Awlad Mandil or Banu Mandil were a ruling family of the

Maghrawa The Maghrawa or Meghrawa () were a large Berber tribal confederation in North Africa. They are the largest branch of the Zenata confederation. Their traditional territories around the time of Muslim expansion into the Maghreb in the 7th century ...

, a

Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa * Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages Places * Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile People with the surname * Ady Berber (1913–196 ...

dynasty, that controlled several territories in

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

approximately from c. 1160 to 1372. The Maghrawa were a prominent Berber tribe influential in the medieval history of the western

Maghreb The Maghreb (; ), also known as the Arab Maghreb () and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world. The region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. The Maghreb al ...

, with the Awlad Mandil family playing a key role in regional governance and politics during the later

Almohad The Almohad Caliphate (; or or from ) or Almohad Empire was a North African Berber Muslim empire founded in the 12th century. At its height, it controlled much of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) and North Africa (the Maghreb). The Almohad ...

and

Marinid The Marinid dynasty ( ) was a Berber Muslim dynasty that controlled present-day Morocco from the mid-13th to the 15th century and intermittently controlled other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula ...

periods.

History

Khazrun ben Falful is said to be the first ancestor of the

Banu Khazrun The Banu Khazrun were a family of the Maghrawa that ruled Tripoli from 1001 to 1146. History During the 10th century, the region of Ifriqiya and Tripolitania came under the control of the Fatimid Caliphate. After the Fatimids moved their capit ...

, the ruling dynasty of

Tripoli Tripoli or Tripolis (from , meaning "three cities") may refer to: Places Greece *Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece * Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in the Pelasgiotis district, Thessaly, near Larissa ...

from 1001 to 1146. Several branches are said to originate from the Banu Khazrum, the main ones being the rulers of Tripoli and

Chelif Chelif River () (also spelled Chéliff, or Sheliff) is a river in Algeria, the longest in the country. It rises in the Saharan Atlas near the city of Aflou, flows through the Tell Atlas and empties into the Mediterranean Sea north of the city ...

. This last one originated from Abu Nas, whose son was Ibn Abu Nas, from whom Mandil I descended, the Almohad governor of Chelif c. 1160. His son, Abd al-Rhaman ben Mandil also became governor of Chelif c. 1180. Mandil II ben Abd al-Rahman was governor of Chelif, Uarsenis, Madiyya (

Médéa Médéa () is the capital city of Médéa Province, Algeria. It is located roughly 68 km south of Algiers. The present-day city is situated on the site of an ancient Roman military post and has a history dating back to the 10th century. The ...

) and Mitidja c. 1190-1126 and died in 1126 at the hands of Yahya Ibn Ghaniya, who occupied Mitidja. Mandil II had several sons, the first of which was Al Abbas ben Mandil, governor of Chelif 1226-1249, who lost his fathers gains in wars against the Banu Tudjin. He was forced back into the heartlands of lower Chelif. However, the intervention of the

Hafsids The Hafsid dynasty ( ) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descentC. Magbaily Fyle, ''Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa'', (University Press of America, 1999), 84. that ruled Ifriqiya (modern day Tunisia, w ...

in the area changed Al Abbas' fortunes. In exchange for becoming a buffer vassal state for the Hafsids, al-ʿAbbas received Mliana,

Ténès Ténès (; from Berber TNS 'camping') is a town in Algeria located around 200 kilometers west of the capital Algiers. , it has a population of 65,000 people. History Ténès was founded as a Phoenician port in or before the 8th centuryBC. As ...

, Brechk and

Cherchell Cherchell () is a town on Algeria's Mediterranean coast, west of Algiers. It is the seat of Cherchell District in Tipaza Province. Under the names Iol and Caesarea, it was formerly a Roman colony and the capital of the kingdoms of Numidia ...

. Other sons of Mandil II included, Muhammad I ben Mandil, heir of his brother 1249-1263 (killed by Aid); Aid ben Mandil, governor of Uersenis and Madiyya 1263-1269; Umar ben Mandil, emir of

1269-1278. He was installed with the assistance of the Yaghmurasen, to whome he gave Milliana Muhammad ben Thabit became the

emir Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person po ...

from 1294 to 1295 in the absence of his father. The

Abdalwadid The Zayyanid dynasty or Ziyanids (, ''Ziyāniyyūn'') or Abd al-Wadids (, ''Bānu ʿAbd āl-Wād'') was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of Tlemcen in northwest Algeria. The ...

dynasty occupied their lands in 1295. Rashid ben Thabit ben Mandil asked for help from the

dynasty of

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

(1295), but the emirate was assigned to Umar ben Waghram ben Mandil (c. 1299-13002). Rashid revolted in Mazuna and defeated Umar ben Waghram, ruling the Maghrawa 1302-1310, allied to Hafsid dynasty of

Bugia Bugia may refer to: *Béjaïa, a port city in Eastern Algeria near the mountains of Little Kabylia *Béjaïa Province *a candlestick, especially used as the name for an additional candle carried by a server standing beside a bishop at some Christi ...

(Bidjaya) after 1307. In 1310 Rashid died, and his son Ali ben Rashid was deposed by the Hafsid dynasty, migrating to Morocco with his followers. In 1342, after a defeat of Hafsid against Marinids, he took Mliana, Tenes, Brechk and Cherchel, reestablishing the emirate of Maghrawa, however he committed suicide after being defeated by the Addalwadid (1351/1352). His son Hamza ben Ali moved to Morocco. He come back to Chelif and revolted with the help of the Maghrawa (1371) against Marinids, but was defeated in 1371, and fled to the lands of the tribe of Banu Husayn (that revolted against Marinids with the help of Abdalwadids) and took the title of emir of Titteri. Upon his defeat in Timzught, he was captured and executed (1372).

References

{{reflist Berber dynasties