The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human intelligence:

Human intelligence Human intelligence is the Intellect, intellectual capability of humans, which is marked by complex Cognition, cognitive feats and high levels of motivation and self-awareness. Using their intelligence, humans are able to learning, learn, Concept ...

is, in the

human species Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are great apes characterized by their hairlessness, bipedalism, and high intelligenc ...

, the mental capacities to learn, understand, and reason, including the capacities to comprehend ideas, plan, solve problems, and use language to communicate.

Traits and aspects

In groups

Collective intelligence Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence (GI) that Emergence, emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making. The term appears in sociobiolog ...

* Collective wisdom *

Common sense Common sense () is "knowledge, judgement, and taste which is more or less universal and which is held more or less without reflection or argument". As such, it is often considered to represent the basic level of sound practical judgement or know ...

In individuals

Augmented with technology

Humanistic intelligence Humanistic Intelligence (HI) is defined, in the context of wearable computing, by Marvin Minsky, Ray Kurzweil, and Steve Mann, as follows: Humanistic Intelligence Iis intelligence that arises because of a human being in the feedback loop of a ...

Capacities

Cognition Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, ...

and

mental process Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, i ...

ing

Types of people, by intelligence

High

Child prodigy A child prodigy is, technically, a child under the age of 10 who produces meaningful work in some domain at the level of an adult expert. The term is also applied more broadly to describe young people who are extraordinarily talented in some f ...

** List of child prodigies *

Genius Genius is a characteristic of original and exceptional insight in the performance of some art or endeavor that surpasses expectations, sets new standards for the future, establishes better methods of operation, or remains outside the capabiliti ...

Polymath A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, ...

Low

Intellectual disability Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), Rosa's Law, Pub. L. 111-256124 Stat. 2643(2010).Archive is a generalized neurodevelopmental ...

Models and theories

* Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory *

Fluid and crystallized intelligence The concepts of fluid intelligence (''g''f) and crystallized intelligence (''g''c) were introduced in 1943 by the psychologist Raymond Cattell. According to Cattell's psychometrically-based theory, general intelligence (''g'') is subdivided into ...

* General factor of intelligence *

Theory of multiple intelligences The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) posits that human intelligence is not a single general ability but comprises various distinct modalities, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, and spatial intelligences. Introduced in Howar ...

Triarchic theory of intelligence The triarchic theory of intelligence or three forms of intelligence, formulated by psychologist Robert Sternberg, aims to go against the psychometrics, psychometric approach to intelligence and take a more cognitive sciences, cognitive approach, wh ...

* PASS theory of intelligence * Parieto-frontal integration theory * Vernon's verbal-perceptual model * g-VPR model

Race and intelligence Discussions of race and intelligence—specifically regarding claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines—have appeared in both popular science and academic research since the modern concept of race was first introduced. With th ...

* Nations and intelligence * Sex differences in intelligence * Religiosity and intelligence * Intelligence and personality

Fields that study human intelligence

* Cognitive epidemiology * Evolution of human intelligence *

Heritability of IQ Research on the heritability of intelligence quotient (IQ) inquires into the degree of variation in IQ within a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population. There has been significant controversy in the academ ...

Mental chronometry Mental chronometry is the scientific study of processing speed or reaction time on cognitive tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of mental operations. Reaction time (RT; also referred to as "response time") is measured ...

* Intelligence and public policy *

Behavioural genetics Behavioural genetics, also referred to as behaviour genetics, is a field of scientific research that uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and origins of individual differences in behaviour. While the name "behavioural genetics" ...

* Human behavior genetics

Psychometrics: measurement

Psychometrics Psychometrics is a field of study within psychology concerned with the theory and technique of measurement. Psychometrics generally covers specialized fields within psychology and education devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and rela ...

Flynn effect The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century, named after researcher James Flynn (academic), James Flyn ...

** Educational quotient ** g factor **

Intelligence quotient An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. Originally, IQ was a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score, obtained by administering ...

*** Ammons Quick Test *** Army General Classification Test *** Block design test *** Bracken School Readiness Assessment *** Cattell Culture Fair III *** Cognitive Abilities Test *** Differential Ability Scales *** Figure Reasoning Test ***

*** Jensen box *** Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children *** Knox Cubes *** Kohs block design test *** Leiter International Performance Scale *** Lothian birth-cohort studies ***

Miller Analogies Test The Miller Analogies Test (MAT) was a standardized test used both for graduate school admissions in the United States and entrance to high I.Q. societies. Created and published by Harcourt Assessment (now a division of Pearson Education), the M ...

*** NNAT *** Otis–Lennon School Ability Test ***

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the 2007 edition of which is known as the PPVT-IV, is an untimed test of receptive vocabulary for Standard American English and is intended to provide a quick estimate of the examinee's receptive vocabulary ab ...

*** Porteus Maze Test ***

Raven's Progressive Matrices Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a non-verbal test typically used to measure general human intelligence and abstract reasoning and is regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid intelligence. I ...

*** Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales ***

Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales (or more commonly the Stanford–Binet) is an individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet–Simon Scale by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon. It is in its fifth e ...

***

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents. For children between the ages of 6 and 16, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is com ...

***

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16. The Fifth Edition (WISC-V; Wechsler, 2014) is the most recent version. The WISC-V takes 45 to 65 min ...

*** Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence *** Wonderlic Test *** Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities **

Standardized testing A standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent or standard manner. Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the questions and interpretations are consistent and are administered and scored in a predetermine ...

History

* Evolution of human intelligence * History of the race and intelligence controversy

Organizations

* High IQ societies ** Intertel **

Mensa International Mensa International is the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world. It is a non-profit organization open to people who score at the 98th percentile or higher on a standardised, supervised IQ or other approved intelligence test. Mensa ...

Triple Nine Society The Triple Nine Society (TNS) is an international high-IQ society for adults whose score on a standardised test, standardized test demonstrates an IQ at or above the 99.9th percentile of the human population. The society recognizes scores from ...

Publications

Intelligence (journal) ''Intelligence'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal of psychology that covers research on intelligence and psychometrics. It is published by Elsevier and is the official journal of the International Society for Intelligence Research. Th ...

Scholars and researchers

External links

APA Task Force Examines the Knowns and Unknowns of Intelligence
- ''American Psychologist'', February 1996
The cognitive-psychology approach vs. psychometric approach to intelligence
- ''American Scientist'' magazine
History of Influences in the Development of Intelligence Theory and Testing
- Developed by Jonathan Plucker at

Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a state university system, system of Public university, public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. The system has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration o ...

Scholarly journals and societies *''

Intelligence Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as t ...

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journal homepage
* International Society for Intelligence Research
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