1991 Pacific typhoon season
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The 1991 Pacific typhoon season ran year-round in 1991, although most tropical cyclones tended to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November, 1991. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see
1991 Pacific hurricane season The 1991 Pacific hurricane season was a near-average Pacific hurricane season. The worst storm this year was Tropical Storm Ignacio, which killed 23 people in Mexico and injured 40 others. Elsewhere, Hurricane Fefa caused flooding in Hawaii. Hu ...
. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, So ...
. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.


Season summary

ImageSize = width:1030 height:230 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:2 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/03/1991 till:01/01/1992 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/03/1991 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1) legend:Tropical_Depression_(TD)_=_<62_km/h_(<39_mph) id:TS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Tropical_Storm_(TS)_=_63-88_km/h_(39-54_mph) id:ST value:rgb(0.80,1,1) legend:Severe_Tropical_Storm_(STS)_=_89-117_km/h_(55-73_mph) id:TY value:rgb(0.99,0.69,0.6) legend:Typhoon_(TY)_=_>118_km/h_(>74_mph) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:05/03/1991 till:16/03/1991 color:ST text:"Sharon" from:20/03/1991 till:27/03/1991 color:TY text:"Tim" from:23/04/1991 till:28/04/1991 color:TS text:"Vanessa" from:05/05/1991 till:17/05/1991 color:TY text:"Walt" from:20/05/1991 till:20/05/1991 color:TD text:"TD" from:12/06/1991 till:17/06/1991 color:TY text:" Yunya" from:14/06/1991 till:19/06/1991 color:TD text:"TD" from:18/06/1991 till:19/06/1991 color:TD text:"TD" from:09/07/1991 till:15/07/1991 color:TY text:" Zeke" barset:break from:14/07/1991 till:20/07/1991 color:TY text:"
Amy Amy is a female given name, sometimes short for Amanda, Amelia, Amélie, or Amita. In French, the name is spelled ''" Aimée"''. People A–E * Amy Acker (born 1976), American actress * Amy Vera Ackman, also known as Mother Giovanni (1886– ...
" from:14/07/1991 till:18/07/1991 color:TD text:"TD" from:19/07/1991 till:25/07/1991 color:ST text:" Brendan" from:21/07/1991 till:30/07/1991 color:TY text:" Caitlin" from:31/07/1991 till:01/08/1991 color:TD text:"Enrique" from:02/08/1991 till:02/08/1991 color:TD text:"TD" from:08/08/1991 till:11/08/1991 color:TD text:"Doug" from:10/08/1991 till:19/08/1991 color:TY text:"Ellie" from:11/08/1991 till:18/08/1991 color:TY text:"Fred" barset:break from:11/08/1991 till:13/08/1991 color:TD text:"13W" from:15/08/1991 till:24/08/1991 color:ST text:" Gladys" from:19/08/1991 till:24/08/1991 color:TD text:"TD" from:26/08/1991 till:30/08/1991 color:TS text:"15W" from:28/08/1991 till:31/08/1991 color:TS text:"Harry" from:02/09/1991 till:10/09/1991 color:TY text:"Ivy" from:03/09/1991 till:08/09/1991 color:TS text:"Joel" from:10/09/1991 till:14/09/1991 color:TY text:"
Kinna Kinna is a locality and the seat of Mark Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 14,776 inhabitants in 2010. Kinna is located south of Borås and south east of Gothenburg. The original Kinna has grown together with surrounding ...
" from:13/09/1991 till:28/09/1991 color:TY text:" Mireille" barset:break from:14/09/1991 till:19/09/1991 color:ST text:" Luke" from:14/09/1991 till:03/10/1991 color:TY text:"Nat" from:03/10/1991 till:14/10/1991 color:TY text:"
Orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of floweri ...
" from:04/10/1991 till:13/10/1991 color:TY text:"Pat" from:19/10/1991 till:31/10/1991 color:TY text:"Ruth" from:01/11/1991 till:15/11/1991 color:TY text:"Seth" from:01/11/1991 till:08/11/1991 color:TS text:"
Thelma Thelma is a female given name. It was popularized by Victorian writer Marie Corelli who gave the name to the title character of her 1887 novel '' Thelma''. It may be related to a Greek word meaning "will, volition" see ''thelema''). Note that alth ...
" from:05/11/1991 till:12/11/1991 color:ST text:"Verne" from:14/11/1991 till:20/11/1991 color:TS text:"Wilda" barset:break from:22/11/1991 till:01/12/1991 color:TY text:"
Yuri Yuri may refer to: People and fictional characters Given name *Yuri (Slavic name), the Slavic masculine form of the given name George, including a list of people with the given name Yuri, Yury, etc. * Yuri (Japanese name), also Yūri, feminine Ja ...
" from:27/11/1991 till:05/12/1991 color:ST text:" Zelda" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/03/1991 till:01/04/1991 text:March from:01/04/1991 till:01/05/1991 text:April from:01/05/1991 till:01/06/1991 text:May from:01/06/1991 till:01/07/1991 text:June from:01/07/1991 till:01/08/1991 text:July from:01/08/1991 till:01/09/1991 text:August from:01/09/1991 till:01/10/1991 text:September from:01/10/1991 till:01/11/1991 text:October from:01/11/1991 till:01/12/1991 text:November from:01/12/1991 till:01/01/1992 text:December


Systems

32 tropical cyclones formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 30 became tropical storms. 17 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 5 reached super typhoon strength.


Severe Tropical Storm Sharon (Auring)

Sharon hit the Philippines.


Typhoon Tim

On March 17, a cluster of thunderstorms grouped together which formed a low pressure area far east of the Mariana islands. The low pressure area rapidly intensified and became a tropical storm 4 days after formation. Favorable conditions allowed the system to continue to intensify into a Category 1 typhoon. High wind shear on March 25 caused the system to weakened, and it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.


Tropical Storm Vanessa (Bebeng)

Vanessa deepened over the South China Sea.


Typhoon Walt (Karing)

On May 3 an area of disturbed area formed south east of the Mariana Islands. A day later the system strengthened into a tropical depression, and continued to intensify into typhoon status four days later. The system showed annular characteristics on May 11, showing an axisymmetric shape. Walt reached peak intensity on May 12, before showing a distinct
eyewall replacement cycle In meteorology, eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones, generally with winds greater than , or major hurricanes ( Category 3 or above). When tropical cyclones reach this int ...
lasting four hours from late May 13 to May 14. When the eyewall replacement cycle was over, a new, larger eye measuring 65 kilometers across formed. Walt soon turned north east, becoming extratropical on May 17, before merging with another extratropical cyclone north east of Japan.


Typhoon Yunya (Diding)

After a month without any activity in the Western Pacific, a weak tropical depression (with winds of only 10
knots A knot is a fastening in rope or interwoven lines. Knot may also refer to: Places * Knot, Nancowry, a village in India Archaeology * Knot of Isis (tyet), symbol of welfare/life. * Minoan snake goddess figurines#Sacral knot Arts, entertainme ...
) developed just east of the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
and south of the Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough on June 11. Located in an area of little wind shear, it headed southwestward, developing spiral-band outflow and becoming a tropical storm on the 12th. As a small
central dense overcast The central dense overcast, or CDO, of a tropical cyclone or strong subtropical cyclone is the large central area of thunderstorms surrounding its circulation center, caused by the formation of its eyewall. It can be round, angular, oval, or irr ...
(CDO) developed over Yunya, it rapidly developed, becoming a typhoon on the 13th as it paralleled the eastern Philippines. The mid-level ridge forced Yunya westward, where it briefly reached a peak intensity of winds on the 14th. Subsequently, the eastward building of the subtropical ridge produced unfavorable vertical wind shear that weakened Yunya to a minimal typhoon before hitting
Dingalan Dingalan, officially the Municipality of Dingalan, Municipal District of Dingalan ( tl, Bayan ng Dingalan; ilo, Ili ti Dingalan), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a populati ...
,
Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
early on the 15th. Yunya left Luzon as a minimal tropical storm at Lingayen Gulf. It turned northward due to a break in the ridge, and dissipated on the 17th near southern Taiwan due to the vertical shear. Yunya would likely have been an uneventful cyclone had it not struck Luzon on the same day as the climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo. The ash cloud that normally would have been dispersed across the oceans was redistributed over Luzon by the cyclonic winds of the typhoon, greatly exacerbating the damage caused by the eruption. The water-laden ash fell over the evacuated Clark Air Base, as well as the rest of Luzon, resulting in downed power lines and the collapse of flat-roofed buildings. In some areas it was practically raining mud. Yunya exited Luzon through the Lingayen Gulf as a weak tropical storm and then turned north toward a break in the subtropical ridge. The system continued to weaken due to the strong vertical wind shear. It then brushed the southern coast of
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...
as a tropical depression and finally dissipated before it could complete full recurvature into the mid-latitude westerlies. Yunya directly caused one death from the flooding and heavy rainfall it left.


Typhoon Zeke (Etang)

At least 23 people were killed by Zeke on Hainan Island.


Typhoon Amy (Gening)

145 mph Typhoon Amy, having developed on July 12 over the open Western Pacific, brushed southern
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...
on the 18th. Its outflow became restricted, and Amy hit southern China on the 19th as a 120 mph typhoon. It caused heavy flooding, resulting in 99 casualties, 5000 people injured, and 15,000 people homeless. In addition, Amy caused the sinking of the freighter in a river, resulting in an additional 31 deaths.


Severe Tropical Storm Brendan (Helming)

Brendan was the third consecutive tropical cyclone to strike China during the month of July.


Typhoon Caitlin (Ising)

Typhoon Caitlin developed from a disturbance in the eastern Caroline Islands. A tropical depression formed on July 23 as the system moved towards the northwest. Tropical Storm Caitlin was named the on the 24th and was upgraded to a typhoon the next day. Typhoon Caitlin though several hundred miles away increased the monsoonal flow over the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. Heavy rains caused landslides in the Mt. Pinatubo region killing 16 people. As Caitlin turned to the north the storm passed to the west of Kadena AB,
Okinawa is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 Square kilometre, km2 (880 sq mi). ...
at peak intensity of 110 mph. The heavy rains from Caitlin helped to relieve the ongoing drought on the island, one death was reported. Typhoon Caitlin then began to accelerate northwards and passed through the
Korea Strait The Korea Strait is a sea passage in East Asia between Korea and Japan, connecting the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The strait is split by the Tsushima Island into the Western Channe ...
before turning extratropical in the
Sea of Japan The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, i ...
. Heavy flooding in South Korea killed 2 people and caused $4 million in damage.


Tropical Depression Enrique

Tropical Storm Enrique formed in the eastern Pacific basin, where it reached its peak intensity as a category 1 Hurricane, becoming Hurricane Enrique. Enrique lasted for several days drifting north of the Hawaiian Islands as a weak system. As Enrique approached the
International Dateline The International Date Line (IDL) is an internationally accepted demarcation on the surface of Earth, running between the South and North Poles and serving as the boundary between one calendar day and the next. It passes through the Pacific O ...
, the system started to redevelop. Shortly after crossing the dateline, Enrique became a tropical storm again on August 1. It lasted for less than 24 hours before strong upper-level wind shear dissipated its convection, exposing the cyclone's circulation. No damages or casualties were caused by Enrique. It is one of only seven tropical cyclones to exist in all three tropical cyclone basins in the Pacific Ocean. The others are 1986's Georgette, 1994's Li and John, 1999's Dora, 2014's Genevieve and 2018's Hector.


Tropical Depression Doug

Doug was a tropical storm according to the JTWC.


Typhoon Ellie (Mameng)

Ellie was an unusually small typhoon which hit Taiwan as a tropical storm.


Typhoon Fred (Luding)

Typhoon Fred organized from a monsoon trough situated to the east of the Central
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
, a depression formed on August 11. The depression moved across northern Luzon Island, upon entering the
South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by the shores of South China (hence the name), in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan and northwestern Ph ...
the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Fred. Fred reached typhoon intensity on August 14 as the storm moved south of Hong Kong. Fred reached peak intensity of shortly before moving across
Hainan Island Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slight ...
. Fred then turned to the southwest across the Gulf of Tonkin and made a final landfall in northern
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making ...
before dissipating. As Fred moved south of Hong Kong the oil rig support barge DB29 sank with 195 people on board; 22 people on board the ship were killed. On Hainan Island heavy flooding and landslides from Fred's rains killed 16 people.


Tropical Depression 13W

13W lasted two days.


Severe Tropical Storm Gladys

Minimal typhoon Gladys brushed by southern Japan on August 22. It moved to the northwest, and hit the
Korean Peninsula Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic ...
on the 23rd. It caused more than 20 million yen of damage in Japan, more than 270 million won of damage in South Korea, and in South Korea, it left 103 dead or missing and more than 20,000 homeless.


Tropical Storm 15W

15W was a long-lived depression that moved northwest.


Tropical Storm Harry

Harry originally formed from a small cluster of thunderstorms in mid August.it moved over the Pacific Ocean and became better organized. On August 29, it was given the name “Harry”. It then moved north and made landfall on Japan a few days later. Harry then weakened because of the land and also because when it moved out to sea again, it moved over colder waters and dissipated on August 31.


Typhoon Ivy

Typhoon Ivy formed from a broad monsoon trough situated near Kosrae in the eastern Caroline Islands. A tropical depression formed on September 2 as the system moved towards the northwest, the next day the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Ivy. Ivy began to rapidly intensify and reached typhoon strength as the storm passed east of Tinian and Saipan in the
Northern Mariana Islands The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; ch, Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas; cal, Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas), is an unincorporated territory and commonw ...
. On Saipan one drowning death was reported, but only minor damage was reported in the Northern Marianas. Typhoon Ivy continued on a northwesterly path and reached peak strength of on September 7 prior to recurving to the northeast. Ivy paralleled the southeastern Japan coastline and turned extratropical to the east of Tokyo. As Typhoon Ivy made its closest approach to Honshū, Tokyo and surrounding areas were buffeted by high winds and heavy rains. Over 200 landslides were reported and one person was killed with 4 others missing. Joint Typhoon Warning Center

Retrieved on December 27, 2007.


Tropical Storm Joel

Joel hit southern China.


Typhoon Kinna (Neneng)

Typhoon Kinna formed in a monsoon trough in the western Caroline Islands. A tropical depression began to organize on September 10 to the west of
Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States (reckoned from the geographic cent ...
, Tropical Storm Kinna was named later the same day. As Kinna moved towards the northwest the storm began to gather strength and reached typhoon intensity on September 12 just prior to turning north threatening Japan. On the 12th Typhoon Kinna made a direct landfall on southern
Okinawa is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 Square kilometre, km2 (880 sq mi). ...
Island at peak strength of . Kinna maintained peak intensity after recurving to the north-northeast and making landfall on Kyūshū Island. Typhoon Kinna's eyewall passed directly over
Nagasaki is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. It became the sole port used for trade with the Portuguese and Dutch during the 16th through 19th centuries. The Hidden Christian Sites in the ...
and Sasebo cities on September 13, both cities reported wind gusts of . Kinna continued moving across Japan and became extratropical near the northern coast of Honshū Island. On Okinawa Kinna dropped more than of rain, in Japan most of the damage occurred near Nagasaki. Throughout Japan and Okinawa 9 deaths were attributable to Typhoon Kinna's passage.


Typhoon Mireille (Rosing)


Severe Tropical Storm Luke (Pepang)

Tropical Storm Luke formed from a disturbance that moved through the
Northern Marianas The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; ch, Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas; cal, Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas), is an unincorporated territory and commonwe ...
and became a tropical depression on September 14 just to the west of the islands. The depression began to slowly intensify as it moved towards the west-northwest and Tropical Storm Luke was named on September 15. Luke reached peak intensity of prior to recurving to the northeast and weakening due to increased shear. Tropical Storm Luke then paralleled the southeastern Japan coastline, dropping heavy rains. The resulting flooding and landslides killed 8 people and left 10 others missing prior to Luke turning extratropical east of central Honshū Island.


Typhoon Nat (Oniang)

Nat took an erratic track for over two weeks.


Typhoon Orchid (Sendang)

Typhoon Orchid formed from a broad monsoon trough that moved through the
Northern Marianas The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; ch, Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas; cal, Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas), is an unincorporated territory and commonwe ...
and became a tropical depression on October 4 to the west of the islands. The depression moved on a westerly path and strengthened into Tropical Storm Orchid later the same day. Orchid then began to rapidly intensify and reach peak strength on on October 7 prior to turning to the northeast and accelerating. Typhoon Orchid paralleled the southeast coast of Shikoku and Honshū Islands. As Orchid brushed the islands 96 landslides and heavy flooding were reported in and around the Tokyo region, one person was reported killed due to flooding. Though a great distance away the waves from Orchid and Typhoon Pat combined to produce tremendous waves resulting in the deaths of 2 people on
Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States (reckoned from the geographic cent ...
.


Typhoon Pat

Pat stayed at sea.


Typhoon Ruth (Trining)

Super Typhoon Ruth formed from a tropical disturbance the originated between Chuuk and Pohnpei, as the disturbance moved on a westerly path, a tropical depression formed on October 20. Tropical Storm Ruth was named on the 21st as the storm moved to the southwest of Guam and began to steadily intensity. Ruth reached typhoon strength on October 22 and became a super typhoon on the 24th as the storm reached peak intensity of . Ruth began to slowly decline in strength as it neared the northern
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. Ruth made landfall on October 27 on northern
Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
Island with winds of before weakening to a tropical storm. Heavy flooding and numerous landslides were reported on Luzon Island as a result 12 people were killed. After departing Luzon Island Ruth recurved south of
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...
and dissipated. Heavy seas caused the freighter ''Tung Lung'' to sink west of Taiwan, all 18 aboard were killed.


Typhoon Seth (Warling)

A Category 4 Super Typhoon that affected the northern part of the Philippines. During most of Seth's early life, Seth remained a Tropical Storm, until it encountered warmer waters, where it began to reach its peak intensity on November 5. Seth peaked as a strong category 4 storm, but considerably weakened under typhoon strength when it made landfall in the Philippines as a Tropical Storm. After crossing through the Philippines near the end of its life, Seth stalled and dissipated about halfway between the Philippines and mainland Asia. Seth did feature a well defined eye, and struck the same area of the Philippines right after Super Typhoon Ruth did.


Tropical Storm Thelma (Uring)

Tropical Storm Thelma hit the central Philippines on November 4. It slowly tracked across the
Archipelago An archipelago ( ), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands. Examples of archipelagos include: the Indonesian Arch ...
, bringing heavy flooding across the islands. Vertical shear weakened it as it continued westward, and it dissipated on November 8 just after hitting southern
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making ...
. Thelma, though a weak storm, caused dam failures, landslides, and flash flooding, resulting in a horrendous death toll of 6,000 people. Due to the massive casualties, the name Thelma was retired and replaced with Teresa.


Severe Tropical Storm Verne

Verne curved away from land.


Tropical Storm Wilda (Yayang)

Wilda hit the Philippines.


Typhoon Yuri

Super Typhoon Yuri was the most powerful storm during the season, with winds reaching up to 120
knots A knot is a fastening in rope or interwoven lines. Knot may also refer to: Places * Knot, Nancowry, a village in India Archaeology * Knot of Isis (tyet), symbol of welfare/life. * Minoan snake goddess figurines#Sacral knot Arts, entertainme ...
(220 km/h), and a minimum recorded pressure of 895
mbar The bar is a metric unit of pressure, but not part of the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as exactly equal to 100,000  Pa (100 kPa), or slightly less than the current average atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea l ...
. This made Yuri the third most intense tropical cyclone on record at the end of 1991. Yuri caused $3 million (1991 USD) in damage to Pohnpei, including the loss of a radio tower. In
Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States (reckoned from the geographic cent ...
, the storm caused extensive
beach erosion Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. The landward ...
and destroyed between 60 and 350 buildings. There, damage totaled to $33 million (1991 USD).Joint Typhoon Warning Center
Super Typhoon Yuri.
Retrieved on May 18, 2007.
It is one of the most closely observed storms ever. Its eye was studied for research.


Severe Tropical Storm Zelda

Tropical Storm Zelda was the last storm of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season.


Storm names

During the season 29 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list from mid-1989.


Philippines

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 10 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1995 season. This is the same list used for the 1987 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in .


Retirement

Due to extensive damage and a high death toll, the JTWC retired the names ''Mireille'' and ''Thelma'', which were replaced by ''Melissa'' and ''Teresa''. Both names were first used in the 1994 season. PAGASA also retired the name ''Uring'' with similar reasons and was replaced by ''Ulding'' for the 1995 season.


Season effects

This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 1991. The tables also provide an overview of a systems intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system. , - , Sharon (Auring) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Caroline Islands, Philippines , , None , , None , , , - , Tim , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Japan , , None , , None , , , - , Vanessa (Bebeng) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Vietnam, China , , None , , None , , , - , Walt (Karing) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands , , None , , None , , , - , TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , None , , , - , Yunya (Diding) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines , , None , , , , , - , TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Caroline Islands , , None , , None , , , - , TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Mariana Islands , , None , , None , , , - , Zeke (Etang) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, South China , , None , , , , , - , Amy (Gening) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Taiwan, China , , Unknown , , , , , - , TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines , , None , , None , , , - , Brendan (Helming) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Taiwan, South China , , None , , None , , , - , Caitlin (Ising) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea , , , , , , , - , Enrique , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , None , , , - , TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , None , , , - , Doug , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , None , , , - , Ellie (Mameng) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China , , None , , None , , , - , Fred (Luding) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, South China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand , , Unknown , , , , , - , 13W , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , None , , , - , Gladys , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Japan, Korean Peninsula, Northeast China , , , , , , , - , TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , None , , , - , 15W , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Japan, South Korea , , None , , None , , , - , Harry , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Japan, South Korea , , None , , None , , , - , Ivy , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan , , Unknown , , , , , - , Joel , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, China, Taiwan , , None , , None , , , - , Kinna (Neneng) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Japan, Korean Peninsula , , Unknown , , , , , - , Mireille (Rosing) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Russia Far East , , , , , , , - , Luke (Pepang) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Mariana Islands, Japan , , None , , , , , - , Nat (Oniang) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Taiwan, China , , Unknown , , None , , , - , Orchid (Sendang) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Guam, Japan , , None , , None , , , - , Pat , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Mariana Islands , , None , , None , , , - , Ruth (Trining) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines , , Unknown , , , , , - , Seth (Warling) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines , , Unknown , , None , , , - , Thelma (Uring) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Vietnam , , , , , , , - , Verne , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands , , None , , None , , , - , Wilda (Yayang) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines , , None , , None , , , - , Yuri , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands , , , , None , , , - , Zelda , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Marshall Islands , , None , , None , , , -


See also

*
Tropical cyclones in 1991 During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 100 systems formed with 75 of these developing further and ...
*
1991 Atlantic hurricane season The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season was the first season since 1984 in which no hurricanes developed from tropical waves, which are the source for most North Atlantic tropical cyclones. The hurricane season officially began on June 1, and end ...
*
1991 Pacific hurricane season The 1991 Pacific hurricane season was a near-average Pacific hurricane season. The worst storm this year was Tropical Storm Ignacio, which killed 23 people in Mexico and injured 40 others. Elsewhere, Hurricane Fefa caused flooding in Hawaii. Hu ...
*
1991 North Indian Ocean cyclone season The 1991 North Indian Ocean Cyclone season was an extremely deadly and destructive season causing the deaths of more than 138,000 people and over $1.5 billion in damages. It was the period in which tropical cyclones formed to the north of the equa ...
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season: 1990–91, 1991–92 * Australian region cyclone season: 1990–91, 1991–92 * South Pacific cyclone season: 1990–91, 1991–92


References


External links


Japan Meteorological Agency

Joint Typhoon Warning Center
.
China Meteorological Agency

National Weather Service Guam



Macau Meteorological Geophysical Services

Korea Meteorological Agency

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration



Satellite movie of 1991 Pacific typhoon season
{{DEFAULTSORT:1991 Pacific Typhoon Season