An autobiographical comic (also autobio, graphic memoir, or autobiocomic) is an
autobiography
An autobiography, sometimes informally called an autobio, is a self-written account of one's own life.
It is a form of biography.
Definition
The word "autobiography" was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English p ...
in the form of
comic books
A comic book, also called comicbook, comic magazine or (in the United Kingdom and Ireland) simply comic, is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are of ...
or
comic strips
A comic strip is a Comics, sequence of drawings, often cartoons, arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often Serial (literature), serialized, with text in Speech balloon, balloons and Glossary of comics ter ...
. The form first became popular in the
underground comix
Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books that are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, ...
movement and has since become more widespread. It is currently most popular in Canadian, American and French comics; all artists listed below are from the U.S. unless otherwise specified.
Autobiographical comics are a form of biographical comics (also known as biocomics).
1880s
* Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (1846–1905) "made an attempt of an autobiographical comics exercise"Marcos Farrajota "Desassossego" (reprinting his article of introduction to Portuguese comics for ''Š!'' magazine) in his 1881 graphic reportage book ''No Lazareto de Lisboa'' ("The Lazaretto of Lisbon"), by including himself and personal thoughts. Some of Bordalo Pinheiro's panels and strips were also autobiographical, such as self-caricatures of personal anecdotes from his travel in Brazil.
1910s
* Fay King (1910s–1930s newspaper cartoonist) drew herself as a character later used as Olive Oyl in autobiographical strips portraying her reportages, opinions, and personal life.
* Hinko Smrekar (1883–1942, Slovenian painter, newspaper cartoonist) drew and wrote a 24-page booklet '' Črnovojnik'' about his experience in the army and army prisons. This self-ironical proto comic has been published in 1919 – two years after he finished it. All of the pages have up to four illustrations, some include typical comic book balloons. The complete text was handwritten.
1920s
* Carlos Botelho (1899–1982) had a weekly comic page in a "style that mixed up chronicle, autobiography, journalism, and satire" running from 1928 to 1950 in the Portuguese magazine ''Sempre Fixe''.
1930s
* Henry (Yoshitaka) Kiyama's ''
The Four Immigrants Manga
''The Four Immigrants Manga'' (1931), also known as , is a Japanese-language manga written and illustrated by Henry Kiyama (born , 1885–1951). It is an early example of autobiographical comics.
The manga was created around 1924–1927 as 52 " ...
'' (drawn 1924–1927, exhibited 1927 in San Francisco, self-published 1931). These 52 two-page strips drew from the experiences of Kiyama and three friends, mostly as Japanese student immigrants to San Francisco between 1904 and 1907, plus material up to 1924.
1940s
* The artist
Taro Yashima
was a Japanese-American artist and children's book author. He immigrated to the United States in 1939 and assisted the U.S. war effort.
Early life
Iwamatsu was born September 21, 1908, in Nejime, Kimotsuki District, Kagoshima, and raised there ...
(born Atsushi Iwamatsu) published his autobiographical graphic works ''The New Sun'' in 1943 and ''The New Horizon'' in 1947 (both written in English). The first book describes his early life as well his as his wife
Mitsu Yashima
was an artist, children's book author, and civic activist.
World War II and later years
Mitsu was the daughter of a shipbuilding company executive. She attended Kobe College, and later enrolled at Bunka Gakuin in Tokyo. In the 1930s, she join ...
's imprisonment and brutalization by the Tokkō (special higher police) in response to their antiwar, anti-Imperialist, and anti-militarist stance in the 1930s. The second book describes their post-prison life in Japan under militarist rule up until the time they emigrated to the United States in 1939.
*
Miné Okubo
Miné Okubo (; June 27, 1912 – February 10, 2001) was an American artist and writer. She is best known for her book '' Citizen 13660'', a collection of 198 drawings and accompanying text chronicling her experiences in Japanese American internme ...
published ''Citizen 13660'', a collection of 198 drawings and accompanying text chronicling the author's experiences in
Japanese American internment
Japanese may refer to:
* Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia
* Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan
* Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture
** Japanese diaspo ...
camps during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
. Named after the number assigned to her family unit, the book contains almost two hundred of Okubo's pen-and-ink sketches accompanied by explanatory text. Published in 1946, the book has been in print for more than 75 years.
1960s
1960s in Japan
*
Shinji Nagashima
, better known by the pen name , was a Japanese manga artist born in Tokyo, Japan. His pseudonym came about due to a publisher's error when printing his name, and he continued using the pseudonym after that.
His oldest son is classical guitarist ...
created ''Mangaka Zankoku Monogatari'' ("Cruel Tale of a Cartoonist") in 1961.
* Yoshiharu Tsuge published in 1966 his autobiographical story "Chiko" ("Chiko, the Java sparrow"), depicting his daily life as a struggling manga artist living with a bar hostess making most of their money. Published in the seminal magazine '' Garo'', it started the movement of ''Watakushi manga'' ("I manga", or "comics about me"). These short graphic nonfictions (including memoirs, chronicles, travel or dream diaries) were also represented by Yu Takita, Tadao Tsuge, and Shinichi Abe (see below).
* Yu Takita (1932–1990) started in 1968 his ''Terajima-cho'' stories ("Terajima neighborhood mystery tales"). They were series of vignettes about 1930s life in this Tokyo district where his parents ran a tavern.
* Tadao Tsuge started in 1968 his personal stories, later collected in '' Trash Market''.
USA
* Justin Green In 1969, Justin Green published his first autobiographical comic strip in Gotham Blimp Works #3 titled, "When I Was Sixteen 'Twas a Very Bad Year."
1970s
* Sam Glanzman started in April 1970 his ''U.S.S. Stevens'' autobio stories (1970–1977) about his war service, as 4-pagers in
DC Comics
DC Comics, Inc. (doing business as DC) is an American comic book publisher and the flagship unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery.
DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies, with their f ...
's title '' Our Army at War''. Beside memoirs of war actions he witnessed, many are personal vignettes of embarrassing moments, including as an artist. As comics historian John B. Cooke noted, those "autobiographical tales about the sometimes mundane, frequently horrifying experiences aboard a ''Fletcher''-class U.S. navy destroyer during World War II were beginning to appear regularly, debuting two years before '' Binky Brown''."
*
Shinichi Abe
Shin'ichi or Shinichi (しんいち, シンイチ) is a masculine Japanese given name. ''Shin'' and ''ichi'' are separated and it is pronounced .
Possible writings
Different kanji that are pronounced are combined with the kanji for " to give dif ...
(born 1950) started in 1971 his autobiographical series ''Miyoko Asagaya kibun'' ("The Miyoko Asagaya feeling" or "Miyoko, Asagaya's feeling") for '' Garo'' magazine. It chronicled his 1970s bohemian life with his model girlfriend Miyoko in the Asagaya district of Tokyo. (The manga was adapted into the 2009 film ''Miyoko''.)
* Justin Green, though not the first author of autobio comics, is generally acknowledged to have pioneered the confessional genre in English-language comics, because of the immediate influence of his "highly personal autobiographical comics" on other creators ( Kominski, Crumb,
Spiegelman Spi(e)gelman(n) (German for "mirror man") is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Art Spiegelman, American comics artist
*James Spigelman, Chief Justice of New South Wales
*Jeffrey Spiegelman, American politician
* Joel Spiegelman, ...
, Pekar, see below). This was done through the veiled autobio of his alter ego's "Binky Brown" stories, notably the March 1972 comic book '' Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary'', an extremely personal work dealing with Green's
Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...
and
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
ish background and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Binky Brown continued his adventures in "Sacred and Profane" with a story called ''Sweet Void of Youth''.
* In October 1972, Japanese
manga
Manga ( Japanese: 漫画 ) are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. The term ''manga'' is use ...
artist Keiji Nakazawa created the 48-page story " I Saw It" ("Ore wa Mita"), which told of his firsthand experience of the bombing of Hiroshima. (This was followed by the longer, fictionalized work '' Barefoot Gen'' (''Hadashi no Gen''), later adapted into three films.)
* Aline Kominsky followed Green in November 1972 with her veiled autobio 5-pager "Goldie, a Neurotic Woman" (in '' Wimmen's Comix'' #1).
*
Art Spiegelman
Art Spiegelman (; born Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman on February 15, 1948) is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel '' Maus''. His work as co-editor on the comics magazines '' Arcade'' and '' R ...
followed Green in 1973 with his 4-page "Prisoner on the Hell Planet" (in ''Short Order Comix'' #1), about his feelings after the suicide of his Holocaust-survivor mother (a strip later included in ''
Maus
''Maus'' is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Art Spiegelman, serialized from 1980 to 1991. It depicts Spiegelman interviewing his father about his experiences as a Polish Jew and Holocaust survivor. The work employs postmodern techniques ...
'', see below).
*
Robert Crumb
Robert Dennis Crumb (; born August 30, 1943) is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R. Crumb. His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and satire of contem ...
Dirty Laundry Comics
Dirt is an unclean matter, especially when in contact with a person's clothes, skin, or possessions. In such cases, they are said to become dirty.
Common types of dirt include:
* Debris: scattered pieces of waste or remains
* Dust: a genera ...
'' #1, a joint confessional comic book documenting their budding romance, though depicted aboard a fantasy spaceship.
* In 1976,
Harvey Pekar
Harvey Lawrence Pekar (; October 8, 1939 – July 12, 2010) was an American underground comic book writer, music critic, and media personality, best known for his autobiographical '' American Splendor'' comic series. In 2003, the series inspired a ...
began his long-running self-published series '' American Splendor'', which collected short stories written by Pekar, usually about his daily life as a file clerk, and illustrated by a variety of artists. The series led to Pekar meeting his wife Joyce Brabner, who later co-wrote their graphic novel '' Our Cancer Year'' (1994) about his battle with
lymphoma
Lymphoma is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). In current usage the name usually refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumours. Signs and symptoms may include enl ...
.
* In 1977, the Italian magazine ''Alter Alter'' starts publishing Andrea Pazienza's ''Le straordinarie avventure di Pentothal'' (Pentothal's Extraordinary Adventures), in which the author details in a
stream of consciousness
In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode or method that attempts "to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind" of a narrator. The term was coined by Daniel Oliver in 1840 in ''First L ...
his own experiences with drugs, arts, politics,
counterculture
A counterculture is a culture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, sometimes diametrically opposed to mainstream cultural mores.Eric Donald Hirsch. ''The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy''. Ho ...
, and the Movement of 1977, through a thinly veiled alter ego.
* In 1978, Eddie Campbell started his autobio strip "In the Days of the Ace Rock 'n' Roll Club" (March 1978 – March 1979). (This led to his ''Alec'' stories, see below.)
* In 1979, Malaysian cartoonist Lat published his childhood memoir ''
The Kampung Boy
''The Kampung Boy'', also known as ''Lat, the Kampung Boy'' or simply ''Kampung Boy'', is a graphic novel by Lat about a young boy's experience growing up in rural Perak in the 1950s. The book is an autobiographical account of the artist's l ...
'' (drawn 1977–1978).
* In the late 1970s,
Jim Valentino
Jim Valentino (born October 28, 1952) is an American writer, penciler, editor and publisher of comic books, best known for his 1990–1992 work on '' Guardians of the Galaxy'' for Marvel Comics, and for co-founding Image Comics, a company pub ...
began his career with some autobio minicomics, released in the early 1980s. In 1985, he published his autobio series ''Valentino'' (later collected in ''Vignettes''). In 1997, he created the semi-autobio series ''A Touch of Silver'' about a boy coming of age in the 1960s. In 2007, he revisited autobio with ''Drawings from Life'' (also collected in ''Vignettes'').
* Throughout the 1970s, autobiographical writing was prominent in the work of many female underground cartoonists, in anthologies such as '' Wimmen's Comix'', ranging from comical anecdotes to feminist commentary based on the artists' lives.
1980s
* In 1980,
Art Spiegelman
Art Spiegelman (; born Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman on February 15, 1948) is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel '' Maus''. His work as co-editor on the comics magazines '' Arcade'' and '' R ...
combined biography and autobiography in his Pulitzer Prize-winning ''
Maus
''Maus'' is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Art Spiegelman, serialized from 1980 to 1991. It depicts Spiegelman interviewing his father about his experiences as a Polish Jew and Holocaust survivor. The work employs postmodern techniques ...
'' (serialized 1980–1991), about his father's
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
experiences, his own relationship with his father, and the process of interviewing him for the book. This work had a major effect on the reception of comics in general upon the world of mainstream prose literature, awakening many to the potential of comics as a medium for stories other than adventure fantasy.
* In 1982, Eddie Campbell's ''Alec'' stories started with the Scottish/Australian artist as a young man drifting through life with his friends, and followed him through marriage, parenthood, and a successful artistic career. (They were later collected in ''The King Canute Crowd'', ''Three Piece Suit'', and other books.)
* Campbell's English colleague Glenn Dakin created the ''Abraham Rat'' stories (collected in ''Abe: Wrong for All the Right Reasons''), which began as fantasy and became more contemplative and autobiographical.
*
Spain Rodriguez
Manuel Rodriguez (March 2, 1940 – November 28, 2012), better known as Spain or Spain Rodriguez, was an American underground cartoonist who created the character Trashman. His experiences on the road with the motorcycle club, the Road Vultures M ...
drew a number of stories, collected in ''My True Story'', about being a motorcycle gang member in the 1950s.
*In the early 1980s, Carol Tyler shifted from making autobiographical paintings to comics. Her first published comics piece appeared in ''
Weirdo
Weirdo may refer to:
* An eccentric
* ''Weirdo'' (comics), an alternative comics anthology published by Last Gasp
* "Weirdo" (song), a single by the Charlatans UK off their album ''Between 10th and 11th''
* ''Weirdos'' (film), a 2016 Canadian d ...
'' in 1987.
* Underground legend
Robert Crumb
Robert Dennis Crumb (; born August 30, 1943) is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R. Crumb. His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and satire of contem ...
focused increasingly on autobiography in his 1980s stories in ''
Weirdo
Weirdo may refer to:
* An eccentric
* ''Weirdo'' (comics), an alternative comics anthology published by Last Gasp
* "Weirdo" (song), a single by the Charlatans UK off their album ''Between 10th and 11th''
* ''Weirdos'' (film), a 2016 Canadian d ...
'' magazine. Many other autobiographical shorts would appear in ''Weirdo'' by other artists, including his wife, Aline Kominsky-Crumb, Carol Tyler, Phoebe Gloeckner (see below in 1990s section), and
.
* In 1987, Sam Glanzman released his WWII graphic memoir ''A Sailor's Story'' (
Marvel Comics
Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a divsion of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, ''Magazine Management/Atlas Comics'' in 19 ...
), a more personal extension of his 1970s ''U.S.S. Stevens'' war stories.
*In 1988, Andrea Pazienza releases ''Pompeo'', his last graphic novel, depicting the gradual downfall of a heroin addict (a largely autobiographical character), up to his eventual suicide.
* Jim Woodring's unusual "autojournal" '' Jim'' combined dream art with occasional episodes of realistic autobiography.
* David Collier, a Canadian ex-soldier, published autobiographical and historical comics in ''Weirdo'' and later in his series ''Collier's''.
* In 1987,
DC Comics
DC Comics, Inc. (doing business as DC) is an American comic book publisher and the flagship unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery.
DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies, with their f ...
' anthology '' Wasteland'' (1987–1989) featured, unusually for a mainstream title, as well as more conventional forms of
black comedy
Black comedy, also known as dark comedy, morbid humor, or gallows humor, is a style of comedy that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo, particularly subjects that are normally considered serious or painful to discus ...
and
horror
Horror may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Genres
*Horror fiction, a genre of fiction
** Japanese horror, Japanese horror fiction
**Korean horror, Korean horror fiction
* Horror film, a film genre
*Horror comics, comic books focusing o ...
, semi-autobiographical stories based on the life of co-writer
Del Close
Del Close (March 9, 1934 – March 4, 1999) was an American actor, writer, and teacher who coached many of the best-known comedians and comic actors of the late twentieth century. In addition to an acting career in television and film, he was ...
. One of the stories also
parodied
A parody, also known as a spoof, a satire, a send-up, a take-off, a lampoon, a play on (something), or a caricature, is a creative work designed to imitate, comment on, and/or mock its subject by means of satiric or ironic imitation. Often its subj ...
the autobiographical stories of Harvey Pekar, portraying a version of Pekar's famous appearance on ''
Late Night with David Letterman
''Late Night with David Letterman'' is an American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman on NBC, the first iteration of the ''Late Night'' franchise. It premiered on February 1, 1982, and was produced by Letterman's production company ...
'', in which Pekar's vehement critique of
General Electric
General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate founded in 1892, and incorporated in New York state and headquartered in Boston. The company operated in sectors including healthcare, aviation, power, renewable energ ...
had earned him a longtime ban from the program.
* In 1989, John Porcellino started in his long-running autobio series '' King-Cat Comics'' (still ongoing).
1990s
Autobiographical work took the English-speaking
alternative comics
Alternative comics cover a range of American comics that have appeared since the 1980s, following the underground comix movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Alternative comics present an alternative to mainstream superhero comics which ...
scene by storm during this period, becoming a "signature genre" in much the way that superhero stories dominated American mainstream comic books. (The stereotypical example of an alternative autobiographical comic recounted the awkward moment which followed when, the cartoonist sitting alone in a coffee shop, their ex-girlfriend walks in.)
Slice of life
Slice of life is a depiction of mundane experiences in art and entertainment. In theater, slice of life refers to naturalism, while in literary parlance it is a narrative technique in which a seemingly arbitrary sequence of events in a characte ...
comics and comics strips gained popularity during this period as well. However, many artists pursued broader themes.
* Maltese-American
Joe Sacco
Joe Sacco (; born October 2, 1960) is a Maltese-American cartoonist and journalist. He is best known for his comics journalism, in particular in the books '' Palestine'' (1996) and '' Footnotes in Gaza'' (2009), on Israeli–Palestinian rela ...
appeared as a character in his
journalistic comics
Comics journalism is a form of journalism that covers news or nonfiction events using the framework of comics, a combination of words and drawn images. Typically, sources are actual people featured in each story, and word balloons are actual qu ...
, beginning with ''Yahoo'' (collected in ''Notes from a Defeatist'') and '' Palestine''.
* In the anthology series ''Real Stuff'', Dennis Eichhorn followed Pekar's example of writing true stories for others to illustrate, but unlike Pekar, emphasized unlikely tales of sex and violence. Many of the ''Real Stuff'' stories took place in Eichhorn's native state of
Idaho
Idaho ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border with the province of British Columbia. It borders the states of Montana and W ...
. In 1993, Eichhorn received an
Eisner Award
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards. They are named in ...
nomination for Best Writer and his ''Real Stuff'' series received nominations for both Best Continuing Series and Best Anthology. In 1994, ''Real Stuff'' again received an
Eisner Award
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards. They are named in ...
nomination for Best Anthology.
* One of the most popular self-published
mini-comic
A minicomic is a creator-published comic book, often photocopied and stapled or with a handmade binding. In the United Kingdom and Europe the term small press comic is equivalent with minicomic, reserved for those publications measuring A6 (105&n ...
s of the 1990s in America, ''
Silly Daddy
Born out of the American Independent Comics Movement, ''Silly Daddy'' is a comic book, graphic novel and webcomics blog by Joe Chiappetta. Started shortly after the birth of his first child in 1991, artist Joe Chiappetta began his career as "Silly ...
'', depicted
Joe Chiappetta
Born out of the American Independent Comics Movement, ''Silly Daddy'' is a comic book, graphic novel and webcomics blog by Joe Chiappetta. Started shortly after the birth of his first child in 1991, artist Joe Chiappetta began his career as "Silly ...
's parenthood and divorce, sometimes realistically and sometimes in a parallel fantasy story. The story continued in trade paperbacks and as a
webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on a website or mobile app. While many are published exclusively on the web, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be ...
.
*''The Job Thing'', 1993. Carol Tyler details her troubles with low paying jobs. A collection of stories originally published in Street Music Magazine.
*
Julie Doucet
Julie Doucet (born December 31, 1965) is a Canadian
's series '' Dirty Plotte'' (1991–1998), from Canada, began as a mix of outlandish fantasy and dream comics, but moved toward autobiography in what was later collected as ''My New York Diary''.
* A trio of Canadian friends,
Seth
Seth,; el, Σήθ ''Sḗth''; ; "placed", "appointed") in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Mandaeism, and Sethianism, was the third son of Adam and Eve and brother of Cain and Abel, their only other child mentioned by name in the Hebrew Bible. ...
The Playboy
''The Playboy'' is a graphic novel by the Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown, serialized in 1990 in Brown's comic book '' Yummy Fur'' and collected in different revised book editions in 1992 and 2013. It deals with Brown's guilt and anxiety ...
,
I Never Liked You
''I Never Liked You'' is a graphic novel by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown. The story first ran between 1991 and 1993 under the title ''Fuck'', in issues of Brown's comic book '' Yummy Fur''; published in book form by Drawn & Quarterl ...
)'', and Joe Matt ('' Peepshow''), gained rapid renown in North America for their different approaches to autobiography. Brown and Matt were also notorious for depicting embarrassing personal moments such as masturbation and
nose-picking
Nose-picking is the act of extracting nasal mucus with one's finger (rhinotillexis) and may include the subsequent ingestion of the extracted mucus (mucophagy).
In Western cultures, this act is generally considered to be social deviant; parent ...
. Seth created some controversy by presenting realistic fictional stories as if they had actually happened, not as a ploy to fool writers but as a literary technique. However some readers did get fooled.
* Keith Knight's weekly comic strip ''
The K Chronicles
''The K Chronicles'' is an autobiographical weekly comic strip by the independent cartoonist Keith Knight that has been produced since the early 1990s. Knight is an African-American artist whose comics often explore themes relevant to his racial ...
'' began in the early 1990s, exploring themes relevant to Knight's racial heritage, as well as current events, both personal to Knight and general to the world.
*
Howard Cruse
Howard Cruse (May 2, 1944 – November 26, 2019) was an American alternative cartoonist known for the exploration of gay themes in his comics. First coming to attention in the 1970s during the underground comix movement with ''Barefootz'', he w ...
's graphic novel '' Stuck Rubber Baby'' (1995) told a fictionalized version of Cruse's young adulthood as a gay man in the South during
civil rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life ...
conflicts.
* Phoebe Gloeckner created a series of semi-autobiographical stories drawing on her adolescent experiences with sex and drugs in
San Francisco
San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
, collected in ''
A Child's Life and Other Stories
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes'' ...
David Wojnarowicz
David Michael Wojnarowicz ( (September 14, 1954 – July 22, 1992) was an American painter, photographer, writer, filmmaker, performance artist, songwriter/recording artist, and AIDS activist prominent in the East Village art scene. He incorp ...
Marguerite Van Cook
Marguerite Van Cook (née Martin) (born 1954) is an English artist, writer, musician/singer and filmmaker. She was born in Portsmouth, England and now resides in New York City on the Lower East Side, in the East Village. She attended Portsmouth ...
, was based on Wojnarowicz's life and his response to the AIDS epidemic.
* The graphic novel ''David Chelsea in Love'' described the eponymous author's romantic difficulties in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the U ...
and
Portland
Portland most commonly refers to:
* Portland, Oregon, the largest city in the state of Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States
* Portland, Maine, the largest city in the state of Maine, in the New England region of the northeas ...
.
* Rick Veitch told the story of his twenties entirely through a dream diary in the ''Crypto Zoo'' volume of ''Rare Bit Fiends''.
* Ariel Schrag's tetralogy ''Awkward'', ''Definition'', ''Potential'', and ''Likewise'', about discovering her sexual identity in high school, was unusual in having been mostly completed ''while'' in high school.
*
Jim Valentino
Jim Valentino (born October 28, 1952) is an American writer, penciler, editor and publisher of comic books, best known for his 1990–1992 work on '' Guardians of the Galaxy'' for Marvel Comics, and for co-founding Image Comics, a company pub ...
's ''A Touch of Silver'' (
Image Comics
Image Comics is an American comic book publisher and is the third largest comic book and graphic novel publisher in the industry in both unit and market share. It was founded in 1992 by several high-profile illustrators as a venue for creator-o ...
, 1997) portrayed his unhappy youth in the 1960s.
* English artist
Raymond Briggs
Raymond Redvers Briggs (18 January 1934 – 9 August 2022) was an English illustrator, cartoonist, graphic novelist and author. Achieving critical and popular success among adults and children, he is best known in Britain for his 1978 story ...
, best known for his children's books, told the story of his parents' marriage in '' Ethel & Ernest'' (1998).
* James Kochalka started to turn his daily life into a daily four-panel strip starting in 1998, collected in ''Sketchbook Diaries'', and later in the
webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on a website or mobile app. While many are published exclusively on the web, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be ...
''American Elf''.
* Swedish cartoonist Martin Kellerman launched the autobiographical comic strip ''
Rocky
''Rocky'' is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and written by and starring Sylvester Stallone. It is the first installment in the ''Rocky'' franchise and stars Talia Shire, Burt Young, Carl Weathers, and Burge ...
'' in 1998, focusing on an
anthropomorphic
Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology.
Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics t ...
dog and his friends in their everyday life in Stockholm. ''Rocky'' is based on Kellerman's own life. The comic has since been translated into Norwegian, Danish, Finnish,
Serbian
Serbian may refer to:
* someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe
* someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people
* Serbian language
* Serbian names
See also
*
*
* Old Serbian (disambiguat ...
Mia Wolff
Mia, MIA, or M.I.A. may refer to:
Music Artists
* M.I.A. (rapper) (born 1975), English rapper and singer
* M.I.A. (band), 1980s punk rock band from Orange County, California
* MIA., a German rock/pop band formed in 1997
* Mia (singer) (born 1983) ...
, is an autobiographical graphic novel about a gay science-fiction writer (Delaney) meeting a homeless man who becomes his partner.
*
Brian Michael Bendis
Brian Michael Bendis (; born August 18, 1967) is an American comic book writer and artist. He has won five Eisner Awards for both his creator-owned work and his work on various Marvel Comics books.Bendis, Brian Michael and Oeming, Michael Avon, ...
limited series Limited series may refer to:
*Limited series, individual storylines within an anthology series
*Limited series, a particular run of collectables, usually individually numbered
* Limited series (comics), a comics series with a predetermined number ...
Oni Press
Oni Press is an American independent comic book and graphic novel publisher based in Portland, Oregon. In 2019, it became an imprint label following the company's merger with Lion Forge Comics. The merged company, Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Gr ...
, 1999–2000) is the story of the author's attempts to break into
Hollywood
Hollywood usually refers to:
* Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California
* Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States
Hollywood may also refer to:
Places United States
* Hollywood District (disambiguation)
* Hollywoo ...
by writing
screenplay
''ScreenPlay'' is a television drama anthology series broadcast on BBC2 between 9 July 1986 and 27 October 1993.
Background
After single-play anthology series went off the air, the BBC introduced several showcases for made-for-television, ...
s for his
hardboiled
Hardboiled (or hard-boiled) fiction is a literary genre that shares some of its characters and settings with crime fiction (especially detective fiction and noir fiction). The genre's typical protagonist is a detective who battles the violence ...
comics (such as ''
Jinx
A jinx (also jynx), in popular superstition and folklore, is a curse or the attribute of attracting bad or negative luck.
The word ''"jynx"'' meaning the bird wryneck and sometimes a charm or spell has been in use in English since the seventeen ...
Torso
The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part, or the core, of the body of many animals (including humans), from which the head, neck
The neck is the part of the body on many vertebrates that connects the head with the tors ...
''). The series was nominated for
Eisner Awards
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards. They are named in ...
in three categories.
1990s in France
This period also saw a rapid expansion of the French small-press comics scene, including a new emphasis on autobiographical work:
* Fabrice Neaud's acclaimed ''Journal'' was the first lengthy autobiographical series in French comics.
* David B., another artist who had first published fantasy comics stories, produced the graphic novel ''L'ascension du haut mal'' (published in English as '' Epileptic'') applied B.'s distinctive non-realistic style to the story of his equally unusual upbringing, in which his family moved to a macrobiotic commune and sought many other cure's for B.'s brother's '' grand mal''
seizures
An epileptic seizure, informally known as a seizure, is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with los ...
.
* Lewis Trondheim portrayed himself and his friends, albeit with animal heads, in ''Approximative continuum comics'', some of which was later published in English as ''The Nimrod''.
* Much of Edmond Baudoin's later work is based on his personal and family history.
* Dupuy and Berberain's "Journal d'un album" and Jean-Christophe Menu's "Livre de Phamille" also had a significant influence on the French autobiographic graphic novel scene.
Persepolis
, native_name_lang =
, alternate_name =
, image = Gate of All Nations, Persepolis.jpg
, image_size =
, alt =
, caption = Ruins of the Gate of All Nations, Persepolis.
, map =
, map_type ...
'', originally published as a newspaper serial in France, about her childhood during the
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dyna ...
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
'' (2011).
* ''The Spiral Cage'', by English artist Al Davison, is about Davison's experience of living with
spina bifida
Spina bifida (Latin for 'split spine'; SB) is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, m ...
.
* Jeffrey Brown's ''Clumsy'' (2001) and ''Unlikely'' (2003) told the story of two failed relationships using hundreds of single-page stories.
* ''
Blue Pills
''Blue Pills'' (original title: ''Pilules Bleues'') is a 2001 Swiss-French autobiographical comic written and illustrated by Frederik Peeters.
The comic tells the story of a man falling in love with an HIV-positive woman.
The book won the 2001 ...
'' (original title: ''Pilules Bleues'') is a 2001 Swiss-French autobiographical comic written and illustrated by Frederik Peeters. The comic tells the story of a man falling in love with an
HIV-positive
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of ''Lentivirus'' (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which progressive failure of the immune ...
woman.
* Lynda Barry's ''One! Hundred! Demons!'' (2002) features Barry wrestling with the "demons" of regret, abusive relationships, self-consciousness, the prohibition against feeling hate, and her response to the results of the
2000 United States presidential election
The 2000 United States presidential election was the 54th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican candidate George W. Bush, the governor of Texas and eldest son of the 41st president, George H. W. Bu ...
.
*
Craig Thompson
Craig Matthew Thompson (born September 21, 1975) is an American graphic novelist best known for his books '' Good-bye, Chunky Rice'' (1999), '' Blankets'' (2003), ''Carnet de Voyage'' (2004), '' Habibi'' (2011), and ''Space Dumplins'' (2015). Th ...
releases '' Blankets'' (2003), an award-winning graphic memoir of first love, religious identity, and coming of age.
*
Marzena Sowa
Marzena Sowa (born 1979 in Stalowa Wola) is a Polish cartoonist. Since 2001, she has been living in France. Sowa studied at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and then at the Michel de Montaigne University Bordeaux 3 in Bordeaux.
Sowa is th ...
wrote ''Marzi'', a series of comics about her childhood in 1980s-era Poland.
*
Art Spiegelman
Art Spiegelman (; born Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman on February 15, 1948) is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel '' Maus''. His work as co-editor on the comics magazines '' Arcade'' and '' R ...
wrote '' In the Shadow of No Towers'' (2004), an oversize graphic memoir about his experiences during the
9/11 attacks
The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercia ...
.
*
Josh Neufeld
Josh Neufeld (born August 9, 1967) is an alternative cartoonist known for his nonfiction comics on subjects like Hurricane Katrina, international travel, and finance, as well as his collaborations with writers like Harvey Pekar and Brooke Gladsto ...
published his Xeric Award-winning ''A Few Perfect Hours'' (2004), documenting his and his girlfriend's backpacking adventures through Southeast Asia, Central Europe, and Turkey.
*
Joe Kubert
Joseph Kubert (; September 18, 1926 – August 12, 2012) was a Polish-born American comic book artist, art teacher, and founder of The Kubert School. He is best known for his work on the DC Comics characters Sgt. Rock and Hawkman. He is also ...
published ''Yossel April 14, 1943'' (2005), a "fake autobiographical graphic novel" about what would have happened if his parents hadn't moved from Poland to the U.S. and they would have been there during the Holocaust.
* Carol Tyler published ''Late Bloomer'', which features all the collected works from ''
Weirdo
Weirdo may refer to:
* An eccentric
* ''Weirdo'' (comics), an alternative comics anthology published by Last Gasp
* "Weirdo" (song), a single by the Charlatans UK off their album ''Between 10th and 11th''
* ''Weirdos'' (film), a 2016 Canadian d ...
'' and other publications.
* Italian comic book artist Gipi releases several graphic novels inspired by his own life experiences: ''Appunti per una storia di guerra'' ("Notes for a War Story," 2005), ''S.'' (2006, about his father), ''La mia vita disegnata male'' ("My Life Badly Drawn," 2008).
* Xeric Award-winner Steve Peters wrote and illustrated ''Chemistry'' (2005) about a failed relationship. He drew one panel a day for a year; the entire comic is 32 pages long with a total of 365 panels. Each panel's date is hidden somewhere inside it. ''Chemistry'' won the 2006 Howard Eugene Day Memorial Prize.
* '' Mom's Cancer'' is an autobiographical
webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on a website or mobile app. While many are published exclusively on the web, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be ...
by Brian Fies which describes his mother's fight against
metastatic
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, ...
lung cancer
Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma (since about 98–99% of all lung cancers are carcinomas), is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. Lung carcinomas derive from transformed, malign ...
, as well as his family's reactions to it. ''Mom's Cancer'' was the first webcomic to win an
Eisner Award
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards. They are named in ...
, winning in 2005. Its print collection, published in 2006, won a
Harvey Award
The Harvey Awards are given for achievement in comic books. Named for writer-artist Harvey Kurtzman, the Harvey Awards were founded by Gary Groth in 1988, president of the publisher Fantagraphics, to be the successor to the Kirby Awards that we ...
and a
Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis
The (German Youth Literature Award) is an annual award established in 1956 by the Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth to recognise outstanding works of children's and young adult literature. It is Germany's only ...
.
*
Alison Bechdel
Alison Bechdel ( ; born September 10, 1960) is an American cartoonist. Originally known for the long-running comic strip ''Dykes to Watch Out For'', she came to critical and commercial success in 2006 with her Graphic novel, graphic memoir ''Fun ...
wrote and illustrated '' Fun Home'' (2006), about her relationship with her father, and it was named by ''Time'' magazine as number one of its "10 Best Books of the Year."
*
Martin Lemelman
Martin Lemelman (born October 26, 1950) is an American freelance illustrator and graphic memoirist.
Early life and education
Born in Brooklyn, New York, he grew up in an Orthodox Jewish home, and attended a yeshiva. At 13 he decided he wanted to ...
wrote ''Mendel's Daughter'' (2006), based on his mother's recorded confessions of her life during the Holocaust. He inserts a lot of family pictures as well.
* Miriam Katin wrote ''We Are on Our Own: A Memoir'' (2006), a graphic memoir about her survival, with her mother, of the Holocaust.
*
Danny Gregory
Danny is a masculine given name. It is related to the male name Daniel. It may refer to:
People
*Danny Altmann, British immunologist
*Danny Antonucci, Canadian animator, director, producer, and writer
*Danny Baker (born 1957), English journalis ...
wrote ''Everyday Matters'', after he taught himself to draw following a traumatic moment in his life: his wife was hit by a train and became paralyzed.
* Anders Nilsen won an
Ignatz Award
The Ignatz Awards recognize outstanding achievements in comics and cartooning by small press creators or creator-owned projects published by larger publishers. They have been awarded each year at the Small Press Expo since 1997, only skipping ...
for his graphic memoir, ''Don't Go Where I Can't Follow'' (2007)
* In April 2007, Ype Driessen, a Dutch comic artist, published the first autobiographical photo comic called ''
Ype+Willem
Peace River Airport is a municipally owned airport located west of the Town of Peace River, Alberta, Canada. The airport has one runway, which is , and a terminal building, which is .
Northern Air is based at the airport and provides scheduled ...
''. With photos he showed everyday happenings in his life with his former boyfriend Willem. He still publishes his comic a FotoStrips.nl (NL).
* Aline Kominsky-Crumb published ''Need More Love: A Graphic Memoir'' (2007), her life story, with inserted photographs.
* ''
A Drifting Life
is a thinly veiled autobiographical Japanese manga written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Tatsumi that chronicles his life from 1945 to 1960, the early stages of his career as a cartoonist. The book earned Tatsumi the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Pri ...
'' (2008) is a thinly veiled autobiographical Japanese
manga
Manga ( Japanese: 漫画 ) are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. The term ''manga'' is use ...
written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Tatsumi that chronicles his life from 1945 to 1960, the early stages of his career as a cartoonist. The book earned Tatsumi the
Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize
Named after Osamu Tezuka, the is a yearly manga prize awarded to manga artists or their works that follow the Osamu Tezuka manga approach founded and sponsored by Asahi Shimbun. The prize has been awarded since 1997, in Tokyo, Japan.
Curren ...
, and won two
Eisner Awards
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards. They are named in ...
.
*
Carol Lay
Carol Lay (born 1952) is an American alternative cartoonist best known for her weekly comic strip, ''Story Minute'' (later to evolve into the strip ''Way Lay''), which ran for almost 20 years in such US papers as the ''LA Weekly'', the '' NY Pre ...
wrote and illustrated ''The Big Skinny'' (2008) about her experiences with weight loss.
* ''
American Widow
''American Widow'' (2008, Random House), written by Alissa Torres and drawn by Sungyoon Choi, is a graphic memoir about Torres's experience as a widow of the September 11 attacks in 2001. The story is told in non-chronological order, alternating b ...
'' (2008), written by Alissa Torres and drawn by Sungyoon Choi, is a graphic memoir about Torres's experience as a widow of the
September 11 attacks
The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commerc ...
in 2001.
* '' Stitches: A Memoir'' is a 2009 graphic memoir written and illustrated by David Small. It tells the story of Small's journey from sickly child to
cancer patient
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal ble ...
, to the troubled teen who made a risky decision to run away from home at sixteen — with nothing more than the dream of becoming an artist. ''Stitches'' was a #1 ''New York Times'' Best Seller, and was named one of the ten best books of 2009 by ''
Publishers Weekly
''Publishers Weekly'' (''PW'') is an American weekly trade news magazine targeted at publishers, librarians, booksellers, and literary agents. Published continuously since 1872, it has carried the tagline, "The International News Magazine of ...
'' and Amazon.com. It was also a finalist for the 2009 National Book Award for Young People's Literature. ''Stitches'' was a 2010 Alex Awards recipient. ''Stitches'' has been translated into seven different languages and published in nine different countries.
*2009 through 2012, the ''You'll Never Know'' trilogy (later to be known as ''Soldier's Heart'') was published. The 11-time Eisner-nominated series is about the lifetime damage her father's
PTSD
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental and behavioral disorder that can develop because of exposure to a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, domestic violence, or other threats on a ...
from
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
had on the artist/author, Carol Tyler, and her family.
2010s
The "graphic memoir" really came into its own this decade, with many of the books by female authors. Lucy Knisley and
MariNaomi
MariNaomi (born as Mari Naomi Schaal; born August 2, 1973) is an American graphic artist and cartoonist who often publishes autobiographical comics and is also well known for creating three online databases of underrepresented cartoonists.
Caree ...
each published a number of full-length autobiographical comics in the 2010s. The market expanded into
middle grade
Middle grade fiction is fiction intended for children between the ages of 8 and 12. While these books are sometimes grouped together with books for other age bands and called collectively "children's books", middle grade is distinct from, and is ...
as well, witnessed by such well-received examples as
Raina Telgemeier
Raina Diane Telgemeier (/'ɹeɪna 'tɛlgə'maɪəɹ/, born May 26, 1977) is an American cartoonist. Her works include the autobiographical webcomic '' Smile'', which was published as a full-color graphic novel in February 2010, and the follow- ...
's books, the ''
March
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the second of seven months to have a length of 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March ...
Smile
A smile is a facial expression formed primarily by flexing the muscles at the sides of the mouth. Some smiles include a contraction of the muscles at the corner of the eyes, an action known as a Duchenne smile.
Among humans, a smile expresses d ...
'', by
Raina Telgemeier
Raina Diane Telgemeier (/'ɹeɪna 'tɛlgə'maɪəɹ/, born May 26, 1977) is an American cartoonist. Her works include the autobiographical webcomic '' Smile'', which was published as a full-color graphic novel in February 2010, and the follow- ...
, gives an account of the author's life from sixth grade to high school. The book won the 2010 Boston Globe-Horn Book Award for Nonfiction. In 2011, the book won the
Eisner Award
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards. They are named in ...
Association for Library Service to Children
The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) is a division of the American Library Association, and it is the world's largest organization dedicated to library service to children. Its members are concerned with creating a better future ...
Notable Children's Book for Middle Readers. In 2013, it won the Intermediate Young Reader's Choice Award from Washington and the 2013 Rebecca Caudill Young Reader's Book Award from Illinois. It won the 2014 Nevada Young Reader Award. ''Smile'' was followed by '' Sisters'' (2014), which won Telgemeier an
Eisner Award
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards. They are named in ...
for best Writer/Artist, 2015.
** ''Drinking at the Movies'', by Julia Wertz. Against the backdrop of her move from San Francisco to New York, the book details serious issues, such as a family member's battle with substance abuse and her own alcoholism, with trademark wit and self-effacement. ''Drinking at the Movies'' was nominated for a 2011
Eisner Award
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards. They are named in ...
in the Best Humor Publication category."2011 Eisner Award Nominations Announced" April 8, 2011. ''MTV Geek''. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
** Sarah Glidden wrote and illustrated ''How to Understand Israel in 60 Days or Less'', a full-length exploration of Glidden's 2007 visit to
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
as part of a
Birthright Israel
Taglit-Birthright Israel ( he, תגלית), also known as Birthright Israel or simply Birthright, is a not-for-profit educational organization that sponsors free ten-day heritage trips to Israel, Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights for young adult ...
tour. The book has subsequently been translated into five languages.
** Vanessa Davis' ''Make Me a Woman'' featured stories taken from her diary and are candidly personal, witty and self-deprecating; centering on her youth, mother, relationships with men, and
Jewish identity
Jewish identity is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as a Jew and as relating to being Jewish. Under a broader definition, Jewish identity does not depend on whether a person is regarded as a Jew by others, or by an exter ...
Jamar Nicholas
Jamar Nicholas (born March 18, 1973) is an African American cartoonist, graphic novelist, and educator based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is known for original graphic novel, ''Leon: Protector of the Playground'', and his graphic novel adapta ...
.
** Joyce Farmer's ''Special Exits'' documents in comics form the sad and sometimes humorous episodes of her parents' final years. ''Special Exits'' won the
National Cartoonists Society
The National Cartoonists Society (NCS) is an organization of professional cartoonists in the United States. It presents the National Cartoonists Society Awards. The Society was born in 1946 when groups of cartoonists got together to entertain the ...
Belle Yang
Belle Yang (born 1960) is an artist, author, Graphic novelists, graphic novelist and children's book writer.
Biography
Yang was born in Taiwan in 1960, and moved to the San Francisco Bay area with her parents when she was seven years old. She gr ...
. It is a memoir about her relatives' experiences in China in the mid-20th century.
* 2011:
** Nicola Streeten's graphic memoir ''Billy, Me & You'' is the first long-form graphic memoir by a British woman to have been published. Dealing with the intersection of comics and medicine, it is cited as an example of
graphic medicine
Graphics () are visual perception, visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone, to inform, illustration, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage, it includes a pictorial representation of dat ...
.
**
MariNaomi
MariNaomi (born as Mari Naomi Schaal; born August 2, 1973) is an American graphic artist and cartoonist who often publishes autobiographical comics and is also well known for creating three online databases of underrepresented cartoonists.
Caree ...
's ''Kiss and Tell'' was published in 2011, followed by ''Dragon's Breath and Other True Stories'' in 2014, and ''I Thought YOU Hated ME'' in 2016.
** Chester Brown's ''
Paying for It
''Paying for It'', "a comic strip memoir about being a John (prostitution), john", is a 2011 graphic novel by Canada, Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown. A combination of memoir and polemic, the book explores Brown's decision to give up on roman ...
'', a combination of
memoir
A memoir (; , ) is any nonfiction narrative writing based in the author's personal memories. The assertions made in the work are thus understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or autobio ...
and
polemic
Polemic () is contentious rhetoric intended to support a specific position by forthright claims and to undermine the opposing position. The practice of such argumentation is called ''polemics'', which are seen in arguments on controversial topics ...
, explores Brown's decision to give up on romantic love and to take up the life of a " john" by frequenting
prostitutes
Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment. The definition of "sexual activity" varies, and is often defined as an activity requiring physical contact (e.g., sexual intercourse, non-pen ...
. The book, published by
Drawn & Quarterly
Drawn & Quarterly is a publishing company based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, specializing in comics. It publishes primarily comic books, graphic novels and comic strip collections. The books it publishes are noted for their artistic content, ...
, was controversial, and a
bestseller
A bestseller is a book or other media noted for its top selling status, with bestseller lists published by newspapers, magazines, and book store chains. Some lists are broken down into classifications and specialties (novel, nonfiction book, coo ...
.
**
GB Tran
GB Tran is an American cartoonist and graphic designer. He is best known for his graphic novel, ''Vietnamerica'', which won a Society of Illustrators Gold Medal and was included in Time's list of Top 10 Graphic Memoirs.
Biography
GB Tran gre ...
's ''Vietnamerica'' depicts the struggles encountered by Tran's grandparents in
French Indochina
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China),; vi, Đông Dương thuộc Pháp, , lit. 'East Ocean under French Control; km, ឥណ្ឌូចិនបារាំង, ; th, อินโดจีนฝรั่งเศส, ...
and his parents during the
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
and in their immigration to the United States. ''Vietnamerica'' won a
Society of Illustrators
The Society of Illustrators is a professional society based in New York City. It was founded in 1901 to promote the art of illustration and, since 1959, has held an annual exhibition.
History
Founding
The Society of Illustrators was founded on ...
Gold Medal and was included in ''
Time
Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, t ...
'''s list of Top 10 Graphic Memoirs.
** Adrian Tomine's ''Scenes From an Impending Marriage'', a light-hearted recap of Tomine's wedding and the lead-up to it.
* 2012:
**
Alison Bechdel
Alison Bechdel ( ; born September 10, 1960) is an American cartoonist. Originally known for the long-running comic strip ''Dykes to Watch Out For'', she came to critical and commercial success in 2006 with her Graphic novel, graphic memoir ''Fun ...
published '' Are You My Mother?'', a graphic memoir that examines Bechdel's relationship with her mother through the lens of
psychoanalysis
PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: + . is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might b ...
Jeffrey Dahmer
Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (; May 21, 1960 – November 28, 1994), also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal or the Milwaukee Monster, was an American serial killer and sex offender who killed and dismembered seventeen men and boys between 1978 an ...
, who later became a
serial killer
A serial killer is typically a person who murders three or more persons,A
*
*
*
* with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant period of time between them. While most authorities set a threshold of three ...
. The book was nominated for an
Ignatz Award
The Ignatz Awards recognize outstanding achievements in comics and cartooning by small press creators or creator-owned projects published by larger publishers. They have been awarded each year at the Small Press Expo since 1997, only skipping ...
for Outstanding Graphic Novel. It also was nominated for a
Harvey Award
The Harvey Awards are given for achievement in comic books. Named for writer-artist Harvey Kurtzman, the Harvey Awards were founded by Gary Groth in 1988, president of the publisher Fantagraphics, to be the successor to the Kirby Awards that we ...
and a
Reuben Award
The National Cartoonists Society (NCS) is an organization of professional cartoonists in the United States. It presents the National Cartoonists Society Awards. The Society was born in 1946 when groups of cartoonists got together to entertain the ...
and received the Revelation Award at the 2014
Angoulême International Comics Festival
The Angoulême International Comics Festival (french: Festival international de la bande dessinée d'Angoulême) is the second largest comics festival in Europe after the Lucca Comics & Games in Italy, and the third biggest in the world after L ...
.
** Ellen Forney's ''Marbles: Mania, Depression, Michelangelo, and Me'' addressed her experiences with
bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that last from days to weeks each. If the elevated mood is severe or associated with ...
. It was a New York Times Bestseller. ''Marbles'' featured prominently in a
graphic medicine
Graphics () are visual perception, visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone, to inform, illustration, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage, it includes a pictorial representation of dat ...
exhibit that Forney curated for the
United States National Library of Medicine
The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library.
Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is an institute within the National Institutes of Health. Its ...
.
** ''The Voyeurs'' is a real-time memoir of a turbulent five years in the life of renowned cartoonist, diarist, and filmmaker Gabrielle Bell. It collects episodes from her award-winning series, ''Lucky'', in which she travels to Tokyo, Paris, and the South of France and all over the United States, but remains anchored by her beloved Brooklyn, where sidekick Tony provides ongoing insight, offbeat humor and enduring friendship.
** Zeina Abirached's graphic memoir, ''A Game for Swallows: To Die, To Leave, To Return'' was published by the Graphic Universe division of Lerner Publishing Group. A second memoir, ''I Remember Beirut'', was published in 2014.
** '' Little White Duck: A Childhood in China'', written by Na Liu and illustrated by her husband, Andrés Vera Martínez, discusses Na Liu's childhood in China during the 1970s and 1980s.
** ''
A Chinese Life
''A Chinese Life'' (french: Une vie chinoise) is a 2012 French graphic novel co-written by Li Kunwu and Philippe Ôtié and illustrated by Li Kunwu. Edward Gauvin translated the book into English. The book describes Li Kunwu's life during the Cultu ...
'' is a French graphic novel co-written by Li Kunwu and
Philippe Ôtié Philippe is a masculine sometimes feminin given name, cognate to Philip. It may refer to:
* Philippe of Belgium (born 1960), King of the Belgians (2013–present)
* Philippe (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer
* Prince Philippe, Count o ...
and illustrated by Li Kunwu. The book describes Li Kunwu's life during the
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated go ...
Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center
The Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center (APAC) is a migratory museum that shares Asian Pacific American history, art, and culture through innovative museum experiences online and throughout the U.S through the Smithsonian Institution's work. ...
civil rights movement
The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional Racial segregation in the United States, racial segregation, Racial discrimination ...
written by American author Lila Quintero Weaver. The author was nominated for the 2012
Ignatz Award
The Ignatz Awards recognize outstanding achievements in comics and cartooning by small press creators or creator-owned projects published by larger publishers. They have been awarded each year at the Small Press Expo since 1997, only skipping ...
for Promising New Talent for this work.
* 2013:
** Congressman and civil rights leader
John Lewis
John Robert Lewis (February 21, 1940 – July 17, 2020) was an American politician and civil rights activist who served in the United States House of Representatives for from 1987 until his death in 2020. He participated in the 1960 Nashvill ...
released '' March: Book One'', the first volume of an autobiographical graphic novel trilogy, co-written by Andrew Aydin and drawn by Nate Powell. ''March: Book Two'' was published in 2015 and ''March: Book Three'' appeared in 2016.
** Ulli Lust's ''Today is the Last Day of the Rest of Your Life'' (2013; originally published in German in 2009) won an
Ignatz Award
The Ignatz Awards recognize outstanding achievements in comics and cartooning by small press creators or creator-owned projects published by larger publishers. They have been awarded each year at the Small Press Expo since 1997, only skipping ...
for best graphic novel, the LA Times Book Award for Graphic Novels and then was nominated for an Eisner Award for Best Reality-Based Work.
** Nicole Georges' graphic memoir, ''Calling Dr. Laura''. The book depicts the events following the author's visit to a
palm reader
Palmistry is the pseudoscientific practice of fortune-telling through the study of the palm. Also known as palm reading, chiromancy, chirology or cheirology, the practice is found all over the world, with numerous cultural variations. Those w ...
at age twenty-three, where she is told by the psychic there that her father is not actually dead like her family claimed years ago. In light of this news, the author is "sent into a tailspin about her identity," and endeavors to find out the truth, recounting the occurrences of her childhood and grappling with feelings of uncertainty.
* 2014:
** '' Can't We Talk About Something More Pleasant?'' by cartoonist
Roz Chast
Rosalind Chast (born November 26, 1954) is an American cartoonist and a staff cartoonist for ''The New Yorker''. Since 1978, she has published more than 800 cartoons in ''The New Yorker''. She also publishes cartoons in ''Scientific American'' and ...
. The book is about Chast's parents in their final years. In 2014, the book won the
National Book Critics Circle Award
The National Book Critics Circle Awards are a set of annual American literary awards by the National Book Critics Circle (NBCC) to promote "the finest books and reviews published in English".Kirkus Reviews''. The book was a finalist for the
Thurber Prize for American Humor The Thurber Prize for American Humor, named after American humorist James Thurber, recognizes outstanding contributions in humor writing. The prize is given out by the Thurber House. It was first awarded irregularly, but since 2004 has been besto ...
. The book was selected as one of ''
The New York Times Book Review
''The New York Times Book Review'' (''NYTBR'') is a weekly paper-magazine supplement to the Sunday edition of ''The New York Times'' in which current non-fiction and fiction books are reviewed. It is one of the most influential and widely read ...
s 10 Best Books of 2014.
** '' El Deafo'', written and illustrated by Cece Bell, is a loose autobiographical account of Bell's childhood and life with her deafness. The characters in the book are all anthropomorphic bunnies.
** Mimi Pond's ''Over Easy'' (2014), a coming-of-age story about a young Margaret Pond as she works at Imperial Café, a diner full of hippies and punks in the late 1970s. It is in this diner that Margaret makes the transition into 'Madge' and gets a glimpse at adulthood, which includes addiction, confusion, awkward moments, the artist dream, and sexual awakenings. ''Over Easy'' encapsulates 1970s Oakland in a witty, slightly fictionalized, memoir of Pond's experiences. The memoir won the PEN Center USA award for Graphic Literature Outstanding Body of Work, with a special mention; Pond also won an
Inkpot Award
The Inkpot Award is an honor bestowed annually since 1974 by Comic-Con International. It is given to professionals in the fields of comic books, comic strips, animation, science fiction, and related areas of popular culture, at CCI's annual co ...
after the release of ''Over Easy''.
** ''Tomboy: A Graphic Memoir'', by
Liz Prince
Liz Prince (born 1981) is an American comics creator, noted for her sketchbook-style autobiographical comics. Prince initially started publishing on her own on the internet and later became a published author with Top Shelf Comics. She currentl ...
, explores what it means to be female and describes Prince's struggle with
gender
Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures us ...
issues. This memoir is told through short, related stories starting from Prince's early childhood experiences and ending when Prince is a teenager and has slowly learned to define herself as a woman on her own terms. The book received a starred review from ''Kirkus'' ''Reviews''.
** ''An Iranian Metamorphosis'' is Mana Neyestani's autobiographical graphic novel about life in post-revolutionary Iran. Originally published in French, it was later published in German, Spanish and English.
** ''The Hospital Suite'' by John Porcellino details his struggles with illness in the 1990s and early 2000s.
** Lucy Knisley's ''An Age of License'' is a travel memoir recounting the author's trip to Europe/Scandinavia, thanks to a book tour. Knisley's ''Displacement: A Travelogue'' (2015) was nominated for the 2016 Eisner Award for Best Reality-Based Work.
**
Meags Fitzgerald
Meags Fitzgerald is a Canadian drag king, illustrator and cartoonist.
Career
Fitzgerald earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary in 2009 and a certificate in design from NSCAD University in Halifax i ...
published ''Photobooth: A Biography'', a non-fiction graphic novel detailing her interest in chemical photo booths; it won the 2015 Doug Wright Spotlight Award. She followed it in 2015 with the autobiographical graphic novel ''Long Red Hair''.
* 2015:
** '' The Arab of the Future'' is French-Syrian cartoonist Riad Sattouf's account of his childhood growing up in France, Libya and Syria in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s. The book was nominated for the 2016 Eisner Award for Best Reality-Based Work. ''The Arab of the Future 2'' appeared in 2016.
** ''Dare to Disappoint'' is
Özge Samancı
Özge Samancı (born 21 July 1975 in İzmir) is a Turkish-American media artist, and associate professor at Northwestern University`s School of Communication. She creates media art installations and graphic novels. Her art installations merge comp ...
's graphic coming-of-age memoir. Her story takes place after the third military coup leading to Turkey's rapid change to neo-capitalism from 1980 to 2000. The book was translated into five languages.
** '' Becoming Unbecoming'', by English author Una, depicts the effects of misogyny and sexism on twelve-year old Una growing up in northern England in 1977 while the
Yorkshire Ripper
Peter William Sutcliffe (2 June 1946 – 13 November 2020) was an English serial killer who was dubbed the Yorkshire Ripper (an allusion to Jack the Ripper) by the press. Sutcliffe was convicted of murdering 13 women and attempting t ...
is on the loose, creating a panic among townspeople.
** ''
Honor Girl
''Honor Girl'' is a graphic novel memoir written and illustrated by Maggie Thrash. The book was first published in 2015 through Candlewick Press.
Development and publication history
Thrash wrote ''Honor Girl'' over the span of two years. While th ...
'' is a graphic memoir written and illustrated by
Maggie Thrash
Margaret Thrash is an American writer of young adult fiction and memoirist, best known for her graphic novel memoir '' Honor Girl''.
''Honor Girl'', Thrash's first book, was published by Candlewick Press in 2015. The book describes her early lif ...
. It is the story of Thrash's first crush at an all-girls summer camp in Kentucky in 2000.
**
Bill Griffith
William Henry Jackson Griffith (born January 20, 1944) is an American cartoonist who signs his work Bill Griffith and Griffy. He is best known for his surreal comedy, surreal daily comic strip ''Zippy the Pinhead, Zippy''. The catchphrase "Are w ...
's memoir, ''Invisible Ink: My Mother’s Secret Love Affair With a Famous Cartoonist''. (For over a decade, starting in 1957, Griffith's mother Barbara had an affair with cartoonist
Lawrence Lariar
Lawrence Lariar (December 25, 1908 – October 12, 1981) was an American novelist, cartoonist and cartoon editor, known for his ''Best Cartoons of the Year'' series of cartoon collections. He wrote crime novels, sometimes using the pseudonyms Mich ...
The Comics Journal
''The Comics Journal'', often abbreviated ''TCJ'', is an American magazine of news and criticism pertaining to comic books, comic strips and graphic novels. Known for its lengthy interviews with comic creators, pointed editorials and scathing r ...
''; published November 23, 2015; retrieved December 16, 2015)
* 2016:
** Tom Hart's ''Rosalie Lightning'', a memoir named after his daughter, who had died suddenly when she was almost two, and about his and his wife's grief and their attempts to make sense of their life afterwards. The book was nominated for the 2017 Eisner Award for Best Reality-Based Work.
** Rokudenashiko's ''What is Obscenity? The Story of a Good for Nothing Artist and Her Pussy'' is a graphic memoir of a Japanese artist who has been jailed twice for so-called acts of obscenity and the distribution of pornographic materials yet continues to champion the depiction of the vagina.
* 2017:
**
Thi Bui
Thi Bui (born 1975) is a Vietnam-born American graphic novelist and illustrator. She is most known for her illustrated memoir, ''The Best We Could Do''.
Biography
Thi Bui was born in what was then Saigon, Vietnam three months prior to the Fall ...
's graphic memoir ''The Best We Could Do'' chronicles the life of her refugee parents and siblings, their life in Vietnam prior to their escape after the
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
, and their eventual migration to the United States, delving into themes of immigration, war and intergenerational trauma. The book received a number of accolades, including the
National Book Critics Circle Award
The National Book Critics Circle Awards are a set of annual American literary awards by the National Book Critics Circle (NBCC) to promote "the finest books and reviews published in English".American Book Award
The American Book Award is an American literary award that annually recognizes a set of books and people for "outstanding literary achievement". According to the 2010 awards press release, it is "a writers' award given by other writers" and "the ...
the Beatles
The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the developm ...
in person in
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...
at age 13.
* 2019:
** Actor and activist
George Takei
George Takei (; ja, ジョージ・タケイ; born Hosato Takei (武井 穂郷), April 20, 1937) is an American actor, author and activist known for his role as Hikaru Sulu, helmsman of the fictional starship USS ''Enterprise'' in the telev ...
published ''They Called Us Enemy'', an autobiographical graphic novel co-written with Justin Eisinger and Steven Scott and illustrated by Harmony Becker.
2020s
The autobiographical graphic novel started to bloom to the point, where it is hard to follow the constant production.
* 2022:
** On the 19th of September 2022 Slovenian artist Žiga Valetič has published a 149 pages long autobiographical graphic nove The Highway which was made with the help of artificial intelligence – the computer program Midjourney. The book has been published on-line while Slovenian version has also been printed.