Committee Of Representation on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Committee of Representation ( tr, Heyet-i Temsiliye) was the executive branch of
Marshal Mustafa Kemal Pasha.jpg, Mustafa Kemal Pasha
Hüseyin Rauf Orbay.jpg, Rauf Bey
Ibrahim Refet Bele Pasha.jpg, Refet Bey
Kara Vasif.jpg, Kara Vasıf Bey
Bekir Sami Bey Kunduh.jpg, Bekir Sami Bey
Ahmet Mazhar Bey.jpg, Mazhar Müfit Bey
Committee of Representation ( tr, Heyet-i Temsiliye) was the executive branch of Turkish nationalists
Turkish may refer to:
*a Turkic language spoken by the Turks
* of or about Turkey
** Turkish language
*** Turkish alphabet
** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation
*** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey
*** Turkish communities and mi ...
before the opening of Turkish Grand Assembly in the 1919–1920 period.
Background
After theOttoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
was defeated in the World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, Turkish nationalists met in Sivas
Sivas (Latin and Greek: ''Sebastia'', ''Sebastea'', Σεβάστεια, Σεβαστή, ) is a city in central Turkey and the seat of Sivas Province.
The city, which lies at an elevation of in the broad valley of the Kızılırmak river, is a ...
and decided to struggle for the freedom of Turkey. Although the resulting Sivas Congress
The Sivas Congress ( tr, Sivas Kongresi) was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held for one week from 4 to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas, in central-eastern Turkey, which united delegates from all Anatolian provinces of the Ot ...
ended on 11 September 1919, a committee was established as the executive branch of the congress.
The members of the committee
The number of the representatives in the committee was 16. (Actually 9 members were already chosen in the earlierErzurum Congress
Erzurum Congress ( tr, Erzurum Kongresi) was an assembly of Turkish Revolutionaries held from 23 July to 4 August 1919 in the city of Erzurum, in eastern Turkey, in accordance with the previously issued Amasya Circular. The congress united dele ...
.) Some of the committee members were;
*Mustafa Kemal Pasha
Mustafa ( ar, مصطفى
, Muṣṭafā) is one of the names of Prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is a common name in the Muslim world.
Given name Mou ...
(later Atatürk)
*Rauf Bey
Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (27 July 1881 – 16 July 1964) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman-born Turkish people, Turkish naval officer, statesman and diplomat of Abkhazian origin.
Biography
Hüseyin Rauf was born in Constantinople in 1881 to an Abkh ...
(later Rauf Orbay)
* Bekir Sami Bey (later Bekir Sami Kunduh)
* Refet Bey (later Refet Bele)
* Kara Vâsıf Bey (later Mustafa Vasıf Karakol)
* Mazhar Müfit bey (later Mazhar Müfit Kansu)
However some of the other members were indifferent to committee and the committee never met with the total number of representatives. Later (1927) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in his Nutuk
''Nutuk'' (known as ''A Speech'' or ''The Speech'' in English) was a speech delivered by Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 15 to 20 October 1927, at the second congress of Republican People's Party. The speech covered the events between the start of th ...
(Great speech) complained of the indifference of some of the committee members.
During the committee rule
Following an unsuccessful plot to arrest Mustafa Kemal by a governor (Ali Galip) of the Ottoman government, the committee banned all communication betweenAnatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...
n cities and İstanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
. The Ottoman prime minister Damat Ferit Pasha
Damat Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha ( ota, محمد عادل فريد پاشا tr, Damat Ferit Paşa; 1853 – 6 October 1923), known simply as Damat Ferid Pasha, was an Ottoman liberal statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier, the ...
resigned. Although a new Ottoman government (Ali Rıza Pasha's government) was formed in İstanbul, the committee continued to serve as an alternative government in Sivas. On 27 December 1919 the committee members moved to Ankara
Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...
.
The sultan Mehmet VI
Mehmed VI Vahideddin ( ota, محمد سادس ''Meḥmed-i sâdis'' or ''Vaḥîdü'd-Dîn''; tr, VI. Mehmed or /; 14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926), also known as Şahbaba () among the Osmanoğlu family, was the 36th and last Sultan of the O ...
decided to reopen the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
The General Assembly ( tr, Meclis-i Umumî (French romanization: "Medjliss Oumoumi" ) or ''Genel Parlamento''; french: Assemblée Générale) was the first attempt at representative democracy by the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire. Als ...
in İstanbul after the elections held in 1919 December. The committee supported this decision and in fact some members of the committee (such as Rauf Bey and Kara Vasıf Bey) attended the parliament. The parliament met on 12 January 1920. However, on 18 March 1920, the British forces
The British Armed Forces, also known as His Majesty's Armed Forces, are the military forces responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies. They also promote the UK's wider interests, s ...
in İstanbul occupied the city and closed the parliament. The committee members as well as other sympathizers to the Turkish National Struggle were arrested and were sent exile to Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
.Sina Akşin: ''Türkiye Tarihi Cilt IV'', {{ISBN, 978-975-406-5664, pp.86–89
Occupation of İstanbul gave the committee the chance to open the parliament in Ankara. On 23 April 1920 Turkish Grand Assembly was opened in Ankara.
Aftermath
After the opening of the Turkish parliament1st cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey
The 1st cabinet of executive ministers of Turkey (3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921 ) was the first government formed by the nationalists during the Turkish War of Independence. The Republic was not yet proclaimed and the government was called ' ("cab ...
(government) was formed instead of the committee.
Gallery
References