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Pre-1600

* 475 – The
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
general
Orestes In Greek mythology, Orestes or Orestis (; ) was the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and the brother of Electra and Iphigenia. He was also known by the patronymic Agamemnonides (), meaning "son of Agamemnon." He is the subject of several ...
forces western Roman Emperor
Julius Nepos Julius Nepos (died 9 May 480), or simply Nepos, ruled as Roman emperor of the West from 24 June 474 to 28 August 475. After losing power in Italy, Nepos retreated to his home province of Dalmatia, from which he continued to claim the western i ...
to flee his
capital city A capital city, or just capital, is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state (polity), state, province, department (administrative division), department, or other administrative division, subnational division, usually as its ...
,
Ravenna Ravenna ( ; , also ; ) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire during the 5th century until its Fall of Rome, collapse in 476, after which ...
. * 489
Theodoric Theodoric is a Germanic given name. First attested as a Gothic name in the 5th century, it became widespread in the Germanic-speaking world, not least due to its most famous bearer, Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. Overview The name w ...
, king of the
Ostrogoths The Ostrogoths () were a Roman-era Germanic peoples, Germanic people. In the 5th century, they followed the Visigoths in creating one of the two great Goths, Gothic kingdoms within the Western Roman Empire, drawing upon the large Gothic populatio ...
, defeats
Odoacer Odoacer ( – 15 March 493 AD), also spelled Odovacer or Odovacar, was a barbarian soldier and statesman from the Middle Danube who deposed the Western Roman child emperor Romulus Augustulus and became the ruler of Italy (476–493). Odoacer' ...
at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy. * 632
Fatimah Fatima bint Muhammad (; 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fatima al-Zahra' (), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Khadija. Fatima's husband was Ali, the fourth of the Rashidun caliphs and ...
, daughter of the Islamic prophet
Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...
, dies, with her cause of death being a controversial topic among the
Sunni Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Mu ...
Muslims and
Shia Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood ...
Muslims. * 663
Silla Silla (; Old Korean: wikt:徐羅伐#Old Korean, 徐羅伐, Yale romanization of Korean, Yale: Syerapel, Revised Romanization of Korean, RR: ''Seorabeol''; International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA: ) was a Korean kingdom that existed between ...
Tang armies crush the
Baekje Baekje or Paekche (; ) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BCE to 660 CE. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla. While the three kingdoms were in separate existence, Baekje had the h ...
restoration attempt and force Yamato Japan to withdraw from Korea in the Battle of Baekgang. *
1189 Year 1189 (Roman numerals, MCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. In English law, 1189 - specifically the beginning of the reign of Richard I of England, Richard I - is considered the end of time immemorial. E ...
Third Crusade The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. F ...
: The Crusaders begin the Siege of Acre under
Guy of Lusignan Guy of Lusignan ( 1150 – 18 July 1194) was King of Jerusalem, first as husband and co-ruler of Queen Sibylla from 1186 to 1190 then as disputed ruler from 1190 to 1192. He was also Lord of Cyprus from 1192 to 1194. A French Poitevin kni ...
. *
1521 1521 ( MDXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1521st year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 521st year of the 2nd millennium, the 21st year of the 16th century, and the 2nd year o ...
Ottoman wars in Europe A series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states took place from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century. The earliest conflicts began during the Byzantine–Ottoman wars, waged in Anatolia in ...
: The
Ottoman Turks The Ottoman Turks () were a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group in Anatolia. Originally from Central Asia, they migrated to Anatolia in the 13th century and founded the Ottoman Empire, in which they remained socio-politically dominant for the e ...
occupy
Belgrade Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. T ...
. * 1524 – The Kaqchikel
Maya Maya may refer to: Ethnic groups * Maya peoples, of southern Mexico and northern Central America ** Maya civilization, the historical civilization of the Maya peoples ** Mayan languages, the languages of the Maya peoples * Maya (East Africa), a p ...
rebel against their former Spanish allies during the
Spanish conquest of Guatemala In a protracted conflict during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish colonisers gradually incorporated the territory that became the modern country of Guatemala into the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain. Before the conquest, this te ...
. *
1542 __NOTOC__ Year 1542 ( MDXLII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 6 – In the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico, the Spanish colonists create the new town of Mérida. * Jan ...
Turkish–Portuguese War: Battle of Wofla: The Portuguese are scattered, their leader Christovão da Gama is captured and later executed. *
1565 Year 1565 ( MDLXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 3 – In the Tsardom of Russia, Ivan the Terrible originates the oprichnina (repression of the boyars (aristocrats) ...
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (; ; 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574) was a Spanish admiral, explorer and conquistador from Avilés, in Asturias, Spain. He is notable for planning the first regular trans-oceanic convoys, which became known as ...
sights land near
St. Augustine, Florida St. Augustine ( ; ) is a city in and the county seat of St. Johns County, Florida, United States. Located 40 miles (64 km) south of downtown Jacksonville, the city is on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. Founded in 1565 by Spani ...
and founds the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the
continental United States The contiguous United States, also known as the U.S. mainland, officially referred to as the conterminous United States, consists of the 48 adjoining U.S. states and the District of Columbia of the United States in central North America. The te ...
.


1601–1900

*
1609 Events January–March * January 12 – The Basque witch trials are started in Spain as the court of the Spanish Inquisition, Inquisition at Logroño receives a letter from the commissioner of the village of Zugarramurdi, and ...
Henry Hudson Henry Hudson ( 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the Northeastern United States. In 1607 and 16 ...
discovers
Delaware Bay Delaware Bay is the estuary outlet of the Delaware River on the northeast seaboard of the United States, lying between the states of Delaware and New Jersey. It is approximately in area, the bay's freshwater mixes for many miles with the saltw ...
. * 1619 – Election of
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, Hungary, and List of Croatian monarchs, Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637. He was the son of Archduke Charles II, Archduke of Austr ...
. *
1640 Events January–March * January 6 – The Siege of Salses ends almost six months after it had started on June 9, 1639, with the French defenders surrendering to the Spanish attackers. * January 17 – A naval battle over ...
Second Bishop's War: King Charles I's English army loses to a Scottish Covenanter force at the Battle of Newburn. * 1648
Second English Civil War The Second English Civil War took place between February and August 1648 in Kingdom of England, England and Wales. It forms part of the series of conflicts known collectively as the 1639–1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which include the 164 ...
: The
Siege of Colchester The siege of Colchester occurred in the summer of 1648 when the Second English Civil War reignited in several areas of Britain. Colchester found itself in the thick of the unrest when a Cavalier, Royalist army on its way through East Angli ...
ends when Royalists Forces surrender to the Parliamentary Forces after eleven weeks. * 1709Meidingnu Pamheiba is crowned King of
Manipur Manipur () is a state in northeastern India with Imphal as its capital. It borders the Indian states of Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north and shares the international border with Myanmar, specifically t ...
. *
1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election ...
William Herschel Frederick William Herschel ( ; ; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-British astronomer and composer. He frequently collaborated with his younger sister and fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel. Born in the Electorate of Hanover ...
discovers a new moon of Saturn: Enceladus. * 1810
Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...
: The
French Navy The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of History of France, France. It is among the largest and most powerful List of navies, naval forces i ...
accepts the surrender of a British
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
fleet at the Battle of Grand Port. *
1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) ...
– The
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was the oldest railroads in North America, oldest railroad in the United States and the first steam engine, steam-operated common carrier. Construction of the line began in 1828, and it operated as B&O from 1830 ...
's new ''
Tom Thumb Tom Thumb is a character of English folklore. ''The History of Tom Thumb'' was published in 1621 and was the first known fairy tale printed in English. Tom is no bigger than his father's thumb, and his adventures include being swallowed by a cow, ...
''
steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, Fuel oil, oil or, rarely, Wood fuel, wood) to heat ...
races a horse-drawn car, presaging steam's role in U.S. railroads. *
1833 Events January–March * January 3 – The United Kingdom reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. * February 6 (January 25 on the Greek calendar) – Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria arr ...
– The
Slavery Abolition Act 1833 The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 ( 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which abolished slavery in the British Empire by way of compensated emancipation. The act was legislated by Whig Prime Minister Charl ...
receives
royal assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in othe ...
, making the purchase or ownership of slaves illegal in the
British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It bega ...
with exceptions. *
1845 Events January–March * January 1 – The Philippines began reckoning Asian dates by hopping the International Date Line through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. That time zone shift was a reform made by Governor–General Narciso ...
– The first issue of ''
Scientific American ''Scientific American'', informally abbreviated ''SciAm'' or sometimes ''SA'', is an American popular science magazine. Many scientists, including Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla, have contributed articles to it, with more than 150 Nobel Pri ...
'' magazine is published. *
1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series (France), Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisc ...
Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire The revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire took place from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalism, nationalist character: the Austrian Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, ...
: After a month-long siege,
Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
, which had declared itself independent as the Republic of San Marco, surrenders to Austria. *
1850 Events January–March * January 29 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the United States Congress. * January 31 – The University of Rochester is founded in Rochester, New York. * January – Sacramento, Ca ...
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most o ...
’s ''
Lohengrin Lohengrin () is a character in German Arthurian literature. The son of Parzival (Percival), he is a knight of the Holy Grail sent in a boat pulled by swans to rescue a maiden who can never ask his identity. His story, which first appears in Wo ...
'' premieres at the
Staatskapelle Weimar The (DNT), or German National Theater and Weimar State Orchestra, is the most significant arts organization in Weimar. The institution unites the (German National Theater) with the (Weimar State Orchestra). It plays on a total of six stages ...
. * 1859 – The Carrington event is the strongest
geomagnetic storm A geomagnetic storm, also known as a magnetic storm, is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere that is driven by interactions between the magnetosphere and large-scale transient Plasma (physics), plasma and magnetic field structur ...
on record to strike the Earth.
Electrical telegraph Electrical telegraphy is point-to-point distance communicating via sending electric signals over wire, a system primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century. It was the first electrical telecommunications system and the most wid ...
service is widely disrupted. * 1861
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
: Union forces attack
Cape Hatteras Cape Hatteras is a cape located at a pronounced bend in Hatteras Island, one of the barrier islands of North Carolina. As a temperate barrier island, the landscape has been shaped by wind, waves, and storms. There are long stretches of beach ...
,
North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...
in the
Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries The Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries (August 28–29, 1861) was the first combined operation of the Union Army and Navy in the American Civil War, resulting in Union domination of the strategically important North Carolina Sounds. Two forts o ...
which lasts for two days. *
1862 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – Second French intervention in Mexico, French intervention in Mexico: Second French Empire, French, Spanish and British ...
– American Civil War: The
Second Battle of Bull Run The Second Battle of Bull Run or Battle of Second Manassas was fought August 28–30, 1862, in Prince William County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. It was the culmination of the Northern Virginia Campaign waged by Confederate ...
, also known as the Battle of Second Manassas, begins in Virginia. The battle ends on August 30 with another Union defeat. *
1867 There were only 354 days this year in the newly purchased territory of Alaska. When the territory transferred from the Russian Empire to the United States, the calendric transition from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar was made with only 1 ...
– The United States takes possession of the (at this point unoccupied)
Midway Atoll Midway Atoll (colloquialism, colloquial: Midway Islands; ; ) is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean. Midway Atoll is an insular area of the United States and is an Insular area#Unorganized unincorporated territories, unorganized and unincorpo ...
. *
1879 Events January * January 1 ** The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War. ** Brahms' Violin Concerto is premiered in Leipzig with Joseph Joachim ...
Anglo-Zulu War The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in present-day South Africa from January to early July 1879 between forces of the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Two famous battles of the war were the Zulu victory at Battle of Isandlwana, Isandlwana and th ...
: Cetshwayo, last king of the Zulus, is captured by the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
. *
1898 Events January * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queen ...
Caleb Bradham's beverage "Brad's Drink" is renamed "
Pepsi-Cola Pepsi is a Carbonated water, carbonated soft drink with a cola flavor, manufactured by PepsiCo which serves as its flagship product. In 2023, Pepsi was the second most valuable soft drink brand worldwide behind Coca-Cola; the two share a long ...
".


1901–present

* 1901Silliman University is founded in the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
. It is the first American
private school A private school or independent school is a school not administered or funded by the government, unlike a State school, public school. Private schools are schools that are not dependent upon national or local government to finance their fina ...
in the country. * 1909 – A group of mid-level
Greek Army The Hellenic Army (, sometimes abbreviated as ΕΣ), formed in 1828, is the land force of Greece. The term '' Hellenic'' is the endogenous synonym for ''Greek''. The Hellenic Army is the largest of the three branches of the Hellenic Armed F ...
officers launches the Goudi coup, seeking wide-ranging reforms. *
1913 Events January * January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city. * January 3 &ndash ...
Queen Wilhelmina opens the Peace Palace in
The Hague The Hague ( ) is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the c ...
. *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
: The
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
defeats the German fleet in the Battle of Heligoland Bight. * 1916 – World War I: Germany declares war on
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
. * 1916 – World War I:
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
declares war on Germany. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– Ten suffragists, members of the Silent Sentinels, are arrested while picketing the
White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest (Washington, D.C.), NW in Washington, D.C., it has served as the residence of every U.S. president ...
in favor of
women's suffrage in the United States Women's suffrage, or the right of women to vote, was established in the United States over the course of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, first in various U.S. states, states and localities, then nationally in 1920 with the ratification ...
. *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...
Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...
: The
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
dissolves the
Makhnovshchina The Makhnovshchina (, ) was a Political movement#Mass movements, mass movement to establish anarchist communism in southern Ukraine, southern and eastern Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence of 1917–1921. Named after Nestor Makhno, ...
after driving the Revolutionary Insurgent Army out of
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
. * 1924 – The Georgian opposition stages the August Uprising against the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
. *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...
begins its mass arrests of
Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses is a Christian denomination that is an outgrowth of the Bible Student movement founded by Charles Taze Russell in the nineteenth century. The denomination is nontrinitarian, millenarian, and restorationist. Russell co-fou ...
, who are interned in
concentration camps A concentration camp is a prison or other facility used for the internment of political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or ethnic minority groups, on the grounds of national security, or for exploit ...
. *
1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Feb ...
Toyota Motors becomes an independent company. *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
Denmark in World War II At the outset of World War II in September 1939, Denmark declared itself Neutral countries in World War II, neutral, but that neutrality did not prevent Nazi Germany from Military occupation, occupying the country soon after the outbreak of ...
: German authorities demand that Danish authorities crack down on acts of resistance. The next day,
martial law Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers. Martial law can continue for a specified amount of time, or indefinitely, and standard civil liberties ...
is imposed on Denmark. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
:
Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...
and
Toulon Toulon (, , ; , , ) is a city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the French Riviera and the historical Provence, it is the prefecture of the Var (department), Var department. The Commune of Toulon h ...
are liberated. *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
– The
Workers' Party of North Korea The Workers' Party of North Korea () was a communist party in North Korea from 1946 to 1949 and was a predecessor of the current Workers' Party of Korea. It was founded at a congress on 28–30 August 1946, by the merger of the northern branc ...
, predecessor of the ruling
Workers' Party of Korea The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), also called the Korean Workers' Party (KWP), is the sole ruling party of North Korea. Founded in 1949 from a merger between the Workers' Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party of South Korea, the WPK is ...
, is founded at a
congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...
held in
Pyongyang Pyongyang () is the Capital city, capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is sometimes labeled as the "Capital of the Revolution" (). Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. Accordi ...
,
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...
. * 1955
Black Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without chroma, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness.Eva Heller, ''P ...
teenager
Emmett Till Emmett Louis Till (July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955) was an African American youth, who was 14 years old when he was abducted and Lynching in the United States, lynched in Mississippi in 1955 after being accused of offending a white woman, ...
is lynched in
Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...
for whistling at a white woman, galvanizing the nascent civil rights movement. *
1957 Events January * January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany. * January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricke ...
U.S. Senator
Strom Thurmond James Strom Thurmond Sr. (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 to 2003. Before his 49 years as a senator, he served as the 103rd governor of South ...
begins a filibuster to prevent the
United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...
from voting on the
Civil Rights Act of 1957 The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first federal civil rights law passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The bill was passed by the 85th United States Congress and signed into law by President Dwight D. E ...
; he stopped speaking 24 hours and 18 minutes later, the longest
filibuster A filibuster is a political procedure in which one or more members of a legislative body prolong debate on proposed legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision. It is sometimes referred to as "talking a bill to death" or "talking ...
ever conducted by a single Senator. *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (commonly known as the March on Washington or the Great March on Washington) was held in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic righ ...
: Rev. Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister, civil and political rights, civil rights activist and political philosopher who was a leader of the civil rights move ...
gives his ''
I Have a Dream "I Have a Dream" is a Public speaking, public speech that was delivered by American civil rights activist and Baptist minister Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963. In the speech, Kin ...
'' speech. *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 – In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patria ...
– The Philadelphia race riot begins. *
1968 Events January–February * January 1968, January – The I'm Backing Britain, I'm Backing Britain campaign starts spontaneously. * January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Cze ...
– Police and protesters clash during 1968 Democratic National Convention protests as protesters chant " The whole world is watching". *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
Norrmalmstorg robbery:
Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...
police secure the surrenders of hostage-takers Jan-Erik Olsson and
Clark Olofsson Clark Oderth Olofsson (later known as Daniel Demuynck; born 1 February 1947) is a Swedish criminal. He has received sentences for attempted murder, assault, robbery, and dealing narcotics, and has spent more than half of his life in prison in Sw ...
, defusing the Norrmalmstorg hostage crisis. The behaviours of the hostages later give rise to the term ''
Stockholm syndrome Stockholm syndrome is a proposed condition or theory that tries to explain why hostages sometimes develop a psychological bond with their captors. Emotional bonds can possibly form between captors and captives, during intimate time together, ...
''. * 1988Ramstein air show disaster: Three aircraft of the Frecce Tricolori demonstration team collide and the wreckage falls into the crowd. Seventy-five are killed and 346 seriously injured. *
1990 Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South ...
Gulf War , combatant2 = , commander1 = , commander2 = , strength1 = Over 950,000 soldiers3,113 tanks1,800 aircraft2,200 artillery systems , page = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-PEMD-96- ...
:
Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...
declares
Kuwait Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia and the geopolitical region known as the Middle East. It is situated in the northern edge of the Arabian Peninsula at the head of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to Iraq–Kuwait ...
to be its newest
province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
. * 1990 – An F5 tornado strikes the
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...
cities of Plainfield and Joliet, killing 29 people. *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...
's ''Galileo'' probe performs a flyby of the asteroid 243 Ida. Astronomers later discover a moon, the first known asteroid moon, in pictures from the flyby and name it Dactyl. * 1993 – Singaporean presidential election: Former Deputy Prime Minister
Ong Teng Cheong Ong Teng Cheong (22 January 1936 – 8 February 2002) was a Singaporean statesman, architect and union leader who served as the fifth president of Singapore between 1993 and 1999. Born when Singapore was a part of the Singapore in the Straits ...
is elected
President of Singapore The president of the Republic of Singapore, is the head of state of Singapore. The president represents the country in official diplomatic functions and possesses certain executive powers over the government of Singapore, including the contro ...
. Although it is the first presidential election to be determined by popular vote, the allowed candidates consist only of Ong and a reluctant whom the government had asked to run to confer upon the election the semblance of an opposition. * 1993 – The autonomous Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia in
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
is transformed into the
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia The Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia () was an unrecognized geopolitical entity and quasi-state in Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was proclaimed on 18 November 1991 under the name Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bos ...
. * 1993 – A Tajikistan Airlines
Yakovlev Yak-40 The Yakovlev Yak-40 (; NATO reporting name: Codling) is a regional jet designed in Soviet Union by Yakovlev. The trijet's maiden flight was in 1966, and it was in production from 1967 to 1981. It was introduced to service in 1968, with export mo ...
crashes during takeoff from
Khorog Airport Khorog Airport (; ), is an airport serving Khorog (also spelled Khorugh), a city in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan. History Tajik Air resumed flights on the Dushanbe – Khorog – Dushanbe route from September 30, 202 ...
in Tajikistan, killing 82. *
1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
Chicago Seven defendant David Dellinger, antiwar activist Bradford Lyttle, Civil Rights Movement historian Randy Kryn, and eight others are arrested by the Federal Protective Service while protesting in a demonstration at the Kluczynski Federal Building in downtown
Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...
during that year's Democratic National Convention. *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
's
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
passes a
constitutional A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...
amendment to make the "
Qur'an The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God ('' Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides ...
and
Sunnah is the body of traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow. The sunnah is what all the Muslims of Muhammad's time supposedly saw, followed, and passed on to the next generations. Diff ...
" the "supreme law" but the bill is defeated in the
Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
. * 1998 – Second Congo War: Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Loyalist troops backed by Angolan and Zimbabwean forces repulse the Rally for Congolese Democracy, RCD and Rwandan offensive on Kinshasa. *1999 – The Russian space mission Soyuz TM-29 reaches completion, ending nearly 10 years of continuous occupation on the space station ''Mir'' as it approaches the end of its life. *2003 – In "one of the most complicated and bizarre crimes in the annals of the FBI", Death of Brian Wells, Brian Wells dies after becoming involved in a complex plot involving a bank robbery, a scavenger hunt, and a Improvised explosive device, homemade explosive device. *2009 – NASA's Space Shuttle Discovery, Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' launches on STS-128. *2016 – The first experimental mission of Indian Space Research Organisation, ISRO's Scramjet Engine towards the realisation of an Air Breathing Propulsion System is successfully conducted from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota. *2017 – 2017 China–India border standoff, China–India border standoff: China and India both pull their troops out of Doklam, putting an end to a two-month-long stalemate over China's construction of a road in disputed territory. *2022 – 2022 Phoenix shooting: A man opens fire on pedestrians outside of a hotel in Phoenix, Arizona, resulting in the deaths of 3 people, including the perpetrator.


Births


Pre-1600

*1023 – Emperor Go-Reizei, Go-Reizei, emperor of Japan (died 1068) *1366 – Jean Le Maingre, marshal of France (died 1421) *1476 – Kanō Motonobu, Japanese painter (died 1559) *1481 – Francisco de Sá de Miranda, Portuguese poet (died 1558) *1582 – Taichang Emperor, Taichang, emperor of China (died 1620) *1591 – John Christian of Brieg, duke of Brzeg (died 1639) *1592 – George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English courtier and politician (died 1628)


1601–1900

*1612 – Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch linguist and scholar (died 1653) *1667 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, queen of Denmark and Norway (died 1721) *1691 – Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empress (died 1750) *1714 – Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, Anthony Ulrich, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (died 1774) *1728 – John Stark, American general (died 1822) *1739 – Agostino Accorimboni, Italian composer (died 1818) *1749 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German novelist, poet, playwright, and diplomat (died 1832) *1774 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, American nun and saint, co-founded the Sisters of Charity Federation in the Vincentian-Setonian Tradition (died 1821) *1801 – Antoine Augustin Cournot, French mathematician and philosopher (died 1877) *1814 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish author (died 1873) *1816 – Charles Sladen, English-Australian politician, 6th Premier of Victoria (died 1884) *1822 – Graham Berry, English-Australian politician, 11th Premier of Victoria (died 1904) *1827 – Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia, Catherine Mikhailovna, Russian grand duchess (died 1894) *
1833 Events January–March * January 3 – The United Kingdom reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. * February 6 (January 25 on the Greek calendar) – Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria arr ...
– Edward Burne-Jones, English artist of the Pre-Raphaelite movement (died 1898) *1837 – Francis, Duke of Teck, Francis von Hohenstein, duke of Teck (died 1900) *1840 – Alexander Cameron Sim, Scottish-Japanese pharmacist and businessman, founded Kobe Regatta & Athletic Club (died 1900) *1853 – Vladimir Shukhov, Russian architect and engineer, designed the Adziogol Lighthouse (died 1939) * 1859 – Matilda Howell, American archer (died 1938) * 1859 – Vittorio Sella, Italian mountaineer and photographer (died 1943) *
1867 There were only 354 days this year in the newly purchased territory of Alaska. When the territory transferred from the Russian Empire to the United States, the calendric transition from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar was made with only 1 ...
– Umberto Giordano, Italian composer and academic (died 1948) *1878 – George Whipple, American physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1976) *1884 – Peter Fraser, Scottish-New Zealand journalist and politician, 24th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1950) *1885 – Vance Palmer, Australian author, playwright, and critic (died 1959) *1887 – August Kippasto, Estonian-Australian wrestler and poet (died 1973) * 1887 – István Kühár, Slovenian priest and politician (died 1922) *1888 – Evadne Price, Australian actress, astrologer, and author (died 1985) *1891 – Benno Schotz, Estonian-Scottish sculptor and engineer (died 1984) *1894 – Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor and director (died 1981) *1896 – Firaq Gorakhpuri, Indian author, poet, and critic (died 1982) *
1898 Events January * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queen ...
– Charlie Grimm, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (died 1983) *1899 – Charles Boyer, French-American actor, singer, and producer (died 1978) * 1899 – Andrei Platonov, Russian author and poet (died 1951) * 1899 – James Wong Howe, Chinese American cinematographer (died 1976)


1901–present

*1903 – Bruno Bettelheim, Austrian-American psychologist and author (died 1990) *1904 – Secondo Campini, Italian-American engineer (died 1980) * 1904 – Leho Laurine, Estonian chess player (died 1998) *1905 – Cyril Walters, Welsh-English cricketer (died 1992) *1906 – John Betjeman, English poet and academic (died 1984) *1908 – Roger Tory Peterson, American ornithologist and author (died 1996) *1910 – Morris Graves, American painter and academic (died 2001) * 1910 – Tjalling Koopmans, Dutch-American mathematician and economist Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1985) *1911 – Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and diplomat, 5th Secretary General of NATO (died 2002) *
1913 Events January * January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city. * January 3 &ndash ...
– Robertson Davies, Canadian journalist, author, and playwright (died 1995) * 1913 – Jack Dreyfus, American businessman, founded the Dreyfus Corporation (died 2009) * 1913 – Lindsay Hassett, Australian cricketer and sportscaster (died 1993) * 1913 – Robert Irving (conductor), Robert Irving, English conductor and director (died 1991) * 1913 – Terence Reese, English bridge player and author (died 1996) * 1913 – Richard Tucker (tenor), Richard Tucker, American tenor and actor (died 1975) *1915 – Max Robertson, Bengal-born English sportscaster and author (died 2009) * 1915 – Tasha Tudor, American author and illustrator (died 2008) * 1916 – Hélène Baillargeon, Canadian singer and actress (died 1997) * 1916 – C. Wright Mills American sociologist and author (died 1962) * 1916 – Jack Vance, American author (died 2013) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– Jack Kirby, American author and illustrator (died 1994) *1918 – L. B. Cole, American illustrator and publisher (died 1995) *1919 – Godfrey Hounsfield, English biophysicist and engineer Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2004) *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...
– John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist and engineer (died 1979) * 1921 – Fernando Fernán Gómez, Spanish actor, director, and playwright (died 2007) * 1921 – Nancy Kulp, American actress and soldier (died 1991) * 1921 – Lidia Gueiler Tejada, the first female President of Bolivia (died 2011) * 1924 – Janet Frame, New Zealand author and poet (died 2004) * 1924 – Tony MacGibbon, New Zealand cricketer and engineer (died 2010) * 1924 – Peggy Ryan, American actress and dancer (died 2004) * 1924 – Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Ukrainian-American rabbi and author (died 2014) *1925 – Billy Grammer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2011) * 1925 – Donald O'Connor, American actor, singer, and dancer (died 2003) * 1925 – Philip Purser, English author and critic (died 2022) *1928 – F. William Free, American businessman (died 2003) * 1928 – Vilayat Khan, Indian sitar player and composer (died 2004) *1929 – István Kertész (conductor), István Kertész, Hungarian conductor (died 1973) * 1929 – Roxie Roker, American actress (died 1995) *1930 – Windsor Davies, British actor (died 2019) * 1930 – Ben Gazzara, American actor (died 2012) *1931 – Tito Capobianco, Argentinian director and producer (died 2018) * 1931 – Cristina Deutekom, Dutch soprano and actress (died 2014) * 1931 – Ola L. Mize, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (died 2014) * 1931 – John Shirley-Quirk, English actor, singer, and educator (died 2014) * 1931 – Roger Williams (hepatologist), Roger Williams, English hepatologist and academic (died 2020) *1932 – Yakir Aharonov, Israeli academic and educator * 1932 – Andy Bathgate, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (died 2016) *1933 – Philip French, English journalist, critic, and producer (died 2015) * 1933 – Patrick Kalilombe, Malawian bishop and theologian (died 2012) *1935 – Melvin Charney, Canadian sculptor and architect (died 2012) * 1935 – Gilles Rocheleau, Canadian businessman and politician (died 1998) * 1935 – Sonny Shroyer, American actor *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
– Don Denkinger, American baseball player and umpire (died 2023) * 1936 – Warren M. Washington, American atmospheric scientist *1938 – Marla Adams, American actress (died 2024) * 1938 – Maurizio Costanzo, Italian journalist and academic (died 2023) * 1938 – Bengt Fahlström, Swedish journalist (died 2017) * 1938 – Marcello Gandini, Italian automotive designer (died 2024) * 1938 – Paul Martin, Canadian lawyer and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Canada *1939 – John Kingman, English mathematician and academic *1940 – William Cohen, American lawyer and politician, 20th United States Secretary of Defense * 1940 – Ken Jenkins, American actor * 1940 – Roger Pingeon, French cyclist (died 2017) *1941 – Michael Craig-Martin, Irish painter and illustrator * 1941 – Toomas Leius, Estonian tennis player and coach * 1941 – John Stanley Marshall, English drummer (died 2023) * 1941 – Paul Plishka, American opera singer *1942 – Wendy Davies, Welsh historian and academic * 1942 – Jorge Urosa, Venezuelan cardinal (died 2021) *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
– Jihad Al-Atrash, Lebanese actor and voice actor * 1943 – Surayud Chulanont, Thai general and politician, 24th Prime Minister of Thailand * 1943 – Robert Greenwald, American director and producer * 1943 – Shuja Khanzada, Pakistani colonel and politician (died 2015) * 1943 – Lou Piniella, American baseball player and manager * 1943 – David Soul, American actor and singer (died 2024) *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
– Marianne Heemskerk, Dutch swimmer *1945 – Bob Segarini, American-Canadian singer-songwriter (died 2023) *1947 – Emlyn Hughes, English footballer (died 2004) * 1947 – Debra Mooney, American actress * 1947 – Liza Wang, Hong Kong actress and singer *1948 – Vonda N. McIntyre, American author (died 2019) * 1948 – Murray Parker (cricketer), Murray Parker, New Zealand cricketer and educator * 1948 – Heather Reisman, Canadian publisher and businesswoman * 1948 – Danny Seraphine, American drummer and producer * 1948 – Elizabeth Wilmshurst, English academic and jurist *1949 – Hugh Cornwell, English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1949 – Svetislav Pešić, Serbian basketball player and coach *1950 – Ron Guidry, American baseball player and coach * 1950 – Tony Husband, English cartoonist (died 2023) *1951 – Colin McAdam (footballer), Colin McAdam, Scottish footballer (died 2013) * 1951 – Wayne Osmond, American singer-songwriter and actor (died 2025) * 1951 – Keiichi Suzuki (composer), Keiichi Suzuki, Japanese singer-songwriter *1952 – Jacques Chagnon, Canadian educator and politician * 1952 – Rita Dove, American poet and essayist * 1952 – Wendelin Wiedeking, German businessman *1953 – Ditmar Jakobs, German footballer * 1953 – Tõnu Kaljuste, Estonian conductor and journalist *1954 – Katharine Abraham, American feminist economist * 1954 – George M. Church, American geneticist, chemist, and engineer * 1954 – John Dorahy, Australian rugby player and coach * 1954 – Ravi Kanbur, Indian-English economist and academic *1956 – Luis Guzmán, Puerto Rican-American actor and producer * 1956 – John Long (basketball player), John Long, American basketball player * 1956 – Steve Whiteman, American singer-songwriter *
1957 Events January * January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany. * January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricke ...
– Greg Clark, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government * 1957 – Ivo Josipović, Croatian lawyer, jurist, and politician, 3rd President of Croatia * 1957 – Daniel Stern (actor), Daniel Stern, American actor and director * 1957 – Ai Weiwei, Chinese sculptor and activist *1958 – Scott Hamilton (figure skater), Scott Hamilton, American figure skater *1959 – Brian Thompson (actor), Brian Thompson, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter *1960 – Emma Samms, English actress *1961 – Kim Appleby, English singer-songwriter and actress * 1961 – Cliff Benson, American football player * 1961 – Jennifer Coolidge, American actress * 1961 – Ian Pont, English cricketer and coach * 1961 – Deepak Tijori, Indian actor and director *1962 – Paul Allen (footballer), Paul Allen, English footballer * 1962 – Craig Anton, American actor and screenwriter * 1962 – David Fincher, American director and producer *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
– Maria Gheorghiu, Romanian folk singer-songwriter * 1963 – Regina Jacobs, American runner *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 – In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patria ...
– Lee Janzen, American golfer * 1964 – Kaj Leo Johannesen, Faroese footballer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands *1965 – Dan Crowley (rugby player), Dan Crowley, Australian rugby player * 1965 – Sonia Kruger, Australian television host and actress * 1965 – Satoshi Tajiri, Japanese video game developer; created ''Pokémon'' * 1965 – Amanda Tapping, British-Canadian actress and director * 1965 – Shania Twain, Canadian singer-songwriter *1966 – Priya Dutt, Indian social worker and politician *1967 – Jamie Osborne (jockey), Jamie Osborne, English jockey and trainer *
1968 Events January–February * January 1968, January – The I'm Backing Britain, I'm Backing Britain campaign starts spontaneously. * January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Cze ...
– Billy Boyd (actor), Billy Boyd, Scottish actor and singer *1969 – Jack Black, American actor and comedian * 1969 – Mary McCartney, English photographer and activist * 1969 – Jason Priestley, Canadian actor, director, and producer * 1969 – Sheryl Sandberg, American business executive * 1969 – Pierre Turgeon, Canadian-American ice hockey player *1970 – Melina Aslanidou, German-Greek singer-songwriter * 1970 – Rick Recht, American singer-songwriter *1971 – Shane Andrews, American baseball player * 1971 – Todd Eldredge, American figure skater and coach * 1971 – Janet Evans, American swimmer * 1971 – Daniel Goddard (actor), Daniel Goddard, Australian-American actor * 1971 – Raúl Márquez, Mexican-American boxer and sportscaster *1972 – Ravindu Shah, Kenyan cricketer * 1972 – Jay Witasick, American baseball player and coach *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
– J. August Richards, American actor *1974 – Johan Andersson (game programmer), Johan Andersson, Swedish game designer and programmer * 1974 – Takahito Eguchi, Japanese pianist and composer * 1974 – Carsten Jancker, German footballer and manager *1975 – Jamie Cureton, English footballer * 1975 – Gareth Farrelly, Irish footballer and manager * 1975 – Hamish McLachlan, Australian television personality * 1975 – Royce Willis, New Zealand rugby player *1976 – Federico Magallanes, Uruguayan footballer *1978 – Karine Turcotte, Canadian weightlifter *1979 – Shaila Dúrcal, Spanish singer-songwriter * 1979 – Robert Hoyzer, German footballer and referee * 1979 – Kristen Hughes, Australian netball player * 1979 – Markus Pröll, German footballer * 1979 – Ruth Riley, American basketball player *1980 – Antony Hämäläinen, Finnish singer-songwriter * 1980 – Debra Lafave, American sex offender and former teacher * 1980 – Ryan Madson, American baseball player * 1980 – Jaakko Ojaniemi, Finnish decathlete * 1980 – Carly Pope, Canadian actress and producer * 1980 – Jonathan Reynolds, English lawyer and politician * 1981 – Kezia Dugdale, Scottish politician * 1981 – Daniel Gygax, Swiss footballer * 1981 – Raphael Matos, Brazilian race car driver * 1981 – Jake Owen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1981 – Ahmed Talbi, Moroccan footballer * 1981 – Agata Wróbel, Polish weightlifter *1982 – Anderson Silva de França, Brazilian footballer * 1982 – Kevin McNaughton, Scottish footballer * 1982 – Thiago Motta, Brazilian-Italian footballer * 1982 – Carlos Quentin, American baseball player * 1982 – LeAnn Rimes, American singer-songwriter and actress *1983 – Lasith Malinga, Sri Lankan cricketer * 1983 – Luke McAlister, New Zealand rugby player * 1983 – Lilli Schwarzkopf, German heptathlete *1984 – Will Harris (baseball), Will Harris, American baseball player *1985 – Kjetil Jansrud, Norwegian skier *1986 – Jeff Green (basketball), Jeff Green, American basketball player * 1986 – Armie Hammer, American actor * 1986 – Tommy Hanson, American baseball player (died 2015) * 1986 – Simon Mannering, New Zealand rugby league player * 1986 – Gilad Shalit, Israeli soldier and hostage * 1986 – Florence Welch, English singer-songwriter *1987 – Caleb Moore, American snowmobile racer (died 2013) * 1988 – Shalita Grant, American actress * 1988 – Rosie MacLennan, Canadian trampoline gymnast *1989 – César Azpilicueta, Spanish footballer * 1989 – Valtteri Bottas, Finnish race car driver * 1989 – Jo Kwon, South Korean singer and dancer * 1989 – Cassadee Pope, American singer-songwriter *
1990 Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South ...
– Katie Findlay, Canadian actor * 1990 – Bojan Krkić, Spanish footballer *1991 – Felicio Brown Forbes, German footballer * 1991 – Samuel Larsen, American actor and singer * 1991 – Kyle Massey, American actor * 1991 – Andreja Pejić, Bosnian model *1992 – Bismack Biyombo, Congolese basketball player * 1992 – Max Collins (actress), Max Collins, American-Filipino actress and model * 1992 – Gabriela Drăgoi, Romanian gymnast *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
– Jakub Sokolík, Czech footballer *1994 – Manon Arcangioli, French tennis player * 1994 – Ons Jabeur, Tunisian tennis player *
1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
– Kim Se-jeong, South Korean actress and singer *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...
– Weston McKennie, American soccer player *2000 – Marissa Bode, American actress *2001 – Kamilla Rakhimova, Russian tennis player *2003 – Quvenzhané Wallis, American actress


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 388 – Magnus Maximus, Roman emperor (born 335) * 430 – Augustine of Hippo, Algerian bishop, theologian, and saint (born 354) * 476 –
Orestes In Greek mythology, Orestes or Orestis (; ) was the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and the brother of Electra and Iphigenia. He was also known by the patronymic Agamemnonides (), meaning "son of Agamemnon." He is the subject of several ...
, Roman general and politician * 632
Fatimah Fatima bint Muhammad (; 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fatima al-Zahra' (), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Khadija. Fatima's husband was Ali, the fourth of the Rashidun caliphs and ...
, daughter of
Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...
(born 605) * 683 – Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, ajaw of the city-state of Palenque (born 615) * 770 – Empress Kōken, Kōken, emperor of Japan (born 718) * 876 – Louis the German, Frankish king (born 804) * 919 – He Gui, Chinese general (born 858) *1055 – Emperor Xingzong of Liao, Xing Zong, Chinese emperor (born 1016) *1149 – Mu'in ad-Din Unur, Turkish ruler and regent *1231 – Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark *1341 – Levon IV of Armenia, Levon IV, king of Armenia (born 1309) *1406 – John de Sutton V, Baron Dudley, Baron Sutton of Dudley (born 1380) *1481 – Afonso V of Portugal, Afonso V, king of Portugal (born 1432) *1540 – Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, Federico II Gonzaga, duke of Mantua (born 1500)


1601–1900

*
1609 Events January–March * January 12 – The Basque witch trials are started in Spain as the court of the Spanish Inquisition, Inquisition at Logroño receives a letter from the commissioner of the village of Zugarramurdi, and ...
– Francis Vere, English governor and general *1645 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch playwright, philosopher, and jurist (born 1583) *1646 – Johannes Banfi Hunyades, English-Hungarian alchemist, chemist and metallurgist. (born 1576) * 1648 – Sir George Lisle, George Lisle, English general (born 1610) * 1648 – Charles Lucas, English general (born 1613) *1654 – Axel Oxenstierna, Swedish lawyer and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (born 1583) *1665 – Elisabetta Sirani, Italian painter (born 1638) *1678 – John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1602) *1735 – Edwin Stead, English landowner and cricketer (born 1701) *1757 – David Hartley (philosopher), David Hartley, English psychologist and philosopher (born 1705) *1761 – Melchor de Navarrete, Spanish colonial governor of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia, 1739–1742); of Spanish Florida (1749–1752); and of Yucatán (Mexico, 1754–1758) (born 1693) *1784 – Junípero Serra, Spanish priest and missionary (born 1713) *1793 – Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine, French general (born 1740) *1805 – Alexander Carlyle, Scottish church leader and author (born 1722) *1818 – Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, American fur trader, founded Chicago (born 1750) *1820 – Andrew Ellicott, American surveyor and urban planner (born 1754) *1832 – Edward Dando, English thief *1839 – William Smith (geologist), William Smith, English geologist and engineer (born 1769) *1888 – Julius Krohn, Finnish poet and journalist (born 1835) *1891 – Robert Caldwell, English missionary and linguist (born 1814) *1900 – Henry Sidgwick, English economist and philosopher (born 1838)


1901–present

*1903 – Frederick Law Olmsted, American journalist and architect, co-designed Central Park (born 1822) *1919 – Adolf Schmal, Austrian fencer and cyclist (born 1872) *1934 – Edgeworth David, Welsh-Australian geologist and explorer (born 1858) *
1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Feb ...
– George Prendergast, Australian politician, 28th Premier of Victoria (born 1854) *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
– Georg Hellat, Estonian architect (born 1870) * 1943 – Boris III of Bulgaria (born 1894) * 1955
Emmett Till Emmett Louis Till (July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955) was an African American youth, who was 14 years old when he was abducted and Lynching in the United States, lynched in Mississippi in 1955 after being accused of offending a white woman, ...
, African-American kidnapping and lynching victim (born 1941) *1959 – Bohuslav Martinů, Czech-American composer and educator (born 1890) *1965 – Giulio Racah, Italian-Israeli physicist and mathematician (born 1909) *
1968 Events January–February * January 1968, January – The I'm Backing Britain, I'm Backing Britain campaign starts spontaneously. * January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Cze ...
– Dimitris Pikionis, Greek architect and academic (born 1887) *1971 – Reuvein Margolies, Israeli author and scholar (born 1889) *1972 – Prince William of Gloucester (born 1941) *1975 – Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor (born 1907) *1976 – Anissa Jones, American actress (born 1958) *1978 – Bruce Catton, American historian and journalist (born 1899) * 1978 – Robert Shaw (actor), Robert Shaw, English actor (born 1927) *1981 – Béla Guttmann, Hungarian footballer, coach, and manager (born 1899)David Bolchover (2017)
''The Greatest Comeback: From Genocide To Football Glory; The Story of Béla Guttman''
/ref> *1982 – Geoff Chubb, South African cricketer (born 1911) *1984 – Muhammad Naguib, Egyptian general and politician, 1st President of Egypt (born 1901) *1985 – Ruth Gordon, American actress and screenwriter (born 1896) *1986 – Russell Lee (photographer), Russell Lee, American photographer and journalist (born 1903) *1987 – John Huston, Irish actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1906) * 1988 – Jean Marchand, Canadian union leader and politician, 43rd Secretary of State for Canada (born 1918) * 1988 – Max Shulman, American author and screenwriter (born 1919) *1989 – John Steptoe, American author and illustrator (born 1950) *
1990 Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South ...
– Willy Vandersteen, Belgian author and illustrator (born 1913) *1991 – Alekos Sakellarios, Greek director and screenwriter (born 1913) *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
– William Stafford (poet), William Stafford, American poet and academic (born 1914) *1995 – Earl W. Bascom, American rodeo performer and painter (born 1906) * 1995 – Michael Ende, German scientist and author (born 1929) *2005 – Jacques Dufilho, French actor (born 1914) * 2005 – Esther Szekeres, Hungarian-Australian mathematician and academic (born 1910) * 2005 – George Szekeres, Hungarian-Australian mathematician and academic (born 1911) *2006 – Heino Lipp, Estonian shot putter and discus thrower (born 1922) * 2006 – Benoît Sauvageau, Canadian educator and politician (born 1963) * 2006 – Melvin Schwartz, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1932) *2007 – Arthur Jones (inventor), Arthur Jones, American businessman, founded Nautilus, Inc. and MedX Corporation (born 1926) * 2007 – Hilly Kristal, American businessman, founded CBGB (born 1932) * 2007 – Paul MacCready, American engineer and businessman, founded AeroVironment (born 1925) * 2007 – Francisco Umbral, Spanish journalist and author (born 1935) * 2007 – Miyoshi Umeki, Japanese-American actress (born 1929) *2008 – Phil Hill, American race car driver (born 1927) *2009 – DJ AM, Adam Goldstein, American drummer, DJ, and producer (born 1973) * 2009 – Richard Egan (businessman), Richard Egan, US Ambassador, Owner of Dell EMC, Engineer (born 1936) *2010 – William P. Foster, American bandleader and educator (born 1919) *2011 – Bernie Gallacher, English footballer (born 1967) *2012 – Rhodes Boyson, English educator and politician (born 1925) * 2012 – Shulamith Firestone, Canadian-American activist and author (born 1945) * 2012 – Dick McBride (poet), Dick McBride, American author, poet, and playwright (born 1928) * 2012 – Saul Merin, Polish-Israeli ophthalmologist and academic (born 1933) * 2012 – Ramón Sota, Spanish golfer (born 1938) *2013 – John Bellany, Scottish painter and academic (born 1942) * 2013 – Lorella Cedroni, Italian political scientist and philosopher (born 1961) * 2013 – Edmund B. Fitzgerald, American businessman (born 1926) * 2013 – Frank Pulli, American baseball player and umpire (born 1935) * 2013 – Barry Stobart, English footballer (born 1938) * 2013 – Rafael Díaz Ycaza, Ecuadorian journalist, author, and poet (born 1925) *2014 – Glenn Cornick, English bass guitarist (born 1947) * 2014 – Hal Finney (computer scientist), Hal Finney, American cryptographer and programmer (born 1956) * 2014 – John Anthony Walker, American soldier and spy (born 1937) *2015 – Al Arbour, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (born 1932) * 2015 – Mark Krasniqi, Kosovan ethnographer, poet, and translator (born 1920) * 2015 – Nelson Shanks, American painter and educator (born 1937) *2016 – Juan Gabriel, Mexican singer and songwriter (born 1950) * 2016 – Mr. Fuji, American professional wrestler and manager (born 1934) *2017 – Mireille Darc, French actress and model (born 1938) *2020 – Chadwick Boseman, American actor and playwright (born 1976) *2024 – Obi Ndefo, American actor (born 1972) *2024 – Steve Silberman, American writer and journalist (born 1957)


Holidays and observances

*Christian Calendar of saints, feast day: **Alexander of Constantinople **Augustine of Hippo **Edmund Arrowsmith **Saint Hermes, Hermes **Moses the Black **August 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *National Grandparents Day (Mexico)


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:August 28 Days of August