''Cirrhilabrus shutmani'', also known as the magma fairy wrasse, was discovered by RVS Fishworld in 2016 living around the

Didicas Volcano Didicas Volcano is an active volcanic island in the province of Cagayan in northern Philippines. The island, which was a submarine volcano and re-emerged from the sea in 1952, is NE of Camiguin Island, one of the Babuyan Islands in Luzon ...

in the

Babuyan Islands The Babuyan Islands ( ), also known as the Babuyan Group of Islands, is an archipelago in the Philippines, located in the Luzon Strait north of the main island of Luzon and south of Taiwan via Bashi Channel to Luzon Strait. The archipelago consi ...

of the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. The magma wrasse belongs to the family of ' Labridae', a colourful species of tropical and subtropical fish. The magma wrasse is found in tropical

coral reef A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. C ...

, within the depth range of . This species of fish usually inhabits steep slopes around coral reefs made up of loose rubble. It can be purchased within the aquarium trade.

Etymology

Named in honor of Barnett Paul Shutman, RVS Fishworld, a tropical-fish exporter in the Philippines, who provided holotype, paratypes and photos of the species.

Higher classification: genus ''Cirrhilabrus''

Specifically, the magma wrasse belongs to the ''

Cirrhilabrus ''Cirrhilabrus'' is a genus of fish in the family Labridae native to reefs in the Indian and Pacific Ocean, commonly kept in aquaria. Species There are currently 60 recognized species in this genus: * '' Cirrhilabrus adornatus'' J. E. Randal ...

'' genus. A genus of very small, very colourful wrasses usually found over rubble bottoms on coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific mostly below 20-30m. Males and females are usually sexually dichromatic and live in small harems comprising a dominant male and a small group of females. The magma fairy wrasse is part of a new wave of recently described fairy wrasses species and brings the total number of species in this group up to 56. Britannica_Wrasse

Discovery

''Cirrhilabrus shutmani'' was a new species discovered in August 2016 around the Didicas Volcano, 228m/748ft: found North of Luzon, Philippines, 19.08°N / 122.2°E. The species was affirmed on the basis of four specimens from Didicas Volcano, Babuyan Islands, Cagayan province, northern Philippines. The

holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of seve ...

and three

paratypes In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). O ...

were collected at a depth of 50-70 meters, along denude rubble slope. Comparatively, ''Cirrhilabrus shutmani'' appeared to be closely related to '' C. blatteus'', '' C. claire'', '' C. earlei'', '' C. jordani'', '' C. lanceolatus'', '' C. roseafascia'', '' C. rubrisquamis'' and '' C. sanguineus'' upon discovery.

Habitat and behaviour

The magma wrasse, like most Labrids, occupy areas that include turtlegrass beds, sandy patch reefs, plain sand bottom, coral reefs, and rocky flats. Eating a carnivorous diet consumed mostly of

gastropods The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. ...

and

bivalves Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, biv ...

, the magma wrasse utilises its pharyngeal jaws formed by ceratobranchial and pharyngobranchial bones, to crush the shells of its prey. Moreover, the lava colour of the magma wrasse has a survival feature. Like many in its species, wrasses are cryptically coloured to avoid

predation Predation is a biological interaction In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or o ...

and camouflage themselves with their surrounding environments.

Reproduction

The magma fairy wrasse, like other wrasses, have a hermaphroditic sexual nature, being able to change from a female to male, or vice versa, for reproductive purposes. Being a diandric species, there can be both primary and secondary males that exist within the population. Three distinct phases characterise the life cycle of ''C. shutmani'' and can be identified through its colour development and sexual organs. Stage one consists of the juvenile phase; stage two, known as the initial phase (IP), can include both sexually mature males and females; lastly, the third phases, known as the terminal phase (TP), which only includes mature males, often having the most colourful displays. TP males often dominate reproductive activity through a harem-based social system. The death of TP males catalyses the IP female sex change in order to maintain reproduction within the ecosphere.

Lifespan

Limited information was found regarding the lifespan of the magma wrasse, let alone the lifespan of wrasses, however, in general, reef species live between three and five years.

Local Ecosystem

The geologic history of Philippines is very complex and has had a tremendous influence on the biota currently found there. Philippine's ecosystems have been distinctly affected by the volcanic activity and friction of the Australian and Asian plates at least 15 million years ago manifesting a continuum of biodiverse features. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources in Region 2 reported that the based on their initial assessment, the coral reefs and the sea grasses in the province's protected marine biodiversity areas are in good condition.

Anatomy

''Cirrhilabrus shutmani'' shares similar meristic counts to the other species in its complex, but differs from congeners in the following details: upper part of nape dusky red; dorsal and

anal fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as s ...

bright red dusky markings; pelvic fins bright red, dusky, and unmarked; caudal fin bright yellow basally with distal half bright red. Aquarium6

Aquarium

The magma fairy wrasse is an available fish for home and public aquariums. To successfully maintain its health, this wrasse requires a carnivorous diet rich in meaty food, such as brine and mysis shrimp, high quality frozen foods, pieces of fresh seafood, and flake and pellet foods. They need to be fed two of three times a day to stay healthy. Furthermore, the Magma Fairy Wrasse adds a diversity of colour and activity in the aquarium. If adding this species of fish, it will likely be a male, since males are predominantly collected over juveniles and females (which are virtually identical in appearance, and therefore difficult for collectors to identify).

References

{{Wikispecies, Cirrhilabrus shutmani Fish described in 2016