at Davao on Mindanao. The Japanese went back to their ships at night to sleep since the Moros struck so much fear into them, even though the Moros were outnumbered by the Japanese.
For fear of discrimination, some fled to the mountains after World War II while many others changed their names in the attempts to
assimilate. Many were also killed (''c.'' 10,000 Japanese Mestizos and Japanese) while others were deported as an act of retaliation. Their Japanese identity may take on extremes, some have completely lost their Japanese identity while others have "returned" to Japan, the homeland of their forebears. There is also a number of contemporary Japanese-mestizos, not associated with the history of the earlier established ones, born either in the Philippines or Japan. These latter are the resultant of unions between Filipinos and recent Japanese immigrants to the Philippines or Japanese and immigrant Filipino workers in Japan. Most Japanese mestizos speak Tagalog and/or other
Philippine languages
The Philippine languages or Philippinic are a proposed group by R. David Paul Zorc (1986) and Robert Blust (1991; 2005; 2019) that include all the languages of the Philippines and northern Sulawesi, Indonesia—except Sama–Bajaw (languag ...
. They may also be known as ''Japinos'', although this term is considered derogatory by many. There are believed to be between 100,000 and 200,000 Japanese-mestizos in the country, but no accurate figure is currently available. Thousands of war-displaced ethnic Japanese still live in the country and are denied recognition as Japanese nationals in order to return to Japan.
Modern times
The recent Japanese Filipinos are descendants of 1980s and 1990s Japanese settlers usually businesspeople, most of whom are men, and (mostly female) locals. Many are children of thousands of
overseas Filipino workers
Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) is a term often used to refer to Filipino migrant workers, people with Filipino citizenship who reside in another country for a limited period of employment. The number of these workers was roughly 1.77 million be ...
, who went to Japan mostly as entertainers. They are in the Philippines also to learn English. As the Filipina mothers return to the Philippines, most take their children along with them. A significant number in the U.S. today are the product of Filipino- and Japanese American intermarriages, mostly in
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
,
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state ...
, or other U.S. states, or other U.S. territories in the Pacific, while others are Filipinos of Japanese ancestry who have migrated to the United States.
Several foundations today such as the ''Federation of Nikkeijin Kai Philippines'' & ''Manila Nikkeijin Kai'' exist throughout the country through the efforts of prosperous Japanese descendants and expatriates to assist Filipinos of Japanese ancestry to travel in Japan to trace their roots and visit relatives, and also charity purposes such as offering Long Term Resident visa and educational scholarships to out of school Japanese Filipino children. Similar organizations exist in the Philippines to commemorate and signify the historical settlement of Japanese Filipinos in the region. The Philippines also has the highest number of Japanese in the country than any other Southeast Asian country.
Japanese citizenship
The
Supreme Court of Japan
The , located in Hayabusachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, is the highest court in Japan. It has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Japanese constitution and decide questions of national law. It has the power of judicial review, which allows it t ...
on June 4, 2008, ruled against a law that denied citizenship to children born out of wedlock to Japanese fathers and foreign mothers. It upheld the 2003 and 2005 separate suits (of 10 Japanese-Filipino children for Japanese citizenship), filed by Filipino mothers who proved the fathers of their children were Japanese. It affirmed the
Tokyo District Court
is a district court located at 1-1-4 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the ...
judgment that "the marital status of the parents had no bearing on nationality, and that denying the children citizenship violated constitutional guarantees of equality for all." Mel Nuqui, executive director of the Development Action for Women Network (DAWN), stated that "the 30-year migration of Filipino entertainers to Japan produced 100,000 Japanese-Filipino children, but very few children were legally acknowledged by their Japanese fathers. DAWN assists Filipino entertainers and Japanese-Filipinos, by helping Japanese-Filipinos locate their fathers in Japan. In 2007, it called for registration of Japanese-Filipinos, and 1,313 Japanese-Filipinos in the Philippines registered (August to October in 2007). However, only 60 of the 1,313 children had been registered in Japan, and of 2,800 children (born out of wedlock from foreign mothers who reside in Japan), 2,000 had Japanese fathers.
Education
*The
Manila Japanese School, a
Japanese international school, is located in
Bonifacio Global City,
Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila (often shortened as Metro Manila; fil, Kalakhang Maynila), officially the National Capital Region (NCR; fil, link=no, Pambansang Punong Rehiyon), is the seat of government and one of three defined metropolitan areas in ...
.
*The Cebu Japanese School is a
supplementary program for Japanese children in
Mandaue City
Mandaue (), officially the City of Mandaue ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Mandaue; fil, Lungsod ng Mandaue), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 364,116 ...
,
Cebu
Cebu (; ceb, Sugbo), officially the Province of Cebu ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Sugbo; tl, Lalawigan ng Cebu; hil, Kapuroan sang Sugbo), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, and consists of a main island and 16 ...
.
*The Mindanao Kokusai Daigaku (Mindanao International College) and the Philippine Nikkei Jin Kai International School offer
Japanese language
is spoken natively by about 128 million people, primarily by Japanese people and primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language. Japanese belongs to the Japonic or Japanese- Ryukyuan language family. There have been ...
education in
Davao City
Davao City, officially the City of Davao ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Dabaw; ), is a first class highly urbanized city in the Davao Region, Philippines. The city has a total land area of , making it the largest city in the Philippines in terms of lan ...
.
Notable people
*Carlos B. Teraoka - Honorary Consul-General of Japan (1995-2005) and Chairman of the Filipino-Japanese Foundation of Northern Luzon
*
Naitō Joan – A
Christian Samurai
were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in 1876. They were the well-paid retainers of the '' daimyo'' (the great feudal landholders). They h ...
/ Lord who was banished to Manila after the Shogunate's anti-christian edict of 1614 (Originally from
Japan)
*
Naitō Julia – A woman catechist who was banished to Manila after the Shogunate's anti-christian edict of 1614 (Originally from
Japan)
*
Fumiya Sankai – vlogger (Originally from
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka
is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. the city had an estimated population of 791,707 in 340,591 households, making it the prefecture's largest city, and a population density of . The total area of the site was .
Overview
Ha ...
,
Japan)
*
Aiko Melendez
Mary Aiko Shimoji Melendez (born December 16, 1975), known professionally as Aiko Melendez (), is a Filipina actress and politician. Her father, Jimmy Melendez (born Jim Shinoji), was an actor. Her half-brother, Jam Melendez (son of Jimmy Melende ...
– actress and former politician.
*
Hikaru Minegishi
, also known by his nickname Pika, is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Thai League 2 club Uthai Thani and the Philippines national team.
Early life and education
Minegishi was born on June 5, 1991. His Filipino mother is a ...
– footballer who plays mainly as a winger for Ceres–Negros of the Philippines Football League (Originally from
Sendai, Miyagi
is the capital city of Miyagi Prefecture, the largest city in the Tōhoku region. , the city had a population of 1,091,407 in 525,828 households, and is one of Japan's 20 designated cities. The city was founded in 1600 by the ''daimyō'' Date ...
,
Japan)
*
Dom Justo Takayama
, born and also known as Dom Justo Takayama (c. 1552 – 3 or 5 February 1615) was a Japanese Catholic Kirishitan daimyō and samurai who lived during the Sengoku period that witnessed anti-Catholic sentiment. Takayama had been baptized int ...
-
Kirishitan
The Japanese term , from Portuguese ''cristão'' (cf. Kristang), meaning "Christian", referred to Catholic Christians in Japanese and is used in Japanese texts as a historiographic term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries. ...
daimyo and samurai (Originally from
Uda, Nara
is a city located in northeastern Nara Prefecture, Japan.
The modern city of Uda was established on January 1, 2006, the towns of Haibara, Ōuda and Utano, and the village of Murō (all from Uda District).
As of December 29, 2005, the city ...
,
Japan)
*
Gardo Versoza
Mennen Torres Polintan (born July 8, 1969), known professionally as Gardo Verzosa, is a Filipino people, Filipino actor and comedian.
Career
He started out in roles such as Sabik Sa Halik, Machete II, Halimuyak Ng Babae and Kirot. He was known ...
– actor who has appeared in over forty movies and dozens of television shows.
*
Jiro Manio
Jiro Manio (born , 9 May 1992) is a Filipino actor who started acting at the age of seven in the film ''Pamana'' in 1999.
Early life and education
Manio was born to a Filipina mother Joylene Santos (died August 8, 2006) and Japanese father . ...
– former actor.
*
Nina Kodaka – TV personality, host, actress & pianist who gained media attention as a finalist on the 5th season of StarStruck, a reality-TV talent show broadcast on GMA Network (Originally from
Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
)
*
Romnick Sarmenta
Romeo Nicolas Sarmenta Tejedor (born April 28, 1972 in Quezon City, Philippines), known professionally as Romnick Sarmenta, is a Filipino actor best remembered as the five-year-old boy who played the role of Peping in the TV series ''Gulong ng ...
– actor best remembered as the five-year-old boy who played the role of Peping in the TV series ''Gulong ng Palad''.
*
Satoshi Ōtomo – footballer who most recently played for Davao Aguilas in the Philippines Football League (Originally from
Sakae, Chiba
260px, Chiba Prefectural Boso no Mura museum (townscape of merchant houses)
is a town located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 20,325 in 9138 households and a population density of 630 persons per km². The ...
,
Japan)
*
Sayaka Akimoto
is a Filipino-Japanese actress and singer. She was a member of Japanese idol girl group AKB48 and its spin-off unit Diva.
As an actress, Akimoto has appeared in both Japanese and American productions, and made her Hollywood debut in '' Sniper: ...
– actress and singer who was a member of the Japanese idol girl group
AKB48
AKB48 (pronounced ''A.K.B. Forty-Eight'') is a Japanese idol girl group named after the Akihabara (''Akiba'' for short) area in Tokyo, where the group's theater is located. AKB48's producer, Yasushi Akimoto, wanted to form a girl group with ...
.
*
Alan Shirahama
is a Japanese performer, actor and DJ who is a member of Exile and also the leader of the Japanese all-male dance and music group Generations from Exile Tribe. Alan is represented with LDH.
Early life
Shirahama was born on 4 August 1993 to ...
– performer, actor and DJ (Originally from
Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture,
Japan)
*
Loveli
, professionally known by the mononym is a Japanese fashion model and television personality. She is the elder sister of Alan Shirahama, a member of the all-male J-pop groups Generations from Exile Tribe and Exile.
Biography
Loveli was born as ...
– fashion model and television personality (Originally from
Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture,
Japan)
*
Akihiro Sato – Japanese Brazilian model based in Philippines.
*
Anja Aguilar – recording artist and Grand Winner of Little Big Star Season 2 in 2006.
*
Gerphil Flores
Gerphil Geraldine Flores is a German-Filipino classical crossover singer. In 2015, she joined the Asia's Got Talent (season 1), inaugural season of ''Asia's Got Talent'', where she finished as second runner-up. A soprano, she was dubbed "Asia's Go ...
- classical crossover singer.
*
Tomohiko Hoshina
is a judoka who represented the Philippines at the World Judo Championships, the Southeast Asian Games, and the Olympic Games.
He was born in Japan to a Japanese father and Filipina mother.
Early life
Hoshina was born and raised in Shizuoka, ...
– judoka (Originally from
Shizuoka, Shizuoka,
Japan)
*
Iwa Moto
Aileen Quimado Iwamoto (born August 29, 1988), known by her stage name , is a Japanese–Filipino actress, model and reality television personality. She is the first runner up in the third season of '' StarStruck'', a reality-based talent se ...
– actress, model and reality television personality.
*
Maybelline Masuda - jiu-jitsu practitioner.
*
Daniel Matsunaga
Daniel Kenji Silva Matsunaga (born November 28, 1988) is a Brazilian model, actor, professional footballer, host and businessman. He became known in the Philippines by appearing in ''Cosmopolitan Philippines''’ September 2009 "Cosmo Men" supp ...
– model, actor, professional footballer, host and businessman who became known in the Philippines by appearing in Cosmopolitan Philippines’ September 2009 "Cosmo Men" supplement. Born Japanese-Brazilian, obtained Filipino citizenship.
*
Hikaru Minegishi
, also known by his nickname Pika, is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Thai League 2 club Uthai Thani and the Philippines national team.
Early life and education
Minegishi was born on June 5, 1991. His Filipino mother is a ...
– footballer who plays mainly as a winger for Ceres–Negros of the Philippines Football League (Originally from
Sendai, Miyagi
is the capital city of Miyagi Prefecture, the largest city in the Tōhoku region. , the city had a population of 1,091,407 in 525,828 households, and is one of Japan's 20 designated cities. The city was founded in 1600 by the ''daimyō'' Date ...
,
Japan)
*
Kintaro Miyagi – footballer who plays for the UP Fighting Maroons (Originally from
Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
)
*
Artemio Murakami
Artemio Murakami (born 22 July 1983) is a Filipino professional golfer.
Murakami turned professional in 2005 and joined the Asian Tour in 2007. In his debut season he won his first tournament at the Iskandar Johor Open, and in 2008 he recorded ...
- professional golfer.
*
Kodo Nakano
is a Filipino judoka who participated at the 81 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He has also participated at the 2013 World Judo Championships – Men's 81 kg, 2013 World Judo Championship in Rio de Janeiro and the Judo at the 2013 Sout ...
– judoka (Originally from
Noda, Iwate
is a Villages of Japan, village located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. , the village had an estimated population of 4,201, and a population density of 52 persons per km² in 1660 households. The total area of the village is .
Geography
Noda is loc ...
,
Japan)
*
Enrique Ona – surgeon and public servant.
*
Satoshi Ōtomo – footballer who most recently played for Davao Aguilas in the Philippines Football League (Originally from
Sakae, Chiba
260px, Chiba Prefectural Boso no Mura museum (townscape of merchant houses)
is a town located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 20,325 in 9138 households and a population density of 630 persons per km². The ...
,
Japan)
*
Taki Saito – actress (Originally from
Fukuoka Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Fukuoka Prefecture has a population of 5,109,323 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 4,986 Square kilometre, km2 (1,925 sq mi). Fukuoka Prefecture borders S ...
,
Japan)
*
Risa Sato – volleyball player (Originally from
Osaka, Japan
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2.7 ...
)
*
Yuka Saso
is a Philippine-born Japanese professional golfer. She competed for the Philippines through 2021, having won the first ever gold medal for the Philippines in both women's individual and women's team event in Asian Games golf competitions. As o ...
– professional golfer of Japanese descent. She created golf history for the Philippines by winning the
2021 U.S. Women's Open.
*
Daisuke Sato – professional footballer
*
Edgar Sia
Edgar "Injap" Jaruda Sia II (born 1977) is a Filipino businessman. He is the chairman of DoubleDragon Corporation (a joint business venture with Tony Tan Caktiong), and the founder of the Mang Inasal fast food restaurant chain.
In 2011, Sia ...
– businessman.
*
Akiko Thomson – television host, journalist and retired swimmer.
*
Kiyomi Watanabe
is a Japanese people, Japanese-Filipinos, Filipino judoka who has represented the Philippines in international competitions including the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Early life and education
She was born on August 25, 1996 in Cebu City to a Filipin ...
- judoka who has represented the Philippines in international competitions.
*
Michiko Yamamoto – screenwriter.
*
Mokomichi Hayami
is a Japanese actor, chef, TV presenter, entrepreneur, and model.
Hayami is of Filipino descent; he is specifically a quarter Filipino, as his mother is Filipino- Japanese.
Biography
Hayami debuted in 2002 with the television series '' You ...
– actor, chef, TV presenter, entrepreneur, and model (Originally from
Shibuya-ku,
Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
)
*
Maria Ozawa
is a Japanese model and a former pornographic film actress of Canadian and Japanese ancestry. Early in her career as a model, she also used the name .
Biography 1986–2002: Early life
Ozawa was born in Hokkaido, Japan. Her mother is Japanese ...
– actress, model and a former AV star (Originally from
Hokkaido, Japan)
* Kaede Ishiyama –
MNL48
MNL48 (read as ''M.N.L. Forty-eight'') is a Filipino idol girl group based in Manila, Philippines. Formed in 2018, they are the fourth international sister group of AKB48, after Indonesia's JKT48, China's SNH48 (''former''), and Thailand's B ...
idol.
*
Mara Lopez – actress and surfer.
*
Fabio Ide – actor and model.
* Ako Kamo – Miss Universe Japan 2019 (Originally from
Kobe, Hyogo
Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, which ...
,
Japan)
* Miho Hoshino – MNL48 idol.
*
Kaori Oinuma – actress and Pinoy Big Brother: Otso winner (Originally from
Nagoya, Aichi,
Japan)
*
Junna Tsukii - Filipino-Japanese
karateka
(; ; Okinawan pronunciation: ) is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It developed from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts (called , "hand"; ''tii'' in Okinawan) under the influence of Chinese martial arts, particularly Fujian ...
*
Raffy Tulfo Raffy is a given name and a nickname. It may refer to:
*Rafael Palmeiro (born 1964), Cuban former Major League Baseball player
*Ken Raffensberger (1917–2002), American Major League Baseball pitcher
*Raffaella Rossi (born 1974), Italian ski mounta ...
-and his siblings
*
Akira Morishita - Actor, singer, and member of
BGYO
BGYO, also known during their pre-debut as Star Hunt Academy Boys or SHA Boys , is a five-member Filipino boy group that began formation in 2018 by ABS-CBN Star Hunt Academy and debuted in 2021 under ABS-CBN's Star Magic. The quintet—composed ...
*
Angel Satsumi
''Pepito Manaloto: Tuloy ang Kuwento'' () formerly ''Pepito Manaloto'', ''Pepito Manaloto: Ang Tunay na Kwento'', ''Pepito Manoloto: Kuwento Kuwento'' and ''Pepito Manaloto: Ang Unang Kuwento'', is a Philippine television sitcom series broadcas ...
- Teen actress, known as Clarissa in ''
Pepito Manaloto''
*
Tsuyoshi Anthony "Hori" Horibata -
First district representative of
Camarines Sur
Camarines Sur ( bcl, Habagatan na Camarines; tl, Timog Camarines), officially the Province of Camarines Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region on Luzon. Its capital is Pili and the province borders Camarines Norte an ...
(2022–)
Gallery
File:Osaka Bazar, Manila, Philippines (1934).jpg, Osaka Bazaar in Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
(1934)
File:Osaka Bazar Shoppers, Manila, Philippines (1934).jpg, Shoppers crowd Osaka Bazar during a Christmas Sale in Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
(October 1934)
File:Osaka Bazar Storefront, Manila, Philippines (1934).jpg, Osaka Bazar Storefront, Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
(October 1934)
File:Sundry Vendors in Osaka Bazar, Manila, Philippines (1934).jpg, Sundry vendors near Osaka Bazar, Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
(May 1934)
File:Seiei Matsui & Co of Osaka Boeki disembarks in the Philippines (1934).jpg, Seiei Matsui & Employees of Osaka Boeki Kaisha (Osaka Bazar) disembark in either Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
or Davao in the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
(May 1934). Matsui, the general manager, is second from front.
File:Osaka Boeki Wholesale Workers, Manila, Philippines (1930s).jpg, Japanese Filipino wholesale office workers in Osaka Boeki Kaisha (Osaka Bazar), Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
(1930s)
File:Osaka Boeki Employees in a Dorm, Manila, Philippines (1930s).jpg, Japanese Filipino employees in a dorm under Osaka Boeki Kaisha (Osaka Bazar), Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
(1930s)
File:Japanese Play Baseball in Pre-War Manila, Philippines (1933).jpg, Japanese Filipino employees of Osaka Boeki Kaisha (Osaka Bazar) play baseball in Pre-War Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
(October 1933)
See also
*
Red seal ships
were Japanese armed merchant sailing ships bound for Southeast Asian ports with red-sealed letters patent issued by the early Tokugawa shogunate in the first half of the 17th century. Between 1600 and 1635, more than 350 Japanese ships went ...
*
Filipinos in Japan
Filipinos in Japan ( ja, 在日フィリピン人, ''Zainichi Firipinjin'', fil, Mga Pilipino sa Hapon) formed a population of 291,066 in June 2022 individuals, making them Japan's fourth-largest foreign community, according to the statistics o ...
*
Japan–Philippines relations
Japan–Philippines relations (; ) span a period from before the 16th century to the present. According to a 2011 BBC World Service Poll, 84% of Filipinos view Japan's influence positively, with 12% expressing a negative view, making the Philippi ...
References
External links
Japan Foundation Manila Office
{{DEFAULTSORT:Japanese Settlement in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
Japan–Philippines relations
Japanese diaspora in Asia