Jaipur (;
Hindi
Hindi ( Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been ...
: ''Jayapura''), formerly Jeypore, is the
capital and largest city of the Indian
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of
Rajasthan. , the city had a population of 3.1 million, making it the
tenth most populous city in the country. Jaipur is also known as the ''Pink City'', due to the dominant colour scheme of its buildings. It is also known as the
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
of India, and
C. V. Raman called it the ''Island of Glory''. It is located from the national capital
New Delhi
New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament Ho ...
. Jaipur was founded in 1727 by the
Kachhwaha Rajput ruler
Jai Singh II
Jai Singh II (3 November 1681 – 21 September 1743) popularly known as Sawai Jai Singh was the 29th Kachwaha Rajput ruler of the Jaipur State, Kingdom of Amber, who later founded the fortified city of Jaipur and made it his capital. He was born ...
,
the ruler of
Amer, after whom the city is named. It was one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by
Vidyadhar Bhattacharya.
During the British Colonial period, the city served as the capital of
Jaipur State. After independence in 1947, Jaipur was made the capital of the newly formed state of
Rajasthan.
Jaipur is a popular
tourist destination in India and forms a part of the west
Golden Triangle tourist circuit along with
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...
and
Agra (). It also serves as a gateway to other
tourist destinations in Rajasthan such as
Jodhpur (),
Jaisalmer (),
Bharatpur (),
Udaipur (),
Kota (252 km, 156 mi) and
Mount Abu ().
On 6 July 2019,
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
World Heritage Committee inscribed Jaipur the "Pink City of India" among its
World Heritage Sites
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
. The city is also home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Amer Fort and
Jantar Mantar.
History
The city of Jaipur was founded by the
King of Amber,
Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II on 18 November 1727, who ruled from 1699 to 1743. He planned to shift his capital from Amber, to Jaipur to accommodate the growing population and increasing scarcity of water.
Jai Singh consulted several books on architecture and architects while planning the layout of Jaipur. Under the architectural guidance of
Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, Jaipur was planned based on the principles of
Vastu Shastra
''Vastu shastra'' ( hi, वास्तु शास्त्र, ' – literally "science of architecture") is a traditional Indian system of architecture based on ancient texts that describe principles of design, layout, measurements, groun ...
and
Shilpa Shastra.
The construction of the city began in 1726 and took four years to complete the major roads, offices, and palaces. The architecture of the city was heavily influenced by the 17th century architectural renaissance during Mughal rule in Northern India. Hence much of it resembles architecture styles from around the Muslim world. The city was divided into nine blocks, two of which contained the state buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public. Huge ramparts were built, pierced by seven fortified gates.
During the rule of
Sawai Ram Singh I, the city was painted pink to welcome
HRH Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (who later became
King Edward VII,
Emperor of India), in 1876.
Many of the avenues still remain painted in pink, giving Jaipur a distinctive appearance and the epithet ''Pink city''.
In the 19th century, the city grew rapidly and by 1900 it had a population of 160,000. The wide boulevards were paved and its chief industries were the working of metals and
marble, fostered by a school of art founded in 1868.
The city had three colleges, including a
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...
college (1865) and a girls' school (1867) opened during the reign of the
Maharaja
Mahārāja (; also spelled Maharajah, Maharaj) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or " high king".
A few ruled states informally called empires, including ruler raja Sri Gupta, founder of the ancient Indian Gupta Empire, a ...
Ram Singh II.
Large areas of the city including the airport were flooded in August 1981, resulting in the death of eight people and much damage to the city's
Dravyavati River.
The floods were caused by three days of cloud burst that produced more rain than the annual average.
Geography
Climate
Jaipur has a monsoon-influenced
hot semi-arid climate (
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
''BSh'') with long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters. Annual precipitation is over 63 cm, falling mostly in July and August due to monsoon, causing the average temperatures in these two months to be lower compared to drier May and June. During the monsoon, there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms, but flooding is not common. The highest temperature ever recorded was , on 23 May 1994. The city's average temperature remains below between December and February. These months are mild, dry, and pleasant, sometimes chilly. The lowest temperature ever recorded was on 31 January 1905, 1 February 1905 & 16 January 1964. Jaipur, like many other major cities of the world, is a significant
urban heat island zone with surrounding rural temperatures occasionally falling below freezing in winters.
Demographics
According to the provisional report of 2011 census, Jaipur city had a population of 3,073,350.
The overall literacy rate for the city is 84.34%. 90.61% males and 77.41% females were literate.
The sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males & the child sex ratio was recorded 854.
However, the population of the city is expected to grow up to around 39.1 lakhs (3.91 million).
Languages
The official language of Jaipur is
Hindi
Hindi ( Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been ...
and the additional official language is English.
The native and main dialect of the city is
Dhundari. The
Marwari and
Standard Hindi dialects are also spoken, along with English.
Religion
According to the 2011 census,
Hindus form the majority religious group accounting for 77.9% of the city's population, followed by
Muslims (18.6%),
Jains (2.4%) and others (1.2%).
Governance and politics
Civic administration
The
Jaipur Municipal Corporation (JMC) was established in the year 1994.
The area of the municipal corporation is 467 square km
and it is governed under the Rajasthan Municipality Act of 1959.
The municipal corporation is headed by a mayor.
JMC was recently bifurcated into two Municipal Corporations, namely Greater Jaipur Municipal Corporation and Jaipur Heritage Municipal Corporation. Originally, the municipality had 91 wards and each ward was represented by an elected member. However, the Local Self Government Department of Rajasthan divided Jaipur into two municipal corporations, namely Greater Jaipur Municipal Corporation and Heritage Jaipur Municipal Corporation, with 150 and 100 wards each, respectively.
Municipal elections of Jaipur were held in the year 2014. In 2014 elections,
BJP
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP; ; ) is a political party in India, and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. Since 2014, it has been the ruling political party in India under Narendra Mo ...
won the majority in civic body elections. The latest elections is scheduled to be held in October 2020, and had been postponed due to
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease quickly ...
. However, elections for the 100 wards of Jaipur Heritage Municipal Corporation were held on 29 October 2020.
The
mayor
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well ...
is the elected representative of the city. The current mayor of Jaipur city is Vishnu Laata. The administration duties are carried out by the
municipal commissioner and his group of officials. The municipal commissioner of Jaipur is Dinesh Kumar Yadav (IAS).
The estimated municipal budget for the year 2019–2020 is 215,853.
The key revenue sources for Jaipur municipality are taxes which include House tax, Urban Development tax and octroi compensation. Along with this it also gains revenue from various fees and user charges.
The masterplan for the city 2025 was created by the
Jaipur Development Authority.
Legislative assembly and state agencies
Jaipur consists of two
parliamentary constituencies
Jaipur and
Jaipur Rural. The political party with a majority in Jaipur is the Indian National Congress. It also has electives from the BJP and
INC party.
The
Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency comprises eight
Vidhansabha (
legislative assembly) segments, all of which fall partly in Jaipur city. MLA for
Hawa Mahal is Mahesh Joshi from INC, MLA for Vidhyadhar Nagar is
Narpat Singh Rajvi from BJP, MLA for Civil Lines is
Pratap Singh Khachariyavas from INC, MLA for
Kishanpole is Amin Kagzi from INC, MLA for
Adarsh Nagar is Rafeek Khan from INC,
MLA for
Malviya Nagar constituency is
Kalicharan Saraf from BJP, MLA for
Sanganer constituency is Ashok Lahoty from BJP and lastly the MLA for Bagru is
Ganga Devi from INC.
The
Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency also comprises eight vidhan sabha segments. There are in the northern outskirts of the Jaipur city. MLA for
Kotputli
Kotputli is a city and municipal corporation in Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India, located between Jaipur city and New Delhi. Kotputli was formed from the main town of Kot and the nearby village of Putli. The nearby areas like Patan, Narehda ...
is Rajendra Singh Yadav from INC, MLA for
Viratnagar
Viratnagar previously known as Bairat (IAST: ) or Bairath (IAST: ) is a town in northern Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India.
History
Ancient era
According to Huen Tsang, visitor to China, Tonk was under Bairath State or Viratnagar pre ...
is Indraj Gurjar from INC, MLA for
Shahpura is Alok Beniwal (Independent), MLA for
Phulera is Nirmal Kumawat from BJP, MLA for
Jhotwara is Lalchand Kataria from INC, MLA for
Amber
Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In ...
is Satish Poonia from BJP, MLA for
Jamwa Ramgarh is Gopal Meena from INC and lastly MLA for
Bansur is Shakuntala Rawat from INC.
Law and order
The city police in Jaipur is under the jurisdiction of the Rajasthan State Department. The current Police Commissioner for Jaipur City Police is Mr. Anand Srivastava. In Jaipur City, there is a District and Sessions court present. It also has a family court.
Civic utilities
Jaipur Development Authority (JDA) is the nodal government agency responsible for the planning and development of Jaipur. Jaipur also falls under the
Jaipur district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. There are 13
tehsil
A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administ ...
s in the district, which are named Jaipur, Amer, Bassi,
Chaksu
Chaksu is a municipality in Jaipur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. The town is situated at a distance of 40 km from Jaipur on National Highway 52. The town is also one of the 13 tehsil headquarters of Jaipur District. Chaksu i ...
,
Chomu, Mojmabad,
Jamwa Ramgarh, Phage,
Phulera,
Kotputli
Kotputli is a city and municipal corporation in Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India, located between Jaipur city and New Delhi. Kotputli was formed from the main town of Kot and the nearby village of Putli. The nearby areas like Patan, Narehda ...
, Sanganer,
Shahpura,
Viratnagar
Viratnagar previously known as Bairat (IAST: ) or Bairath (IAST: ) is a town in northern Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India.
History
Ancient era
According to Huen Tsang, visitor to China, Tonk was under Bairath State or Viratnagar pre ...
. The total area of the district is 14068 square km.
Jaipur Municipal Corporation is responsible for maintaining the city's civic infrastructure and carrying out associated administrative duties.
Electricity in Jaipur City is supplied through Jaipur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam LTD(JVVNL) by the
Government of Rajasthan. Jaipur MC has a fire department wing and there are 11 fire stations, with 50 fire tenders in the state capital. However, with the city is expanding and the population increasing, the existing infrastructure is not sufficient to cater to the city's requirements.
Jaipur, a Tier 2 city, also does not have rescue tenders, used for cutting material, or a turntable ladder (TTL), used for dousing flames from aerial angles without entering the building.
Water supply, sewerage and drainage
The Rajasthan government has formed the Jaipur Water Supply and Sewerage Board (JWSSB) for the management of water supply and sewerage services in urban areas of the city. JWSSB, an autonomous body, has been constituted under the JWSSB Ordinance, 2018.
It will ensure water supply as per the standards stipulated by the Bureau of Indian Standards, the State Pollution Control Board or Rajasthan's Public Health Engineering Department (PHED).
JWSSB will be responsible for financing, designing, constructing, altering, repairing, operating, and maintaining various water supply and sewerage schemes. It will also provide meters and carry out commercial services such as meter reading, billing, and revenue collection.
The Jaipur Development Authority has divided the city into four main drainage zones with the northern and central zones draining into the
Dravyavati river while the western zone drains into the Chandler lake and the eastern and southern areas combined drain into the Dhundh River. Sewerage systems and STPs have been constructed accordingly with the installed capacity being 730 km of sewer lines and 442 MLD of sewage treatment.
Solid waste management
The corporation has a new solid waste management system that includes door-to-door collection, transportation of garbage in covered vehicles, proper deployment of dustbins, use of modern equipment.
The system ensures private investment as well as public participation with a small amount of monthly user charges. The size of the JMC garbage can be kept at a manageable level.
Complete Sanitation work in 3 zones, namely, Hawamahal Zone (East), Hawamahal (West), Motidungari Zone, and Pratap Nagar has been contracted out through National Tendering.
Tourism
Jaipur is a major tourist destination in India forming a part of the
Golden Triangle. In the 2008 Conde Nast Traveller Readers Choice Survey, Jaipur was ranked the 7th best place to visit in Asia.
According to TripAdvisor's 2015 Traveller's Choice Awards for Destination, Jaipur ranked 1st among the Indian destinations for the year. The Presidential Suite at the
Raj Palace Hotel, billed at per night, was listed in second place on CNN's ''World's 15 most expensive hotel suites'' in 2012.
Jaipur Exhibition & Convention Centre (JECC) is Rajasthan's biggest convention and exhibition centre. It is famous for organising events such as Vastara,
Jaipur Jewellery Show, Stonemart 2015 and Resurgent Rajasthan Partnership Summit 2015.
Visitor attractions include the Birla Auditorium,
Albert Hall Museum,
Hawa Mahal,
Jal Mahal,
City Palace,
Amer Fort,
Jantar Mantar,
Nahargarh Fort,
Jaigarh Fort,
Birla Mandir,
Galtaji,
Govind Dev Ji Temple,
Garh Ganesh Temple
Garh Ganesh Temple is an 18th-century temple of Lord Ganesh in the city of Jaipur. It is located on the hills near Nahargarh Fort and Jaigarh Fort.
Garh Ganesha temple is devoted to Lord Ganesha. Devotees believe that Ganesha is present in the ...
,
Moti Dungri
Moti Dungri is a Hindu temple complex dedicated to lord Ganesha in Jaipur, Rajasthan. It was built in 1761 under supervision of Seth Jai Ram Paliwal. The temple is a popular tourist attraction in the city and is located next to the Birla Temple
...
Ganesh Temple,
Sanghiji Jain temple and the
Jaipur Zoo. The
Jantar Mantar observatory (The Jantar Mantar is a collection of 19 astronomical instruments remarkable at their time.) and
Amer Fort are one of the
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
s. Hawa Mahal is a five-storey pyramidal shaped monument with 953 windows that rises from its high base.
Sisodiya Rani Bagh and
Kanak Vrindavan are the major parks in Jaipur.
Raj Mandir is a notable cinema hall in Jaipur.
Jaipur now has options to view the entire city via a
Hot Air Balloon
A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries ...
ride.
File:Albert Hall ( Jaipur ).jpg, Albert Hall Museum
File:Hawa Mahal east facade (14-07-2022).jpg, Hawa Mahal
File:Jal Mahal in Man Sagar Lake.jpg, Jal Mahal
File:Riddhi-Siddhi Pol, City Palace Jaipur.jpg, City Palace
File:20191219 Fort Amber, Amer, Jaipur 0955 9481.jpg, Amer Fort
File:Jantar Mantar at Jaipur.jpg, Jantar Mantar
File:Jaipur 03-2016 01 Jaigarh Fort.jpg, Jaigarh Fort
File:Galta Ji Mandir (14-07-2022) img 02.jpg, Galtaji
File:Nahargarh 13.jpg, Nahargarh Fort
File:Birla mandir jaipur from nehru marg.JPG, Birla Mandir
Travel+Leisure – The World's Best Awards 2020
Jaipur was ranked Number 8 in "The Top 15 Cities in Asia".
Culture
Jaipur has many cultural sites like
Jawahar Kala Kendra formed by Architect
Charles Correa
Charles Mark Correa (1 September 1930 – 16 June 2015) was an Indian architect and urban planner. Credited with the creation of modern architecture in post-Independent India, he was celebrated for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban p ...
and Ravindra Manch. Government Central Museum hosts several arts and antiquities. There is a government museum at
Hawa Mahal and an art gallery at
Viratnagar
Viratnagar previously known as Bairat (IAST: ) or Bairath (IAST: ) is a town in northern Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India.
History
Ancient era
According to Huen Tsang, visitor to China, Tonk was under Bairath State or Viratnagar pre ...
. There are statues depicting
Rajasthani culture around the city. Jaipur has many traditional shops selling antiques and handicrafts, as well as contemporary brands reviving traditional techniques, such as
Anokhi. The prior rulers of Jaipur patronised a number of arts and crafts. They invited skilled artisans, artists and craftsmen from India and abroad who settled in the city. Some of the crafts include
bandhani
Bandhani ( hi, बांधणी, gu, બાંધણી) is a type of tie-dye textile decorated by plucking the cloth with the fingernails into many tiny bindings that form a figurative design. The term ''bandhani'' is derived from the Sans ...
,
block printing
Woodblock printing or block printing is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper. Each page or image is create ...
,
stone carving and
sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable ...
,
tarkashi,
zari,
gota-patti,
kinari and
zardozi, silver jewellery,
gems,
kundan,
meenakari and
jewellery,
Lakh ki Chudiya,
miniature paintings,
blue pottery,
ivory carving,
shellac
Shellac () is a resin secreted by the female lac bug on trees in the forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes and dissolved in alcohol to make liquid shellac, which is used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze and ...
work and
leather ware.
Jaipur has its own performing arts. The Jaipur Gharana for
Kathak
Kathak ( hi, कथक; ur, کتھک) is one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance. It is the classical dance from of Uttar Pradesh. The origin of Kathak is traditionally attributed to the traveling bards in ancient northern Ind ...
is one of the three gharanas of the major north Indian classical dance form of Kathak.
The Jaipur Gharana of Kathak is known for its rapid intricate dance forms, vivacious body movements and subtle Abhinaya.
The
Ghoomar is a popular folk dance style. Tamasha is an art form where
Kathputli puppet dance is shown in play form.
Major festivals celebrated in Jaipur include
Elephant Festival,
Gangaur
Gangaur ( hi, गणगौर, ISO 15919: ''Gaṇagaura'' ) is a festival celebrated in the Indian state of Rajasthan and Nimaar region (Barwani, Khargone, Khandwa etc.) of Madhya Pradesh. It is also celebrated in some parts of Gujarat and West ...
,
Makar Sankranti,
Holi,
Diwali,
Vijayadashami,
Teej,
Eid,
Mahavir Jayanti
Mahavir Janma Kalyanak is one of the most important religious festivals in Jainism. It celebrates the birth of Mahavir, the twenty-fourth and last Tirthankara of present Avasarpiṇī. On the Gregorian calendar, the holiday occurs either in M ...
and
Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year ...
. Jaipur is also famous for the
Jaipur Literature Festival, the world's largest free literature festival in which authors, writers and literature lovers from all over the country participate.
Architecture
The city was planned according to the Indian
Vastu shastra
''Vastu shastra'' ( hi, वास्तु शास्त्र, ' – literally "science of architecture") is a traditional Indian system of architecture based on ancient texts that describe principles of design, layout, measurements, groun ...
by
Vidyadhar Bhattacharya in 1727. There are three gates facing east, west, and north. The eastern gate is called ''Suraj pol'' (sun gate), the western gate is called ''Chand pol'' (moon gate) and the northern gate faces the ancestral capital of
Amer.
The city is unusual among pre-modern Indian cities in the regularity of its streets, and the division of the city into six sectors by broad streets 34 m (111 ft) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five-quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses the
Hawa Mahal palace complex, formal gardens, and a small lake.
Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city.
Cuisine
Typical dishes include
Dal Baati Churma, Missi
Roti, Gatte ki Sabzi, Lahsun ki chutney, Ker Sangri, Makke ki Ghat, Bajre ki Ghat, Bajre ki Roti and Laal Maans. Jaipur is also known for its sweets which include
Ghevar
Ghevar or Ghewar (Devanagari:घेवर) is a Rajasthani cuisine disc-shaped sweet made from ghee, flour, and sugar syrup. It is traditionally associated with the month of Shravan and the Teej and Raksha Bandhan festivals. It is a part of Ra ...
, Feeni, Mawa Kachori, Gajak, Meethi thuli, Chauguni ke laddu, and Moong Thal.
Economy
As per the official records released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Rajasthan), the GDP(nominal) of Jaipur district is estimated at
INR 1,22,140 crores ($15.8 billion) in 2020–21, with a per-capita GDP of INR 1,41,305. In addition to its role as the provincial capital, educational, and administrative centre, the economy of Jaipur is fuelled by tourism, gemstone cutting, the manufacture of jewellery and luxury textiles, and information technology.
Three major trade promotion organisations have their offices in Jaipur. These are: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, (FICCI) the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) which has its regional offices here. In 2008, Jaipur was ranked 31 among the 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing cities.
Jaipur Stock Exchange was one of the regional stock exchanges in India and was founded in 1989 but was closed in March 2015.
Jaipur has emerged as a hub of automotive industries.
JCB,
Hero MotoCorp and
Robert Bosch GmbH have their manufacturing plants in Jaipur. Chemical manufacturers in the city are Aro Granite and
Emami
Emami Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Kolkata, India. This group trades with their tag name Himani. The company has seven manufacturing units across India and one overseas unit. The Company caters to a num ...
Agrotech.
National Engineering Industries have a plant in Jaipur.
The city is among top emerging IT hubs of India along with
Ahmedabad,
Bhubaneswar and
Kochi.
Mahindra World City is an integrated business zone in Jaipur. It is home to several software and IT companies including
Genpact,
Appirio
Appirio, a Wipro company, was an information technology consulting company headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana (United States) that offered technology and professional services to companies wishing to adopt public cloud applications. This inc ...
,
Infosys,
Wipro,
ICICI Bank, Connexions and
Deutsche Bank. The Government of Rajasthan have built Asia's largest incubator in Jaipur – the Bhamashah Techno Hub.
Jaipur is a major hub for arts and crafts. It has many traditional shops selling antiques, jewellery, handicrafts, gems, bangles, pottery, carpets, textiles, leather and metal products. Jaipur is one of India's largest manufacturers of
hand-knotted rugs.
Jaipur foot
The Jaipur foot, also known as the Jaipur leg, is a rubber-based prosthetic leg for people with below-knee amputations. Although inferior in many ways to the composite carbon fibre variants, its variable applicability and cost efficiency make ...
, a rubber-based
prosthetic leg
In medicine, a prosthesis (plural: prostheses; from grc, πρόσθεσις, prósthesis, addition, application, attachment), or a prosthetic implant, is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through trau ...
for people with below-knee
amputations, was designed and is produced in Jaipur.
World Trade Park Jaipur, is a shopping mall in Jaipur opened in 2012.
Communication
Jaipur has offices of companies like
Airtel
Bharti Airtel Limited, commonly known as (d/b/a) Airtel, is an Indian multinational telecommunications services company based in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across South Asia and Africa, as well as the Channel Islands. Current ...
,
Jio
Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited, doing business as Jio, is an Indian telecommunications company and a subsidiary of Jio Platforms, headquartered in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It operates a national LTE network with coverage across all 2 ...
,
VI (Vodafone-Idea) and
BSNL which are providing mobile telephony and there are also various internet service providers in the city. The government of Rajasthan has started free WiFi at various public places like Central Park,
Jantar Mantar among others. Rajasthan's first ISP Data Ingenious Global Limited still providing large number of broadband customers and email services in entire Jaipur.
Broadband Services
Jaipur has got a good network of broadband services both in Old Jaipur and New Jaipur. Jaipur is served by BSNL FTTH, Tata Play Fiber, ACT, Data Ingenious, Jio and Airtel.
Media
Major daily newspapers in Jaipur include ''
Amar Ujala'', ''
Rajasthan Patrika'', ''
Dainik Bhaskar'', ''
Indian Express'', ''
Dainik Navajyoti'' and ''
The Times of India
''The Times of India'', also known by its abbreviation ''TOI'', is an Indian English-language daily newspaper and digital news media owned and managed by The Times Group. It is the third-largest newspaper in India by circulation and largest ...
''.
The state-owned
All India Radio is broadcast both on the
medium wave and
FM band
The FM broadcast band is a range of radio frequencies used for FM broadcasting by radio stations. The range of frequencies used differs between different parts of the world. In Europe and Africa (defined as International Telecommunication Union ( ...
in the city. Private FM stations include
Radio Mirchi
Radio Mirchi (also known as 98.3 Mirchi) is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. It is owned by the EntertainmentNetwork India Ltd (ENIL), which is one of the subsidiaries of The Times Group. ''Mirchi'' is Hindi for re ...
(98.3 MHz),
Radio City (91.1 MHz),
My FM (94.3 MHz),
FM Tadka 95 FM (95.0 MHz),
Mirchi Love Mirchi may refer to:
* Mirchi bada, spicy Indian doughnut
*Mirchi ka salan, chilli curry
* ''Mirchi'' (film), 2013 Indian film
* Iqbal Mirchi (1950–2013), Indian drug kingpin
*Radio Mirchi, Indian radio network
**Mirchi Music Awards
''Mirchi ...
(104.0 MHz),
Red FM 93.5 (93.5 MHz) and
Gyan Vani (105.6 MHz). The city has a community FM channel in FM Radio 7 (90.4 MHz) by India International School Institutional Network. The public broadcaster
Doordarshan (
Prasar Bharati
Prasar Bharati (abbreviated as PB; Hindi: ''Praśar Bharati'', lit. Indian Broadcaster) is India's state-owned public broadcaster, headquartered in New Delhi. It is a statutory autonomous body set up by an Act of Parliament and comprises the ...
) provides a regional channel in addition to the private broadcasters.
Transport
Roads
Jaipur is located on
National Highway No.48 connecting
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...
and
Mumbai.
National Highway 52 links Jaipur with
Kota and
National Highway 21 links Jaipur with
Agra.
RSRTC operates bus service to major cities in
Rajasthan,
New Delhi
New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament Ho ...
,
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...
,
Haryana
Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land a ...
,
Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra,
Punjab and
Gujarat
Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...
. City buses are operated by
Jaipur City Transport Services Limited (JCTSL)
of
RSRTC. The service operates more than 400 regular and low-floor buses. Major bus depots are located at
Vaishali Nagar, Vidyadhar Nagar and
Sanganer.
Jaipur BRTS was approved by the government in August 2006. Jaipur BRTS is managed by JCSTL, a special purpose vehicle formed by Jaipur Development Authority and Jaipur Nagar Nigam. In Phase I, two corridors have been proposed: a "North-South Corridor" from Sikar Road to Tonk Road and an "East-West Corridor" from Ajmer Road to Delhi Road. A section of the North-South Corridor from bypass near Harmada to Pani Pech became operational in 2010.
Jaipur Ring Road is a project of
Jaipur Development Authority to reduce increasing traffic of Jaipur city which connects NH-21 (Agra Road), NH-48 (Ajmer Road), NH-52 (Tonk Road), and NH-52 (Malpura Road) having a length of 150 km. The 57 km out of 150 km long six-lane
Jaipur Ring Road has been completed at a cost of Rs. 1217 crore which was inaugurated by
Sushma Swaraj
Sushma Swaraj () (''née'' Sharma; 14 February 1952 – 6 August 2019) was an Indian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019. She is only ...
,
Arun Jaitley and
Nitin Gadkari.
Bhawani Singh Road, named after the last Maharaja of Jaipur which begins from Nehru Sahkar Bhawan and ends at the intersection where
Birla Mandir is situated is one of the most popular roads in the city with notable places like
Rambagh Palace, Golf Club and
Jaipur Development Authority Office falling on its path. A similarly named road; Bhawani Singh Lane, serves as a place where the prominent people of Jaipur reside. The road also serves as a passage for the offices of companies like
ETV Rajasthan
ETV Network is a network of Telugu language news and entertainment satellite television channels in India. It is based in Hyderabad. It also had some non Telugu language satellite television channels. All non-Telugu language satellite televisi ...
, Redington India Limited, Hal Clyde Denison, and Rajasthan Tourism Bureau.
Rail
Jaipur is the headquarters of
North Western Railway Zone of Indian Railways.
Metro
Jaipur Metro commenced commercial operation on 3 June 2015. Phase-1A is operational between Mansarovar and Chandpole consisting of nine stations namely Mansarovar, New Aatish Market, Vivek Vihar, Shyam Nagar, Ram Nagar, Civil Line, Railway Station, Sindhi Camp and Chandpole. The Phase-1B was constructed with an estimated cost of 97.32 billion ($1.74 billion). It became operational on 23 September 2020.
Airport
Jaipur International Airport
Jaipur International Airport is an international airport serving Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan. Jaipur International Airport has been declared as the 'World's Best Airport' in the category of 2 to 5 million passengers per annum for 2015 & 2 ...
is in
Sanganer, from the centre. The airport handled 363,899 international and 2,540,451 domestic passengers in 2015–2016.
Jaipur Airport also provides air cargo services. During winter, sometimes flights towards
Indira Gandhi International Airport are diverted to Jaipur Airport due to heavy fog in
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...
.
Education
Public and private schools in Jaipur are governed by the
Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a resolution of the government, the Board ...
or
Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan, International Board of education and follow a "10+2" plan. This plan entails eight years of primary education and four years of secondary education. The secondary school includes two years of upper secondary education, which is more specific and diverse than the two years of lower secondary education before it. Languages of instruction include English and
Hindi
Hindi ( Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been ...
.
Notable institutions in the city are:
University of Rajasthan,
Rajasthan University of Health Sciences,
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Law University,
Rajasthan Sanskrit University,
Haridev Joshi University of Journalism and Mass Communication,
Suresh Gyan Vihar University,
Malaviya National Institute of Technology
Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNIT or NIT Jaipur) is a Public university, public technical university located in Jaipur, India with, an emphasis on science, engineering and management.
Formerly known as Malaviya Regional ...
,
LNM Institute of Information Technology, University of Technology,
National Institute of Ayurveda,
Sawai Man Singh Medical College and
Subodh College among others. There are several digital marketing institutes in Jaipur As EIIM, Digilearning, Quibus training to name a few.
Admission to Engineering colleges in Jaipur, many of which are affiliated to
Rajasthan Technical University (Kota), is through Rajasthan Engineering Admission Process.
Sports
The main cricket stadium in the city,
Sawai Mansingh Stadium, has a
seating capacity of 30,000 and has hosted national and international cricket matches. It is also the home ground of
IPL team
Rajasthan Royals.
Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium
Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium is an indoor stadium located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Facilities includes air conditioning, player change rooms and lounge, with control and medical rooms, media centre, state-of-the-art-acoustics and parking fa ...
,
Chaugan Stadium and
Railway Cricket Ground are the other sporting arenas in the city.
A new stadium has been proposed for Chonp Village with a
seating capacity 75,000. It would be the third-largest cricket stadium in the world after the
Sardar Patel Stadium
The Narendra Modi Stadium (Gujarati: નરેન્દ્ર મોદી સ્ટેડિયમ; Hindi: नरेन्द्र मोदी स्टेडियम), formerly known as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium is a cricket stadi ...
and the
Melbourne Cricket Ground.
The city is represented in the
IPL by
Rajasthan Royals (2008–2016; 2018–present) and in
Pro Kabaddi League by
Jaipur Pink Panthers.
A new cricket stadium located 27 km from Jaipur is under construction. In July 2021, Chief Minister
Ashok Gehlot
Ashok Gehlot (born 3 May 1951) politician serving as the current Chief Minister of Rajasthan. He held this position from December 1998 to 2003, and from 2008 to 2013, and again from 17 December 2018. He represents Sardarpura constituency of Jo ...
said that the stadium will have a total seating capacity of 75000 and will be constructed in two phases, of which the seating accommodation of 45,000 people will be completed in the first phase and expansion for another 30,000 will be done in the second phase.
In popular culture
Paul McCartney
Sir James Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter and musician who gained worldwide fame with the Beatles, for whom he played bass guitar and shared primary songwriting and lead vocal duties with John Lennon. One ...
wrote and recorded the Jaipur tribute song "Riding into Jaipur" (4:08) whose minimalist lyrics say: « riding to Jaipur, riding through the night, riding with my baby, oh what a delight, oh what a delight, it is. » The song was released on his 2001 studio album ''
Driving Rain''.
Jaipur is the setting for the film ''
The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' and its sequel, ''
The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'', which follow the adventures of a group of senior European ex-pats who retire to Jaipur and in the process discover their true selves.
Notable people
*
Gayatri Devi
Gayatri Devi (born as Princess Gayatri Devi of Cooch Behar; 23 May 1919 − 29 July 2009) was the third Maharani consort of Jaipur from 1940 to 1949 through her marriage to Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II. Following her husband's signature for th ...
( 23 May 1919 – 29 July 2009), Maharani of Jaipur
*
Anshu Jain (1963–2022), banker
*
Hasrat Jaipuri (1922–1999),
-
Hindi
Hindi ( Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been ...
poet and
Bollywood lyricist
*
Syed Akbar Jaipuri
Syed Muhammad Akbar Jaipuri Al-Hussaini (23 October 1928 – 4 March 1998) was a Kashmiri Urdu poet and visionary. He was also known as Mujahid-e-Urdu and Mir Taqi Mir Sani.
Pen name
His original ''Takhallus'' (pen-name
A pen name, also ca ...
(1928–1998), Urdu poet from Jaipur
*
Mungtu Ram Jaipuria, Indian industrialist and educationist, son of Anandaram Jaipuria and the founder of
Seth Anandram Jaipuria College and
Seth M.R. Jaipuria Schools including
Seth Anandram Jaipuria School Lucknow
*
Rajaram Jaipuria (1934–2015), Indian industrialist and educationist, son of Mungtu Ram Jaipuria
*
Ravi Jaipuria, Indian businessman
*
Ajay Data, Indian entrepreneur
*
Sitaram Jaipuria (1926–1985), Indian politician
*
Habib Miyan, claimed to be the oldest man in the world
*
Man Singh II (21 August 1912 – 24 June 1970)
*
Smita Bansal, Indian Actress
*
Asrani
Govardhan Asrani (born 1 January 1940), popularly known simply as Asrani, is an Indian actor and director whose Bollywood career has spanned five decades. He has acted in over 350 Hindi films. Asrani has played the lead roles, character roles ...
, Indian Actor
*
Daulat Mal Bhandari
Daulat Mal Bhandari (16 December 1907 – 10 January 2004) was Chief Justice of Rajasthan High Court in India, a member of the first Lok Sabha and a freedom fighter.
Bhandari took active part in the freedom struggle. In 1942 he formed the " ...
*
Vikrant Bhargava
*
Ila Arun
Ila Arun is an Indian actress, TV personality and Rajasthani folk and folk-pop singer. She has appeared in many prominent Bollywood movies such as ''Lamhe'', ''Jodhaa Akbar'', ''Shaadi Ke Side Effects'' and ''Begum Jaan''.
Personal life
Arun ...
*
Vishwa Mohan Bhatt
*
Sunil Vaswani
Sunil Vaswani (born 11 July 1963) is an Indian-born Nigerian billionaire businessman, and the chairman of the Stallion Group; a Dubai-headquartered company with diversified interests in cars, commodities, food, steel manufacturing, plastics, p ...
*
Apurvi Chandela
*
Jesse Randhawa
*
Ashish Sharma
*
Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf
See also
*
Gram Bharati Samiti
Gram Bharati Samiti (GBS) or Society for Rural Development is an Indian non-governmental organisation working in the Jaipur district of Rajasthan with the aim of "establishing a society based on humanitarian, democratic values and ecologically bal ...
*
Jaipuria Vidyalaya
Tehsils of Jaipur:
*
Chomu
*
Shahpura
*
Sanganer
*
Phulera
References
Further reading
* Bhatt, Kavi Shiromani; Shastry, Mathuranath (1948). ''Jaipur Vaibhawam'' (History of Jaipur written in Sanskrit). Re-published in 2002 by Kalanath Shastry, Manjunath Smriti Sansthan, Jaipur.
* Khangarot, R.S., Nathawat, P.S. (1990) ''Jaigarh- The Invincible Fort of Amer''. RBSA Publishers, Jaipur.
* Sachdev, Vibhuti;
Tillotson, Giles Henry Rupert (2002).
Building Jaipur: The Making of an Indian City'' Reaktion Books, London. .
* Sarkar, Jadunath (1984).
A History of Jaipur'. Orient Longman Limited, New Delhi. .
* Volwahsen, Andreas (2001). ''Cosmic Architecture in India: The Astronomical Monuments of Maharaja Jai Singh II,'' Prestel Mapin,
Munich.
External links
*
{{Authority control
Metropolitan cities in India
Cities and towns in Jaipur district
Indian capital cities
Smart cities in India
Populated places established in 1727
1727 establishments in India
Former capital cities in India
World Heritage Sites in India
Planned cities in India