''Iran Between Two Revolutions'' is a book by

Ervand Abrahamian Ervand Abrahamian; hy, Երուանդ Աբրահամեան (born 1940) is an Iranian-American historian of the Middle East. He is Distinguished Professor of History at Baruch College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York ...

that was published in 1982 by

Princeton University Press Princeton University Press is an independent Academic publishing, publisher with close connections to Princeton University. Its mission is to disseminate scholarship within academia and society at large. The press was founded by Whitney Darrow, ...

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York (state), New York; on the ea ...

, United States. This book has been translated into Persian and published many times in

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm ...

. The book has eleven chapters.

Content

The book "''Iran Between Two Revolutions''" was written by

in English language based on political sociology, to analyze the social and political events of the last century in

. The book has been translated into

Persian language Persian (), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision of th ...

and reprinted 30 times in Iran by different publishers. The author examines the history of Iran from the constitutional revolution in 1905 to the Islamic revolution of 1979 and has divided the book into 3 main parts: historical background, anti-social politics and contemporary Iran. The main purpose of this book is to analyze the social foundations of Iran's politics, and ''Ervand Abrahamian'' does this by examining class and ethnic conflicts over the past hundred years and in the relationship between socio-economic developments and Iran's political development. According to the book, undoubtedly, the emergence of new social classes, especially the traditional middle class and the intellectual class, and the emergence of political parties and groups and the conflicts and controversies between them, has accelerated the formation of the contemporary Iran. "Ethnic groups" and "social classes" play an effective role in contemporary Iran. In the book "''Iran Between Two Revolutions''", the term "ethnic group" is used to mean the grouping of people based on language, tribal descent, religion or co-provinciality, and the term "social class" consists of people who have mutual relations and behavior and common in developed environments with the same economic, social and political situations. ''Abrahamian'' looks into the economic relations and political development of Iran in the last hundred years by examining the ethnic groups, social classes, parties and political groups of that time and illuminates the emergence of incomplete and immature modernity and democracy in Iran. The book "''Iran Between Two Revolutions''" can be divided into three parts:

Reception

A group of critics believe that the author has leftist intellectual tendencies. And he is one of the orientalists who, with a Marxist theoretical framework, aims to examine the course of social developments in Iran between the two constitutional revolution and the

Islamic revolution The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynas ...

, and it seems that with emphasizing on the economic factors, the author intended to show that the

Iranian Revolution The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dyna ...

was not so Islamic. The book is based on the neo-Marxist approach of

E. P. Thompson Edward Palmer Thompson (3 February 1924 – 28 August 1993) was an English historian, writer, socialist and peace campaigner. He is best known today for his historical work on the radical movements in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, in ...

that the phenomenon of class should not be understood only in terms of its relationship with the mode of production (as ritual Marxists often believe), but on the contrary, it is necessary to examine class in the context of historical time and its social friction with other contemporary classes. The author believes that in the last hundred years, there was never a link between the government and social structures of Iran. In other words, the constitutional government did not arise from the society, and this made the ruling groups and modern forces far apart, and the communication between the communities (the traditional middle class, mainly the clergy and marketers) and the government was cut off; Therefore, this heterogeneous development had no attraction for the Iranian society, especially the traditional middle class, and further, it led to the formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. ''Ervand Abrahamian'' explains that each of the actions (from the constitutional period to the Islamic revolution) marked the next developments that were exactly disproportionate to the socio-cultural conditions and the structure and body of the Iranian population. In the cities, due to the actions of the government, four classes were formed, including the

Pahlavi dynasty The Pahlavi dynasty ( fa, دودمان پهلوی) was the last Iranian royal dynasty, ruling for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi, a non-aristocratic Mazanderani soldier in modern times, who ...

, capitalists, the middle class (shopkeepers, employees and teachers) and the working class, which there was no plan to organize them towards the goals of development and advancement.

References

External links

Iran Between Two Revolutions on Google Books

Iran Between Two Revolutions (Princeton Studies on the Near East)

Iran Between Two Revolutions on JSTOR

Iran Between Two Revolutions by Ervand Abrahamian: Goodreads
{{DEFAULTSORT:Iran Between Two Revolutions Modern history of Iran History books about Iran Iranian Revolution Persian Constitutional Revolution Books about revolutions 1982 books Tudeh Party of Iran

Content

Reception

See also

References

External links