Philippoteaux Felix - Bonaparte a la bataille de Rivoli

Events

January–March

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– The Treaty of Tripoli, a peace treaty between the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

and

Ottoman Tripolitania The coastal region of what is today Libya was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1912. First, from 1551 to 1864, as the Eyalet of Tripolitania ( ota, ایالت طرابلس غرب ''Eyālet-i Trâblus Gârb'') or '' Bey and Subjects of Tr ...

, is signed at

Algiers Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques d ...

(''see also''

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

). *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 * 49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso I ...

– The parliament of the

Cisalpine Republic The Cisalpine Republic ( it, Repubblica Cisalpina) was a sister republic of France in Northern Italy that existed from 1797 to 1799, with a second version until 1802. Creation After the Battle of Lodi in May 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte organiz ...

adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as the official flag (this is considered the birth of the

flag of Italy The national flag of Italy ( it, Bandiera d'Italia, ), often referred to in Italian as ''il Tricolore'' ( en, the Tricolour, ) is a tricolour featuring three equally sized vertical pales of green, white and red, national colours of Italy, wit ...

). *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the raci ...

–

Action of 13 January 1797 The action of 13 January 1797 (known by the French as the Naufrage du ''Droits de l'Homme''; "shipwreck r sinkingof the ''Droits de l'Homme''") was a minor naval battle fought between a French ship of the line and two British frigates off the co ...

, part of the

War of the First Coalition The War of the First Coalition (french: Guerre de la Première Coalition) was a set of wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797 initially against the constitutional Kingdom of France and then the French Republic that suc ...

: Two British

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Fr ...

frigate A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed an ...

s, HMS ''Indefatigable'' and HMS ''Amazon'', drive the French 74-gun

ship of the line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two colu ...

'' Droits de l'Homme'' aground on the coast of

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period ...

, with over 900 deaths. *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1639 – The " Fundamental Orders", the first written c ...

–

– Battle of Rivoli: French forces under General

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...

defeat an Austrian army of 28,000 men, under ''

Feldzeugmeister ''Feldzeugmeister'' was a historical military rank in some German and the Austro-Hungarian armies, especially in use for the artillery. It was commonly used in the 16th or 17th century, but could even be found at the beginning of the 20th century i ...

József Alvinczi Freiherr Joseph Alvinczi von Borberek a.k.a. Baron József Alvinczi de Borberek (german: Joseph Alvinczy, Freiherr von Berberek; 1 February 1735 – 25 September 1810) was a soldier in the Habsburg Army and a field marshal of the Austrian Empir ...

, near Rivoli (modern-day

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

), ending

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

's fourth and final attempt to relieve the fortress city of

Mantua Mantua ( ; it, Mantova ; Lombard and la, Mantua) is a city and '' comune'' in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name. In 2016, Mantua was designated as the Italian Capital of Culture. In 2017, it was named as the Eur ...

. *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

– The Treaty of the Third Partition of Poland is signed in St. Petersburg by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...

and the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. ...

. *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: ...

– Siege of Mantua: Field marshal Dagobert von Wurmser surrenders the fortress city to the French; only 16,000 men of the

garrison A garrison (from the French ''garnison'', itself from the verb ''garnir'', "to equip") is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it. The term now often applies to certain facilities that constitute a mili ...

are capable of marching out as prisoners of war. *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 *1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. * 1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. * 1488 – ...

–

Battle of Faenza The Battle of Faenza, also known as the Battle of Castel Bolognese on February 3, 1797 saw a 7,000 troops from the Papal Army commanded by Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi facing 9,000 troops from the French Army under the command of Claude ...

: A French corps (9,000 men) under General

Claude Victor-Perrin Claude-Victor Perrin, 1st Duke of Belluno (7 December 1764 – 1 March 1841) was a French soldier and military commander who served during both the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of the Empire in ...

defeats the forces from the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...

, at Castel Bolognese near

Faenza Faenza (, , ; rgn, Fènza or ; la, Faventia) is an Italian city and comune of 59,063 inhabitants in the province of Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, situated southeast of Bologna. Faenza is home to a historical manufacture of majolica-ware glazed ea ...

. *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrelling ...

– The Riobamba earthquake in Ecuador, estimated magnitude 8.3, causes up to 40,000 casualties. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. * 1429 – English forces und ...

– "

Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser "" (; ) was a personal anthem to Francis II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and later of the Austrian Empire, with lyrics by Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749–1827) and music by Joseph Haydn. It is sometimes called the "Kaiserhymne" (; Emperor's ...

" is first performed, with the music composed in January by

Joseph Haydn Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions to musical form have le ...

, which also becomes the tune to the

Deutschlandlied The "" (; "Song of Germany"), officially titled "" (; "The Song of the Germans"), has been the national anthem of Germany either wholly or in part since 1922, except for a seven-year gap following World War II in West Germany. In East German ...

, the German national anthem (''Deutschland, Deutschland über alles'', later ''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit''). *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis t ...

–

French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted France against Britain, Austria, Pruss ...

– Battle of Cape St. Vincent: The British

under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats a larger Spanish fleet off

Cape St. Vincent Cape St. Vincent ( pt, Cabo de São Vicente, ) is a headland in the municipality of Vila do Bispo, in the Algarve, southern Portugal. It is the southwesternmost point of Portugal and of mainland Europe. History Cape St. Vincent was already sac ...

, Portugal. *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 *1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &n ...

– Invasion of Trinidad: Spanish Governor José María Chacón peacefully surrenders the colony of

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...

to a British naval force, commanded by Sir

Ralph Abercromby Lieutenant General Sir Ralph Abercromby (7 October 173428 March 1801) was a British soldier and politician. He rose to the rank of lieutenant-general in the British Army, was appointed Governor of Trinidad, served as Commander-in-Chief, Ir ...

. *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of ...

–

Treaty of Tolentino {{unreferenced, date=June 2018 The Treaty of Tolentino was a peace treaty between Revolutionary France and the Papal States, signed on 19 February 1797 and imposing terms of surrender on the Papal side. The signatories for France were the French Di ...

Pope Pius VI Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...

signs a peace treaty with Revolutionary France. He is forced to deliver works of art, treasures, territory, the

Comtat Venaissin The Comtat Venaissin (; Provençal: , Mistralian norm: , classical norm: ; 'County of Venaissin'), often called the for short, was a part of the Papal States (1274‒1791) in what is now the region of France. The entire region was an enclav ...

and 30 million francs. *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferd ...

– The last invasion of Britain begins: French forces, under the command of American Colonel William Tate, land near

Fishguard Fishguard ( cy, Abergwaun, meaning "Mouth of the River Gwaun") is a coastal town in Pembrokeshire, Wales, with a population of 3,419 in 2011; the community of Fishguard and Goodwick had a population of 5,407. Modern Fishguard consists of two p ...

, Wales. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 *138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...

– William Tate surrenders to the British at Fishguard. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is ...

– Bank Restriction Act removes the requirement for the

Bank of England The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker, and still one of the bankers for the Government o ...

(the national bank of Great Britain) to convert banknotes into gold - Restriction period lasts until 1821. The Bank of England issues the first one-pound and two-pound notes (pound notes discontinued

March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...

, 1988). *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a ...

–

John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...

sworn in Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to giv ...

as the second

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal gove ...

, with an uneventful transition of power from the administration of George Washington. *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. *1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern j ...

– Protestant missionaries from the

London Missionary Society The London Missionary Society was an interdenominational evangelical missionary society formed in England in 1795 at the instigation of Welsh Congregationalist minister Edward Williams. It was largely Reformed in outlook, with Congregational m ...

land in

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Austra ...

, from the '' Duff'' (celebrated as

Missionary Day Missionary Day (french: Arrivée de l'Évangile) is an official holiday in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France. It is celebrated annually on 5 March, to mark the arrival of the London Missionary Society (LMS) missionaries in 179 ...

French Polynesia )Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze") , anthem = , song_type = Regional anthem , song = "Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui" , image_map = French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of French ...

). *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 * 624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Ton ...

– ''

Médée ''Médée'' is a dramatic tragedy in five acts written in alexandrine verse by Pierre Corneille in 1635. Summary The heroine of the play is the sorceress Médée. After Médée gives Jason twin boys, Jason leaves her for Creusa. Médée ex ...

'', an opera by

Luigi Cherubini Luigi Cherubini ( ; ; 8 or 14 SeptemberWillis, in Sadie (Ed.), p. 833 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer. His most significant compositions are operas and sacred music. Beethoven regarded Cherubini as the gre ...

, is premiered in Paris. *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. *1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...

– Battle of Valvasone: The Austrian army, led by Archduke Charles, fights a

rearguard A rearguard is a part of a military force that protects it from attack from the rear, either during an advance or withdrawal. The term can also be used to describe forces protecting lines, such as communication lines, behind an army. Even more ...

action at the crossing of the

Tagliamento The Tagliamento () is a braided river in north-east Italy, flowing from the Alps to the Adriatic Sea at a point between Trieste and Venice. The Tagliamento river is considered as the last morphologically intact river in the Alps. (Its c ...

River, but is defeated by Napoleon Bonaparte at

Valvasone Valvasone Arzene () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Pordenone in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about east of Pordenone. It was formed on 1 January 2015 after the merger of the ...

. *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

–

Battle of Parramatta The Battle of Parramatta was a battle of the Australian Frontier Wars which occurred in Sydney on March 1797. In the conflict, Aboriginal resistance leader Pemulwuy led a group of Bidjigal warriors, estimated to be at least 100, in an attack on ...

: Resistance leader

Pemulwuy Pemulwuy (also rendered as Pimbloy, Pemulvoy, Pemulwoy, Pemulwy or Pemulwye, or sometimes by contemporary Europeans as Bimblewove, Bumbleway or Bembulwoyan) (c. 1750 – 2 June 1802) was a Bidjigal man of the Eora nation, born around 1750 in t ...

led a group of aboriginal warriors, estimated to be at least 100, in an attack on a government farm at Toongabbie in

Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mounta ...

, Australia.

April–June

* April 16 – The Spithead and Nore mutinies break out in the British Royal Navy. *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. * 1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Has ...

** Battle of San Juan: Sir

unsuccessfully invades

San Juan, Puerto Rico San Juan (, , ; Spanish for "Saint John") is the capital city and most populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As of the 2020 census, it is the 57th-largest city under the ...

in what will be one of the largest British attacks on Spanish territories in the western hemisphere, and one of the worst defeats of the British Royal Navy for years to come. ** Veronese Easter: Citizens of

Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...

, Italy, began an unsuccessful eight-day rebellion against the French occupying forces. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. *1428 – Peace of Ferrara bet ...

– Armistice of Leoben: On behalf of the

French Republic France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, a delegation under Napoleon Bonaparte signs a

peace treaty A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice, which is an agreement to stop hostilities; a surre ...

with the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...

at Leoben. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

– The first ship of the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

, the frigate USS ''United States'', is commissioned. * May 12 –

: Napoleon Bonaparte conquers

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, ending the city and

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia ...

's 1,100 years of independence. The last

doge of Venice The Doge of Venice ( ; vec, Doxe de Venexia ; it, Doge di Venezia ; all derived from Latin ', "military leader"), sometimes translated as Duke (compare the Italian '), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice between 726 ...

, Ludovico Manin, steps down. The

Venetian Ghetto The Venetian Ghetto was the area of Venice in which Jews were forced to live by the government of the Venetian Republic. The English word '' ghetto'' is derived from the Jewish ghetto in Venice. The Venetian Ghetto was instituted on 29 March ...

is thrown open. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometre ...

– English abolitionist

William Wilberforce William Wilberforce (24 August 175929 July 1833) was a British politician, philanthropist and leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade. A native of Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, he began his political career in 1780, eventually becom ...

marries

Barbara Ann Spooner Barbara Ann Wilberforce (née Spooner; 24 December 1777 – 21 April 1847) was the spouse of abolitionist and MP William Wilberforce. Early life She was born in Birches Green, Erdington, Warwickshire, and died in The Vicarage, East Farleigh ...

about six weeks after their first meeting. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

– French troops disembark in

Corfu Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...

, beginning the First period of French rule in the Ionian Islands. *

June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei. *1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. *1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...

– Napoleon Bonaparte decrees the birth of the

; he appoints ministers and establishes the first constitution.

July–September

Ataque británico en Santa Cruz de Tenerife

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

– U.S. Senator

William Blount William Blount (March 26, 1749March 21, 1800) was an American Founding Father, statesman, farmer and land speculator who signed the United States Constitution. He was a member of the North Carolina delegation at the Constitutional Convention o ...

becomes the first federal legislator to be expelled from office, as his fellow Senators vote 25 to 1 to block him from his seat during an investigation against him on charges of criminal conspiracy. * July 24 –

Horatio Nelson Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronte (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British flag officer in the Royal Navy. His inspirational leadership, grasp of strategy, and unconventional tactics brought a ...

is wounded at the Battle of Santa Cruz, losing an arm. * August 29 –

Massacre of Tranent The Massacre of Tranent took place on 29 August 1797 in the town of Tranent, East Lothian, Scotland. Proclamation On 28 August a proclamation was drawn up by local people to object to the conscription of Scots into the British Militia, to be u ...

: British troops attack protestors against enforced recruitment into the

militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

Tranent Tranent is a town in East Lothian (formerly Haddingtonshire), in the south-east of Scotland. The town lies 6 miles from the boundary of Edinburgh, and 9.1 miles from the city centre. It lies beside the A1 road, the A1 runs through the paris ...

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to ...

, killing 12. *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...

– The

Coup of 18 Fructidor The Coup of 18 Fructidor, Year V (4 September 1797 in the French Republican Calendar), was a seizure of power in France by members of the Directory, the government of the French First Republic, with support from the French military. The coup wa ...

is carried out in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

as three of the five members of The Directory, France's executive council, arrested royalist members of the

Council of Five Hundred The Council of Five Hundred (''Conseil des Cinq-Cents''), or simply the Five Hundred, was the lower house of the legislature of France under the Constitution of the Year III. It existed during the period commonly known (from the name of the ...

, the national legislature, and discard the results of the spring elections. * September 5 – France's new government decrees that citizens who left the country without authorization are subject to the death penalty if they return. * September 30 – Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret, French finance minister, repudiates two thirds of France's debt.

October–December

* October 11 –

Battle of Camperdown The Battle of Camperdown (known in Dutch as the ''Zeeslag bij Kamperduin'') was a major naval action fought on 11 October 1797, between the British North Sea Fleet under Admiral Adam Duncan and a Batavian Navy (Dutch) fleet under Vice-Admiral ...

: the British Royal Navy defeats the fleet of the

Batavian Republic The Batavian Republic ( nl, Bataafse Republiek; french: République Batave) was the successor state to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on 19 January 1795 and ended on 5 June 1806, with the accession of Louis Bon ...

off the coast of

Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former Provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherland ...

. * October 17 – The

Treaty of Campo Formio The Treaty of Campo Formio (today Campoformido) was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl as representatives of the French Republic and the Austrian monarchy, respectively. The trea ...

ends the

. * October 18 – The

XYZ Affair The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War. The name derives from the subs ...

inflames tensions between France and the United States when American negotiators

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (February 25, 1746 – August 16, 1825) was an American Founding Father, statesman of South Carolina, Revolutionary War veteran, and delegate to the Constitutional Convention where he signed the United States Constit ...

John Marshall John Marshall (September 24, 1755July 6, 1835) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 until his death in 1835. He remains the longest-serving chief justice and fourth-longes ...

, and

Elbridge Gerry Elbridge Gerry (; July 17, 1744 – November 23, 1814) was an American Founding Father, merchant, politician, and diplomat who served as the fifth vice president of the United States under President James Madison from 1813 until his death in 1 ...

meet with French government representatives Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy and Lucien Hauteval and are told that a treaty between France and the U.S. will require payment of a bribe to France's Foreign Minister Charles Talleyrand and a large loan of American cash to France. Pinckney tells people later that his response was "No, no, not a sixpence!"; Hottinguer, Bellamy and Hauteval are referred to, respectively, as "X", "Y" and "Z" in U.S. government reports on the failed negotiations. * October 21 – In

Boston Harbor Boston Harbor is a natural harbor and estuary of Massachusetts Bay, and is located adjacent to the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the northeastern United States. History ...

, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate is launched to fight

Barbary pirates The Barbary pirates, or Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. This area was known in Europe ...

off the coast of Tripoli; the ship will remain in commission in the 21st century. * October 22 –

André-Jacques Garnerin André-Jacques Garnerin (31 January 176918 August 1823) was a French balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. He was appointed Official Aeronaut of France. Biography Garnerin was born in Paris. He was captured by British tro ...

makes the first parachute descent, at Parc Monceau, Paris; he uses a silk parachute to descend approximately from a hot air balloon. *

November November is the eleventh and penultimate month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars, the fourth and last of four months to have a length of 30 days and the fifth and last of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days. Nov ...

– 1797 Rugby School rebellion: The students at

Rugby School Rugby School is a public school (English independent boarding school for pupils aged 13–18) in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. ...

in England rebel against the headmaster, Henry Ingles, after he decrees that the damage to a tradesman's windows should be paid for by the students. *

November 16 Events Pre-1600 * 951 – Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom. *1272 – Whi ...

** The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as Fredrick William III. ** (or November 23?) – British

is wrecked on the approaches to

Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax is the capital and largest municipality of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, and the largest municipality in Atlantic Canada. As of the 2021 Census, the municipal population was 439,819, with 348,634 people in its urban area. Th ...

; of the 240 on board, all but 12 are lost.

Undated

* The secret

Lautaro Lodge The Lautaro Lodge ( es, Logia Lautaro) was a revolutionary secret lodge active in Latin American politics in the 19th Century. It was initially known as the Lodge of Rational Knights ( es, Logia de los Caballeros Racionales). Its initial purposes w ...

as the ''Logia de los Caballeros Racionales'' ("Lodge of Rational Knights") is founded, perhaps in

Cádiz Cádiz (, , ) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the Province of Cádiz, one of eight that make up the autonomous community of Andalusia. Cádiz, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe, ...

; membership will include many leaders of the

Spanish American wars of independence The Spanish American wars of independence (25 September 1808 – 29 September 1833; es, Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) were numerous wars in Spanish America with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule during the early ...

such as

Francisco de Miranda Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez de Espinoza (28 March 1750 – 14 July 1816), commonly known as Francisco de Miranda (), was a Venezuelan military leader and revolutionary. Although his own plans for the independence of the Spani ...

Bernardo O'Higgins Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (; August 20, 1778 – October 24, 1842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. He was a wealthy landowner of Basque-Spanish and Irish ancestry. Alth ...

and

José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 177817 August 1850), known simply as José de San Martín () or '' the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru'', was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and centr ...

. * Shinyukan Cram School (進修館) founded by Masataka Okudaira (奥平昌孝) in Nakatsu,

Buzen Province was an old province of Japan in northern Kyūshū in the area of Fukuoka Prefecture and Ōita Prefecture. It was sometimes called , with Bungo Province. Buzen bordered on Bungo and Chikuzen Provinces. History The ruins of the ancient capital ...

(now Oita Prefecture),

Kyushu Island is the third-largest island of Japan's five main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands ( i.e. excluding Okinawa). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regional name referred to Kyushu and its surround ...

, as predecessor of Keio-Gijyuku University in Japan. *

Joseph-Louis Lagrange Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi Lagrangiadifferential calculus In mathematics, differential calculus is a subfield of calculus that studies the rates at which quantities change. It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus—the study of the area beneath a curve ...

, entitled ''Théorie des fonctions analytiques''.

Births

January–March

Franz Schubert by Wilhelm August Rieder 1875

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the ye ...

Christopher Jacob Boström Christopher Jacob Boström (1 January 1797 in Piteå, Norrbotten – 22 March 1866 in Uppsala) was a Swedish philosopher. His ideas dominated Swedish philosophy until the beginning of the twentieth century.

, Swedish philosopher (d.

1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman t ...

) **

Utagawa Kuniyoshi Utagawa Kuniyoshi ( ja, 歌川国芳, ; January 1, 1798 – April 14, 1861) was one of the last great masters of the Japanese ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting.Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al'' (2005). "Kuniyoshi" in He was ...

, Japanese woodblock printer (''ukiyo-e'') (d.

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first stea ...

) *

–

Frederick William Hope Frederick William Hope (3 January 1797 – 15 April 1862) was an English clergyman, naturalist, collector, and entomologist, who founded a professorship at the University of Oxford to which he gave his entire collections of insects in 1849 (now ...

, English entomologist at the University of Oxford (d.

1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engl ...

– Wilhelm Beer, German banker, astronomer (d.

1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad " Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city ...

) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...

– Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein, Prussian general (d.

1885 Events January–March * January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam. * January 4 &n ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

–

Edward Turner Bennett Edward Turner Bennett (6 January 1797 – 21 August 1836) was an English zoologist and writer. He was the elder brother of the botanist John Joseph Bennett.

, English zoologist and writer (d. 1836) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin ...

–

Edmund Murray Dodd Edmund Murray Dodd (January 9, 1797 – July 27, 1876) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented the township of Sydney in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1832 to 1848. He was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, ...

, Canadian lawyer (d.

1876 Events January–March * January 1 ** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol. * February 2 – The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs is ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 * 49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the ...

– Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, German writer (d.

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...

Carl Rottmann Carl Anton Joseph Rottmann (11 January 1797, in Handschuhsheim – 7 July 1850, in Munich) was a German landscape painter and the most famous member of the Rottmann family of painters. Rottmann belonged to the circle of artists around King Lud ...

, German landscape painter, the most famous member of the Rottmann family of painters (d.

) **

Connop Thirlwall Connop Thirlwall (11 January 1797 – 27 July 1875) was an English bishop (in Wales) and historian. Early life Thirlwall was born at Stepney, London, to Thomas and Susannah Thirlwall. His father was an Anglican priest who claimed descent from ...

, English bishop (in Wales), historian (d.

1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of th ...

) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. * 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...

Gideon Brecher Gideon Brecher (; 12 January 1797 – 14 May 1873), also known by the pen name Gedaliah ben Eliezer (, was an Austrian writer and physician. He was a central figure in the Moravian Haskalah. Biography Brecher was born in Prossnitz, Moravia, and ...

, Austrian physician, writer (d. 1873) *

–

George Agar-Ellis, 1st Baron Dover George James Welbore Agar-Ellis, 1st Baron Dover PC FRS FSA (14 January 179710 July 1833) was a British politician and man of letters. He was briefly First Commissioner of Woods and Forests under Lord Grey between 1830 and 1831. Background ...

, British peer and man of letters (d.

1833 Events January–March * January 3 – Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. * February 6 – His Royal Highness Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria assumes the title His Majesty Othon the ...

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

–

Vincenz Kollar Vincenz Kollar (15 January 1797 in Kranowitz, Silesia – 30 May 1860 in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in Diptera. He was especially concerned with species of economic interest, particularly those of forests. Kollar describ ...

, Austrian entomologist specializing in Diptera (d.

1860 Events January–March * January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts ...

) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people ...

– Joseph Barclay Pentland, Irish geographer (d. 1873) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender a ...

Henri-Bernard Dabadie Henri-Bernard Dabadie (19 January 1797 – 20 May 1853) was a French baritone, particularly associated with Rossini and Auber roles. Life and career Born in Pau, Dabadie studied at the Paris Conservatory and made his debut at the Paris Op� ...

, French baritone (d.

1853 Events January–March * January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. * January 8 – Taiping Reb ...

) **

Cornelia Aletta van Hulst Cornelia Aletta van Hulst (19 January 1797 – 7 November 1870) was a Dutch painter.1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Br ...

) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 & ...

– Jonathan Leavitt, American bookbinder, co-founder of the New York City publishing firm of Leavitt & Trow (d.

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...

) *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...

– Joseph Méry, French writer (d.

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw ...

** Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria (d. 1826) ** Thomas Moore-Lane, Irish oculist, surgeon, physician to the Nawab (d.

1844 In the Philippines, it was the only leap year with 365 days, as December 31 was skipped when 1845 began after December 30. Events January–March * January 15 – The University of Notre Dame, based in the city of the same name, receives ...

) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Counc ...

– Leo Dupont, Martinique-born Venerated French Catholic, who helped spread various Catholic devotions (d.

) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

Achille Rémy Percheron Achille Rémy Percheron (25 January 1797 Paris – 1869) was a French entomologist. He listed, in ''Bibliographie entomologique'' more than 5 000 authors and 500 anonymous contributions. Works *With Hippolyte Louis Gory Hippolyte Louis Gory (2 ...

, French entomologist (d.

1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional Soccer, football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 & ...

) ** John Stuart, 12th Earl of Moray (d. 1867) *

– Therese Albertine Luise Robinson, German-American author (d.

1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Br ...

) *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...

– Narcisse Girard, French violinist (d.

) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...

** Marguerite Beaubien, Canadian nun, mother superior with the Sisters of Charity (d.

) ** Prince Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Prussian nobleman (d. 1873) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An estimat ...

– Edwin Vose Sumner, career United States Army officer who became a Union Army general during the American Civil War (d.

1863 Events January–March * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaim ...

) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...

–

Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...

, Austrian pianist, composer (d. 1828) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– Frederick Sullivan, English first-class cricketer associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (d. 1873) *

** Joseph Louis Corbin, French general who took command of the successful attack that lifted the Siege of Constantine in 1837 (d. 1859) ** Bertha Zück, German-born treasurer of Queen Josephine of Sweden (d. 1868) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– György Andrássy, Hungarian nobleman (d. 1872) *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death ...

Richard Hawes Richard Hawes Jr. (February 6, 1797 – May 25, 1877) was a United States representative from Kentucky and the second Confederate Governor of Kentucky. He was part of the politically influential Hawes family. His brother, uncle, and cousin a ...

, United States Representative from Kentucky and the second Confederate Governor of Kentucky (d.

1877 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great ...

) **

Vaast Barthélemy Henry Vaast Barthélemy Henry, called Abbé Henry, (6 February 1797 – 21 February 1884) was a French Catholic priest, parish priest of Quarré-les-Tombes from 1823 to 1884. He is known as a regional historian. Biography Henry was born in Seignelay ...

, French Catholic priest (d. 1884) ** Joseph von Radowitz, conservative Prussian statesman, general (d.

) *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 *1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparki ...

–

George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall George Hamilton Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall (10 February 1797 – 20 October 1883), styled Viscount Chichester until 1799 and Earl of Belfast between 1799 and 1844, was an Anglo-Irish landowner, courtier and politician. He served as V ...

, British landowner, courtier and politician (d.

1883 Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * Janua ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, English Conservative politician (d.

) *

–

John Timon John Timon, C.M. (February 12, 1797 – April 16, 1867) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the bishop of the new Diocese of Buffalo in Western New York and founder of the brothers of the Holy Infancy religious order. B ...

, first Roman Catholic Bishop of Buffalo (d. 1867) *

–

Pierre Sylvain Dumon Pierre Sylvain Dumon (14 February 1797 – 24 February 1870) was a French politician who was a deputy from 1831 to 1848, and Minister of Finance in the last years of the July Monarchy. Early years Pierre Sylvain Dumon was born in Agen, Lot-et-Ga ...

, French politician, deputy (1831-1848) (d.

) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tib ...

–

Henry Engelhard Steinway Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg, anglicized name Henry Engelhard Steinway, (February 22, 1797 – February 7, 1871)B ...

, German-American piano manufacturer (d.

1871 Events January–March * January 3 – Franco-Prussian War – Battle of Bapaume: Prussians win a strategic victory. * January 18 – Proclamation of the German Empire: The member states of the North German Confederation and the sout ...

) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

–

Charles Alexandre Charles Alexandre (17 February 1797, Amiens – 6 June 1870, Paris) was a 19th-century French hellenist, philologist, general inspector of the Instruction publique and a member of the Institut de France. He was a student at the École normale supé ...

, French Hellenist (d.

) *

** Jean-Baptiste Boucho, French-born Vicar Apostolic of Malacca-Singapore (d.

) ** John Day, Liberian politician and jurist, 2nd Chief Justice of Liberia (1854 until his death) (d. 1859) *

** Giuseppe Avezzana, Italian soldier fighting in Europe and America (d.

1879 Events January–March * January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War. * January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins. * Janu ...

) **

Wincenty Smokowski Wincenty Smokowski ( lt, Vincentas Smakauskas; 19 February 1797, Vilnius — 13 February 1876, Krikonys, Ignalina District Municipality, Ignalina Raion), was a Polish-Lithuanian identity, Polish-Lithuanian painter and illustrator in the Academici ...

, Polish-Lithuanian painter, illustrator (Academic and Classical styles) (d.

) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 *452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. *1440 – The Pru ...

– João Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Portuguese writer, administrator (d. 1881) *

Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance (22 February 1797, in Saint-Pal-de-Chalencon – 18 April 1832, Paris) was a French pathologist remembered for Dance's sign. He was the son of a physician, and studied medicine in Paris, gaining his M.D. in 1826. ...

, French pathologist remembered for Dance's sign (d. 1832) ** Yelizaveta Golitsyna, Russian noble, Catholic nun (d.

) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of ...

– Heinrich Halfeld, German engineer (d. 1873) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * ...

–

Samuel Lover Samuel Lover (24 February 1797 – 6 July 1868), also known as "Ben Trovato" ("well invented"), was an Irish songwriter, composer and novelist, and a portrait painter, chiefly in miniatures. He was the grandfather of Victor Herbert. Life Lov ...

, Irish songwriter (d. 1868) *

–

Maria Abdy Maria Abdy, née Smith, also known as Mrs Adby, (25 February 1797 – 19 July 1867) was an English poet.Susan Brown, Patricia Clements & Isobel GrundyMaria Abdy ''Orlando: Women's Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present'' ...

, English poet (d. 1867) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...

Wilhelm Meinhold Johannes Wilhelm Meinhold (27 February 1797Bridgwater (2000), p. 213. – 30 November 1851) was a Pomeranian priest and author. Life Meinhold was born in Lütow on the island of Usedom, where his father Georg Wilhelm Meinhold (1767–1728) ...

, Pomeranian priest, author (d.

1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly. ...

) **

Henry George Ward Sir Henry George Ward GCMG (27 February 17972 August 1860) was an English diplomat, politician, and colonial administrator. Early life He was the son of Robert Ward (who in 1828 changed his surname by sign manual to Plumer Ward) and his first ...

, English diplomat, politician, and colonial administrator (d.

) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 * 202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. * 1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is execut ...

– John Henderson, Mississippi lawyer, United States Senator (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Jan ...

) *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome (537–38), Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths, Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Piazza del Popolo, Flaminian Gate; he a ...

– Étienne Mulsant, French entomologist, ornithologist (d.

1880 Events January–March * January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia. * January – The international White slave trade affair scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy. * February � ...

) *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. *1575 ...

– Gotthilf Hagen, German civil engineer who made important contributions to fluid dynamics (d. 1884) *

Friedrich von Gerolt Friedrich Karl Joseph Freiherr von Gerolt (5 March 1797 Bonn - 27 July 1879 Linz am Rhein) was Prussian Privy Councillor, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in the United States. Family Gerolt was born the son of the German jurist a ...

, Prussian Privy Councillor, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in the United States (d.

) ** James Rider, American politician from New York (d.

) *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

– Gerrit Smith, American social reformer (d.

1874 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes The Bronx. * January 2 – Ignacio María González becomes head of state of the Dominican Republic for the first time. * January 3 – Third Carlist War &ndash ...

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Co ...

– Édouard Thibaudeau, Lower Canadian lawyer, political figure (d. 1836) *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...

Henry Acton Henry Acton (10 March 1797 – 16 August 1843) was an English Unitarian minister, and author of numerous sermons, pamphlets, lectures, and statements. Biography Acton was born at Lewes, Sussex, 10 March 1797, where his father was parish c ...

, English Unitarian minister (d.

1843 Events January–March * January ** Serial publication of Charles Dickens's novel ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' begins in London; in the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States. ** Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart ...

) ** Selah R. Hobbie, United States Representative from New York (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The ...

) **

Henry Liddell, 1st Earl of Ravensworth Henry Thomas Liddell, 1st Earl of Ravensworth (10 March 1797 – 19 March 1878) was a British peer and Member of Parliament for several constituencies. Liddell was the eldest son of Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth. He was educated at Eton ...

, British peer, Member of Parliament for several constituencies (d. 1878) **

George Julius Poulett Scrope George Julius Poulett Scrope FRS (10 March 1797 – 19 January 1876) was an English geologist and political economist as well as a Member of Parliament and magistrate for Stroud in Gloucestershire. While an undergraduate at Cambridge, thr ...

, English geologist, political economist and magistrate (d.

) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. *1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the C ...

–

Benjamin Caesar Benjamin Julius Caesar (12 March 1797 – 1867) was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1824 to 1830. He was mainly associated with Godalming Cricket Club and Surrey and made 11 known appearances in first-class ...

, English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket (1824-1830) (d. 1867) *

Eleazer Parmly Eleazar Parmly (March 13, 1797 – December 13, 1874) was an American dentist in New York City during the early 1800s. He was the first Provost of The University of Maryland School of Dentistry, the first dental school established in the United S ...

, American dentist in New York City (d.

) **

Charles de Rémusat Charles François Marie, Comte de Rémusat (, 13 March 1797 – 6 June 1875), was a French politician and writer. Biography He was born in Paris. His father, Auguste Laurent, Comte de Rémusat, whose family came from Toulouse, was chamber ...

, French politician and writer (d.

) **

George Bacon Wood George Bacon Wood (March 13, 1797 – March 30, 1879) was an American physician, professor, and writer from Pennsylvania. A native of Greenwich, New Jersey, Wood was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, from which he received his medica ...

, American physician (d.

) *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 &ndash ...

– Benjamin Guérard, French librarian, historian (d.

) *

Lavinia Ryves Lavinia Jannetta Horton Ryves (née Serres; 16 March 1797 – 7 December 1871), was a British woman claiming to be a member of the British royal family, calling herself "Princess Lavinia of Cumberland". Born in Liverpool, England, Lavinia was the ...

, British woman claiming to be a member of the British royal family (d.

) **

Alaric Alexander Watts Alaric Alexander Watts (16 March 1797 – 5 April 1864) was a British poet and journalist, born in London. His life was dedicated to newspaper creation and editing, and he was seen as a conservative writer. It led him to bankruptcy, when a p ...

, British poet, journalist (d.

1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song ...

) *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ei ...

** Andrew Fernando Holmes, Canadian physician (d.

) **

Johann Adam Pupikofer Johann Adam Pupikofer (17 March 1797 – 28 July 1882) was a Swiss historian, from 1861 curator of the Thurgau cantonal archive in Frauenfeld. Pupikofer is known for his ''History of Thurgau'' (published in two volumes 1828, 1830). He also aut ...

, Swiss historian, curator of the Thurgau cantonal archive in Frauenfeld (d. 1882) *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...

–

Michel Goudchaux Michel Goudchaux (18 March 1797 – 27 December 1862) was a French banker and politician who was twice Minister of Finance during the French Second Republic. A firm Republican, he refused to accept the government of Napoleon III. Early years M ...

, French banker, politician who was twice Minister of Finance during the French Second Republic (d.

) *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

** John Braithwaite, English engineer, inventor of the first steam fire engine (d.

) **

Addison Gardiner Addison Gardiner (March 19, 1797 – June 5, 1883) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Lieutenant governor of New York from 1845 to 1847 and Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 1854 to 1855. Early life and career G ...

, American lawyer and politician, Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals (1854-1855) (d.

) *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka. * 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. * 1600 – The Link ...

– John Roberton, Scottish physician, social reformer (d.

) *

– Johann Andreas Wagner, German palaeontologist (d.

) *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...

** Eduard Gans, German jurist (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – ...

) ** Emperor

Wilhelm I of Germany William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the f ...

(d.

1888 In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late ...

) ** Jean-Bernard Rousseau, French Roman Catholic professed religious of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (d. 1867) **

Józef Zaliwski Józef Zaliwski of Junosza coat of arms (22 March 1797 in Marijampolė or Jurbarkas – 1 April 1855 in Paris) was a Polish pułkownik of Kingdom of Poland and independence activist. Zaliwski was a member of Wolnomularstwo Narodowe ( pl, Nati ...

, Polish independence activist (d. 1855) * March 23 –

Ernest Edgcumbe, 3rd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe Ernest Augustus Edgcumbe, 3rd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (23 March 1797 – 3 September 1861), styled Viscount Valletort between 1818 and 1837, was a British peer and politician. Background Mount Edgcumbe was the second but eldest surviving son of R ...

, English politician (d.

) * March 24 **

Abraham Hoagland Abraham Lucas Hoagland (March 24, 1797 – February 14, 1872) was an early Mormon leader, pioneer, and one of the founders of Royal Oak, Michigan, and Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Early life Hoagland was born on March 24, 1797, in Hillsborough ...

, early American Mormon leader (d. 1872) ** Thomas B. Jackson, United States Representative from New York (d. 1881) **

Sackville Lane-Fox Sackville Walter Lane-Fox (24 March 1797 – 18 August 1874), was a British Conservative Party politician. Background Lane-Fox was the son of James Fox-Lane, of Bramham Park, West Yorkshire, by the Honourable Mary Lucy, daughter of George Pi ...

, British Conservative Party politician (d.

) **

Antonio Rosmini-Serbati Blessed Antonio Francesco Davide Ambrogio Rosmini-Serbati (; Rovereto, 25 March 1797 Stresa, 1 July 1855) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and philosopher. He founded the Rosminians, officially the Institute of Charity or , pioneered ...

, Italian Catholic priest, philosopher (d. 1855) *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to v ...

Auguste-Arthur, Comte de Beugnot Count Auguste-Arthur Beugnot (25 March 1797, Bar-sur-Aube – 15 March 1865, Paris) was a French historian and statesman. He was a son of Jacques-Claude Beugnot. Originally he adopted the profession of advocate, but soon abandoned it in order to d ...

, French historian, statesman (d.

1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher ...

) **

J. G. M. Ramsey James Gettys McGready Ramsey (March 25, 1797 – April 11, 1884) was an American historian, physician, planter, slave owner, and businessman, active primarily in East Tennessee during the nineteenth century. Ramsey is perhaps best known for hi ...

, American historian (d. 1884) **

John Winebrenner John Winebrenner (March 25, 1797September 12, 1860), founded the Churches of God General Conference. Life Winebrenner was born in Walkersville, Maryland. He studied at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was ordained in the German Ref ...

, American founder of the Churches of God General Conference (d.

) *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. *1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, ...

** Fortunato José Barreiros, Portuguese colonial administrator, military architect (d.

) **

Joseph Fielding Joseph Fielding (March 26, 1797 – December 19, 1863) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. He served as the second president of the British Mission (1838–1840), coordinating the activities of missionaries in sections of the Un ...

, early American leader of the Latter Day Saint movement (d.

) ** Hedworth Lambton, Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom (d.

) *

March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...

** John Dix Fisher, physician and founder of Perkins Institution for the Blind in Boston (d.

) **

George Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton George Carr Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton (27 March 1797 – 24 July 1873) was a banker with interests in the railways, a partner in the family firm of Glyn, Mills & Co., which was reputed to be the largest private bank in London. Background He was ...

, English banker with interests in the railways (d. 1873) **

Heinrich LXXII, Prince Reuss of Lobenstein and Ebersdorf Heinrich LXXII, Prince Reuss of Lobenstein and Ebersdorf (27 March 1797 – 17 February 1853) was the ruling prince of Reuss-Lobenstein from 7 May 1824 until his abdication on 1 October 1848, and of Reuss-Ebersdorf from 1822 to 1848. He was a co ...

(d.

) **

Alfred de Vigny Alfred Victor, Comte de Vigny (27 March 1797 – 17 September 1863) was a French poet and early French Romanticist. He also produced novels, plays, and translations of Shakespeare. Biography Vigny was born in Loches (a town to which he never r ...

, French poet, early leader of French Romanticism (d.

) *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Didiu ...

–

George O. Belden George Ogilvie Belden (March 28, 1797 – October 9, 1833) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as and a U.S. Representative from New York from 1827 to 1829. Biography Born in Norwalk, Connecticut, Belden attended the public ...

, American politician, Representative from New York (d.

) *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

–

Charles I. du Pont Charles Irénée du Pont (March 29, 1797 – January 31, 1869) was an American manufacturer and politician, and an early member of the prominent du Pont family business. He was a nephew of Eleuthère Irénée du Pont, the founder of the E. I. d ...

, American manufacturer, politician (d.

) *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

** William Ryerson, Methodist minister, political figure in western Canada (d. 1872) **

Walter Calverley Trevelyan Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan FGS FRSE (31 March 1797 – 23 March 1879) was an English naturalist and geologist. Life He was born in 1797 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the eldest son of Sir John Trevelyan, fifth baronet, of Nettlecombe, Somerset, ...

, English naturalist, geologist (d.

)

April–June

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Ko ...

** Sir William Alexander, 3rd Baronet of England (d. 1873) ** Ludwig Titze, Austrian singer associated with Franz Schubert's songs (d.

) *

April 2 Events Pre-1600 *1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. Joh ...

** Samuel Bogart, itinerant Methodist minister, militia captain from Ray County, Missouri (d.

) ** Joseph-François Deblois, Lower Canadian lawyer (d.

) ** John Peter Gassiot, English businessman, amateur scientist (d.

) **

Dunning R. McNair Dunning Robert McNair (April 2, 1797 – March 16, 1875) was the Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate from March 17, 1853, to July 6, 1861. Biography Dunning R. McNair was born in what would become Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, on April 2, 17 ...

, Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate (1853-1861) (d.

) **

David Robertson, 1st Baron Marjoribanks David Robertson, 1st Baron Marjoribanks (2 April 1797 – 19 June 1873), was a Scottish stockbroker and politician. Background Born David Marjoribanks, he was the fourth son of Sir John Marjoribanks, 1st Baronet, MP and Lord Provost of Edinbur ...

, Scottish stockbroker, politician (d. 1873) ** Franz Graf von Wimpffen, Austrian general, admiral (d.

) *

April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. *1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. *1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. * ...

** Judson Allen, American businessman, politician (d.

) **

Ebenezer Childs Ebenezer Childs (April 3, 1797 – December 15, 1864) was an American pioneer, builder and legislator. Childs was born in Barre, Massachusetts, on April 3, 1797, and was orphaned as a child. He left Massachusetts in 1816 for New York in order ...

, American pioneer (d.

) **

Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier (; 3 April 1797 in Tournai – 9 July 1878) was a Belgian who conducted a parallel career of botanist and Member of Parliament. Biography Barthélemy Dumortier was a son of the merchant and city councillor ...

, Belgian botanist, Member of Parliament (d. 1878) *

April 4 Events Pre-1600 *503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 &ndas ...

Asa Wentworth Jr. Asa Wentworth Jr. (April 4, 1797 – August 7, 1882) was a Vermont businessman and politician who served as President pro tempore of the Vermont State Senate, President of the Vermont State Senate. Biography Asa Wentworth Jr. was born in Alstea ...

, Vermont businessman and politician, President of the Vermont State Senate (d. 1882) ** Joseph Dresser Wickham, American minister (d.

1891 Events January–March * January 1 ** Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany. ** A strike of 500 Hungarian steel workers occurs; 3,000 men are out of work as a consequence. ** Germany takes formal possession of its new Af ...

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his ...

** Karl August Devrient, German stage actor best known for performances of Schiller and Shakespeare (d. 1872) **

Johann Fischbach Johann (Franz) Fischbach (5 April 1797, Grafenegg – 19 June 1871, Munich) was an Austrian painter. Life He was the son of one of Count Breunerschen's stewards. His art studies began at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, where he studied under ...

, Austrian painter (d.

) **

Henry Perrine Henry Perrine (5 April 1797 – 7 August 1840) was a physician, horticulturist, United States Consul in Campeche, Campeche, Mexico, and an enthusiast for introducing tropical plants into cultivation in the United States. Early life Henry ...

, physician, horticulturist, United States Consul in Campeche, Mexico (d.

1840 Events January–March * January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the ''Herald Sun'' of Melbourne, Australia, ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded. * January 10 – Uniform Penny Post is introduced in the United Kingdom. * Janu ...

) *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...

** Théodore Anne, French playwright (d.

) ** Louis Thomas Jérôme Auzoux, French anatomist, naturalist (d.

) **

Pierre Leroux Pierre Henri Leroux (7 April 1797 – 12 April 1871), was a French philosopher and political economist. He was born at Bercy, now a part of Paris, the son of an artisan. Life His education was interrupted by the death of his father, which ...

, French philosopher, political economist (d.

) **

Joseph Young __NOTOC__Joseph Young (April 7, 1797 – July 16, 1881) was an early convert to the Latter Day Saint movement and was a missionary and longtime general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was an elder br ...

, early American convert to the Latter Day Saint movement, missionary, longtime general authority of the LDS Church (d. 1881) *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

– Jehiel Brooks, American soldier, territorial governor, and plantation owner (d.

1886 Events January–March * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5– 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella ''Strange ...

) *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...

** Pierre Carmouche, French playwright, chansonnier (d. 1868) ** John Hill, United States Representative from North Carolina (d.

) *

April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...

–

Zina Pitcher Zina Pitcher (April 12, 1797, in Sandy Hill, New York – April 5, 1872, in Detroit) was an American physician, politician, educator, and academic administrator. He was a president of the American Medical Association, a two-time mayor of Detroi ...

, American physician (d. 1872) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

–

Stanislas Julien Stanislas Aignan Julien (13 April 179714 February 1873) was a French sinologist who served as the Chair of Chinese at the Collège de France for over 40 years and was one of the most academically respected sinologists in French scholarship. J ...

, French sinologist, Chair of Chinese at the Collège de France for over 40 years (d. 1873) *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...

Philip Dorsheimer Philip Dorsheimer (April 15, 1797 – April 11, 1868) was a German born American politician. Early life Dorsheimer was born on April 15, 1797 in Wöllstein, then in the Mont-Tonnerre Department, which is now in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. ...

, politician, New York State Treasurer (d. 1868) ** Michel Garicoïts, French Basque Roman Catholic priest, founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Bétharram (d.

) **

Adolphe Thiers Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers ( , ; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French statesman and historian. He was the second elected President of France and first President of the French Third Republic. Thiers was a key figure in the July Rev ...

, President of France and Prime Minister of France (d.

) *

** William Beresford, British Conservative politician (d.

) ** John Ogilvie, Scottish lexicographer, editor of the ''Imperial Dictionary of the English Language'' (d. 1867) *

** Thomas J. Drake, American lawyer, Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (d.

) ** Richard Ryan, British biographer of Irish descent (d. 1849) *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...

Carlo Emanuele Muzzarelli Carlo Emanuele dei conti Muzzarelli (19 April 1797 – 1856) was an Italian clergyman, a member of the Roman Catholic curia under Pope Pius IX, who had the reputation of a liberal as well as a man of letters. Biography He was born at Ferrara ...

, Italian clergyman (d.

1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voya ...

) ** Jeronis de Soysa, pioneering Ceylonese entrepreneur, philanthropist (d.

) *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...

–

George Stephen Benjamin Jarvis George Stephen Benjamin Jarvis (April 21, 1797 – April 15, 1878) was a judge and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick in 1797 and moved to York (Toronto) with his family in 1809. He joined the 49th Regimen ...

, Upper Canadian judge, political figure (d. 1878) *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 *215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. * 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in sout ...

Ranulph Dacre Ranulph Dacre (23 April 1797 – 27 June 1884) was a British master mariner and merchant active in Australia and New Zealand. Early life He was born to George and Julia Dacre at Marwell Hall, Hampshire, England on 23 April 1797. His father w ...

, New Zealand naval seaman (d. 1884) ** Giuseppe Ferlini, Italian combat medic turned explorer and treasure hunter (d.

) ** Penina Moise, United States poet (d.

) **

Ernst Ferdinand Oehme Ernst Ferdinand Oehme (23 April 1797, Dresden – 10 April 1855, Dresden) was a German Romanticism, Romantic painter and illustrator who specialized in moody landscapes with architectural elements. Life He originally attended the Friedrichstad ...

, German Romantic painter, illustrator (d. 1855) *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

** Henry Bliss, author, lawyer and provincial agent for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (d. 1873) ** Peter I. Borst, American politician, United States Representative from New York (d.

) * April 26 –

Albert Seerig Albert Wilhelm Hermann Seerig (26 April 1797 in Rudolstadt – 7 March 1862 in Königsberg) was a German surgeon and anatomist. He studied medicine at the universities of Jena, Berlin and Breslau, where he also served as an anatomical prose ...

, German surgeon, anatomist (d.

) *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

Jean Victoire Audouin Jean Victor Audouin (27 April 1797 – 9 November 1841), sometimes Victor Audouin, was a French naturalist, an entomologist, herpetologist, ornithologist, and malacologist. Biography Audouin was born in Paris and was educated in the field of me ...

, French naturalist, entomologist, herpetologist, ornithologist, and malacologist (d. 1841) ** Eliphaz Fay, fourth president of Colby College (then called the Waterville College) in Maine (d.

) ** William B. Slaughter, United States politician (d.

) ** Linus Yale Sr., American inventor, manufacturer of locks (d. 1858) * April 28 – John Richardson, Australian convict, accompanies several exploring expeditions as botanical collector (d. 1882) * April 29 –

Gideon Hard Gideon Hard (April 29, 1797 in Arlington, Bennington County, Vermont – April 27, 1885 in Albion, Orleans County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. Life He graduated from Union College in 1822. Then he stud ...

, American lawyer, politician (d.

) * May 1 ** Pierre Nicolas Gerdy, French physician, native of Loches-sur-Ource (d.

) **

Johann Jakob Stähelin Johann Jakob Stähelin (1 May 1797, in Basel – 27 August 1875, in Langenbruck) was a Swiss theologian, who specialized in Old Testament studies. From 1817 to 1821 he studied theology at the University of Tübingen. In 1823 he received his P ...

, Swiss theologian (d.

) *

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...

** Abraham Pineo Gesner, Canadian geologist and inventor (d.

) *

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...

** Heinrich Berghaus, German geographer (d. 1884) ** George Webster, English architect practising in Kendal (d.

) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

–

Joseph Brackett Joseph Brackett Jr. (May 6, 1797 – July 4, 1882) was an American songwriter, author, and elder of The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, better known as the Shakers. The most famous song attributed to Brackett, " Sim ...

, American religious leader, composer (d. 1882) *

May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...

Walter Colton Reverend Walter Colton (May 7, 1797 – January 22, 1851) was an American clergyman and writer from Vermont who served as the first American Alcalde (mayor) of Monterey, California. He worked as an editor for newspapers in Washington, D.C. and Ph ...

, Chaplain for the United States Navy (d.

) ** Charles Frederick, Royal Navy officer, Third Naval Lord (d.

) ** Elizabeth Grant, British diarist (d.

) **

José Antonio Saco José Antonio Saco (May 7, 1797 – September 26, 1879) was a statesman, deputy to the Spanish Cortes, writer, social critic, publicist, essayist, anthropologist, historian, and one of the most notable Cuban figures from the nineteenth century. ...

, Cuban statesman, deputy to the Spanish Cortes, writer, social critic, publicist, essayist, anthropologist, historian (d.

) *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 *453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs an ...

Giacomo Luigi Brignole Giacomo Luigi Brignole (8 May 1797 – 23 June 1853) was a Catholic Cardinal and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Early life Brignole was born on 8 May 1797 in Genoa, then the capital of the Republic of Genoa. He was educated ...

, Italian Catholic Cardinal, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (d.

) **

John Septimus Roe John Septimus Roe (8 May 1797 – 28 May 1878) was the first Surveyor-General of Western Australia. He was a renowned explorer, a member of Western Australia's legislative and executive councils for nearly 40 years, but also a participant in ...

, first Surveyor-General of Western Australia (d. 1878) *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. * 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally r ...

– Lansdown Guilding, St. Vincent-born English theologian, early naturalist (d. 1831) *

–

Daniel Lynn Carroll Daniel Lynn Carroll (May 10, 1797 – November 23, 1851) was the sixth President of Hampden–Sydney College from 1835 to 1838. Biography Carroll was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania in May, 1797 to poor Irish immigrant parents (his father wa ...

, sixth President of Hampden–Sydney College (1835-1838) (d.

) *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 * 1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. * 1813 – William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth discover a route acr ...

Clement Finley Clement Alexander Finley (May 11, 1797 – September 8, 1879), was the 10th Surgeon General of the United States Army, May 15, 1861 – April 14, 1862. Early life Clement Finley was born at Newville, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. His father ...

, 10th Surgeon General of the United States Army (d.

) **

Ernst Meyer Ernst Meyer may refer to: * Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer (1791–1858), German botanist * Ernst Meyer (painter) (1797-1861), Danish painter * Ernst Meyer (Swedish politician) (1847–1925), Swedish politician * Ernst Meyer (German politician) ( ...

, German-born Danish genre painter of Jewish ancestry (d.

) ** José Mariano Salas, Mexican general and politician, twice interim president of Mexico (1846 and 1859) (d. 1867) * May 12 –

Johann Hermann Kufferath Johann Hermann Kufferath (12 May 1797 – 28 July 1864) was a German composer. Life Born in Mülheim an der Ruhr, he was the eldest son of watchmaker Carl Kufferath and his wife Catharina née Horst, born in Mülheim an der Ruhr. He and six of h ...

, German composer (d.

) * May 13 –

Ulrik Frederik Cappelen Ulrik Frederik Cappelen (13 May 1797 – 24 November 1864) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. Personal life Ulrik Frederik Cappelen was born in 1795 as the second child of ship-owner Ulrich Fredrich von Cappelen (1770–1820) and hi ...

, Norwegian jurist and politician (d.

) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and f ...

–

Carl Georg Christian Schumacher Carl Georg Christian Schumacher (14 May 1797, Bad Doberan – 22 June 1869, Schwerin Schwerin (; Mecklenburgian Low German: ''Swerin''; Latin: ''Suerina'', ''Suerinum'') is the capital and second-largest city of the northeastern German s ...

, German painter (d.

) * May 15 **

George Dromgoole George Coke Dromgoole (May 15, 1797 – April 27, 1847) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia. He was the uncle of Alexander Dromgoole Sims and the son of Irish-born pioneer Methodist circuit rider Edward Dromgoole. ...

, Virginia politician, lawyer (d. 1847) ** Lydia Irving, British philanthropist, prison visitor (d. 1893) **

Auguste Bottée de Toulmon Jean-Joseph-Auguste Bottée de Toulmon (6 February 1764 in Laon – 18 October 1815 in Tourny) was a French general manager of powders and saltpeter. Biography A general manager of powders and saltpeter during the National Convention, a profess ...

, 19th-century French composer, musicologist (d.

) *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1 ...

Pascual Echagüe Pascual Echagüe, (16 May 1797 – 2 June 1867) was an Argentine soldier and politician. He served as Governor of Entre Ríos and Santa Fe provinces and Minister of War and Navy during the governments of Urquiza and Derqui. He participat ...

, Argentine soldier, politician (d. 1867) ** Pierre-Chéri Lafont, French actor (d. 1873) * May 18 ** Stoddard Judd, American physician, politician (d. 1873) ** Frederick Augustus II of Saxony (d.

) * May 19 ** Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery, French physician and anatomist, native of Orléans (d. 1849) ** Richard Pakenham, British diplomat, Ambassador to the United States (d. 1868) **

Maria Isabel of Portugal Maria Isabel of Braganza (Maria Isabel Francisca de Assis Antónia Carlota Joana Josefa Xavier de Paula Micaela Rafaela Isabel Gonzaga; 19 May 1797 – 26 December 1818) was an Infanta of Portugal who became Queen of Spain as the second wife of ...

, Queen of Spain (d.

1818 Events January–March * January 1 ** Battle of Koregaon: Troops of the British East India Company score a decisive victory over the Maratha Empire. ** Mary Shelley's ''Frankenstein'' is published anonymously in London. * January 2 – ...

) *

May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...

– Alexis-François Rio, French writer on art (d.

) * May 21 **

Claus Winter Hjelm Claus Winter Hjelm, also known as Winter-Hjelm (21 May 1797 – 22 October 1871) was a Norwegian legal scholar and judge. Personal life He was born in Strand as the son of Claus Winter Hjelm, Sr. and Serine Gundersdatter. In September 1828 he m ...

, Norwegian legal scholar, judge (d.

) ** Nathan Ryno Smith, American surgeon, medical school professor (d.

) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus ...

** James Turner Morehead, United States Senator and the 12th Governor of Kentucky (d.

) **

Archibald Randall Archibald Randall (May 24, 1797 – June 8, 1846) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Education and career Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Randall read law to ente ...

, United States federal judge (d. 1846) **

Lars Rasch Lars Rasch (24 May 1797 – 12 January 1864) was a Norwegian jurist. He served as Mayor of Oslo and was a developer of the neighborhood of Homansbyen Biography Rasch was born at Eiker in Buskerud, Norway. He was the son of Jonas Larsen Ras ...

, Norwegian jurist, politician (d.

) **

Henry Thynne, 3rd Marquess of Bath Henry Frederick Thynne, 3rd Marquess of Bath (24 May 1797 – 24 June 1837), styled Lord Henry Thynne until January 1837 and Viscount Weymouth between January and March 1837, was a British naval commander and politician. Background Thynne was th ...

, England (d. 1837) *

May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empir ...

–

Ralph Randolph Gurley Ralph Randolph Gurley (May 26, 1797 – July 30, 1872) was an American clergyman, an advocate of the separation of the races, and a major force for 50 years in the American Colonization Society. It offered passage to free black Americans to the ...

, American clergyman (d. 1872) *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

–

Sir Thomas Bazley, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Bazley, 1st Baronet DL (27 May 1797 – 18 March 1885) was a British industrialist and Liberal politician. Life He was born at Gilnow, near Bolton, Lancashire. His father, also Thomas, was a cotton manufacturer, mathematician ...

of England (d.

) *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

** Edwin Croswell, American journalist, politician (d.

) **

Nicolas Roret Nicolas-Edme Roret (29 May 1797 Vendeuvre-sur-Barse Département – 18 June 1860, Paris) was a French editor and publisher known for an important series of manuals (''Manuels'') and encyclopaedia An encyclopedia (American English) or enc ...

, French editor, publisher known for an important series of manuals (''Manuels'') and encyclopedias (d.

) *

–

Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann (30 May 1797 – 26 November 1873), also known as Karl Friedrich Naumann, was a German mineralogist and geologist. The crater Naumann on the Moon is named after him. Life Naumann was born at Dresden, the ...

, German mineralogist (d. 1873) *

June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed ki ...

–

Abby Hadassah Smith Abby Hadassah Smith (June 1, 1797 – July 23, 1879) was an early American suffragist who campaigned for property and voting rights from Glastonbury, Connecticut. She was a subject of the book ''Abby Smith and Her Cows'' in which her sister J ...

, early American suffragist, campaigner for property and voting rights from Glastonbury (d.

) *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601� ...

– Joseph Blake, 3rd Baron Wallscourt, Irish nobleman and pioneering socialist (d. 1849) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed ...

–

Rehuel Lobatto Rehuel Lobatto (6 June 1797 – 9 February 1866 ) was a Dutch mathematician. The Gauss-Lobatto quadrature method is named after him, as are his variants on the Runge–Kutta methods for solving ODEs, and the Lobatto polynomials. He was ...

, Dutch mathematician (d.

) * June 7 **

Manuel Alves Branco, 2nd Viscount of Caravelas Manuel Alves Branco (), the 2nd Viscount of Caravelas (7 June 1797 – 13 July 1855) was a Brazilian politician, economist, lawyer and magistrate during the period of the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889). He was general deputy, justice mini ...

, Brazilian politician (d. 1855) ** Richard Samuel Guinness, Irish lawyer and a Member of Parliament (d.

) *

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...

– Henry William-Powlett, 3rd Baron Bayning, English peer and clergyman (d.

) *

June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...

** Francis Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham, English soldier, courtier and politician (d.

) ** Henry Lascelles, 3rd Earl of Harewood, English peer and Member of Parliament (d.

) **

José Trinidad Reyes Father José Trinidad Reyes y Sevilla (June 11, 1797 – September 20, 1855) was a Honduran priest who founded the National Autonomous University of Honduras, formerly called "" ('The Society of the Enterprising Genius and Good Taste'). He ...

, Honduran Father, national hero, and founder of Autonomous National University of Honduras (d. 1855) *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. *1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...

– Thomas Ainslie Young, official and political figure in Lower Canada (d.

) * June 15 ** Honoratus Bonnevie, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** Sámuel Brassai, centenarian, linguist, teacher, "The Last Transylvanian Polymath" (d. 1897) * June 16 ** Sophie Frémiet, French painter (d. 1867) **

Alexander Kazarsky Aleksander Ivanovich Kazarsky ( be, Алякса́ндр Іва́навіч Каза́рскі, russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Каза́рский), (June 16, 1797 – June 16, 1833) was a Russian Navy officer, the hero of the R ...

, Russian Navy officer, hero of the Russo-Turkish War (d.

) *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. *1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

–

Alexandre Vinet Alexandre Rodolphe Vinet (17 June 17974 May 1847) was a Swiss literary critic and theologian. Literary critic He was born near Lausanne, Switzerland. Educated for the Protestant ministry, he was ordained in 1819, when already teacher of the Frenc ...

, Swiss critic and theologian (d. 1847) * June 19 – Hamilton Hume, early explorer of the present-day Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria (d. 1873) *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. *1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...

–

Karolina Gerhardinger Karolina Gerhardinger (20 June 1797 – 9 May 1879) (also known as Mother Maria Theresia of Jesus) was a German Roman Catholic religious sister who founded the School Sisters of Notre Dame. Gerhardinger served as an educator in Bavaria until the ...

, German Roman Catholic professed religious, established the School Sisters of Notre Dame (d.

) *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to Vandalic War, attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). *1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khaga ...

–

Christoffel Brand Sir Christoffel Joseph Brand (21 June 1797 Cape Town – 19 May 1875 Cape Town) was a Cape jurist, politician, statesman and first Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Cape Colony. Early life and education Christoffel Brand was born ...

, South African jurist (d.

) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. *1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Republic of Venice, Venetians defeat a larger Republic of Genoa, Genoese fleet, capturing all its s ...

– Théophile Bra, French Romantic sculptor and exact contemporary of Eugène Delacroix (d.

) *

June 24 Events Pre-1600 *1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. * 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...

Francisco Freire Allemão e Cysneiro Francisco Freire Allemão e Cysneiro (24 June 1797 – 11 November 1874) was a Brazilian botanist who collected in northeast Brazil and along the Rio de Janeiro. His association with the Brazilian National Museum in Rio de Janeiro took place at a ...

, Brazilian botanist who collected in northeast Brazil and along the Rio de Janeiro (d.

) **

Johan Coenraad van Hasselt Johan Conrad van Hasselt (occasionally Johan Coenraad van Hasselt; 24 June 1797 in Doesburg – 8 September 1823), was a Dutch physician, zoologist, botanist and mycologist. Conrad van Hasselt studied medicine at the University of Groningen. In ...

, Dutch physician, zoologist (d. 1823) ** John Hughes, Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States (d.

) * June 26 –

Imam Shamil Imam Shamil ( av, Шейх Шамил, Şeyx Şamil; ar, الشيخ شامل; russian: Имам Шамиль; 26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the political, military, and spiritual leader of North Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in ...

, Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus (d.

) *

– Frederic Baraga, Slovenian Catholic missionary to the United States, grammarian of Native American languages (d. 1868)

July–September

July 2 Events Pre-1600 * 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome. * 626 – Li Shimin, t ...

** Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág, Hungarian noblewoman, ancestor of several European monarchs (d.

) **

Pierre Joseph Michel Lorquin Pierre Joseph Michel Lorquin (2 July 1797, Valenciennes – 8 February 1873, Paris) was a French entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. In 1847/48 he collected for Charles Oberthur and Jean Baptiste Boisduval in Andalusia a ...

, French entomologist specializing in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera (d. 1873) *

July 4 Events Pre-1600 *362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaimed ...

Jacquette Löwenhielm Gustava Charlotta ''Jacquette'' Aurora Gyldenstolpe (4 July 1797 – 7 January 1839, Constantinople) was a Swedish noble and lady-in-waiting. She is known as the mistress of Oscar I of Sweden in circa 1819-1827. Biography Jaquette was the d ...

, Swedish noble and lady-in-waiting (d.

) **

James W. Parker James W. Parker (July 4, 1797 – 1864) was the uncle of Cynthia Ann Parker and the great uncle of Quanah Parker, last chief of the Comanches. A man of English American descent, he was a member of the large Parker frontier family that settled in ...

, American pioneer, uncle of Cynthia Ann Parker and the great uncle of Comanche Quanah Parker (d.

) *

July 6 Events Pre-1600 * 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility. * 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...

– Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey, England (d.

) *

July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...

– George Meads, English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket (1825-1836) (d. 1881) *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...

– Francis Close, Anglican rector of Cheltenham (1826–1856) and Dean of Carlisle (1856–1881) (d. 1882) *

July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine I ...

John Gaylord John C. Gaylord (July 12, 1797 – July 17, 1874)Middle initial and 1874 death date are from . See also the onlinBiography of John C. Gaylord at The Joseph Smith Papers website was an early Mormon leader and member of the Presidency of the Seventy ...

, early American Mormon leader (d.

) **

Adele Schopenhauer Luise Adelaide Lavinia Schopenhauer, known as Adele Schopenhauer (12 July 1797 – 25 August 1849), was a German author. She was the sister of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer and daughter of author Johanna Schopenhauer. Henriette Sommer and ...

, German author (d. 1849) *

July 14 Events Pre-1600 * 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. *1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II. *1420 ...

– James Scott Bowerbank, British naturalist, palaeontologist (d.

) * July 15 ** Kloka Anna, Swedish cunning woman, medium (d.

) **

Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar I Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (July 15, 1797 – July 4, 1834) was an attorney and jurist in his native Georgia. His son Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II followed him into law and was appointed from Mississippi as a U.S. Supreme Court Just ...

, attorney, jurist in his native Georgia (d. 1834) **

Pier Alessandro Paravia Pier Alessandro Paravia was born in Zara, Dalmatia on July 15, 1797 and was a Dalmatian Italian writer, scholar, philanthropist and professor of Italian eloquence at the University of Turin. Biography Early years Son of Giovanni, colonel of the ' ...

, Venetian writer, scholar, philanthropist, professor of Italian eloquence (d.

) * July 16 – Daniel D. Barnard, American politician, Representative from New York (d.

) * July 17 ** Paul Delaroche, French painter (d.

) ** William Matthew Harries, influential member of both houses of the Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope (d.

) **

John Hodgetts-Foley John Hodgetts Hodgetts-Foley (17 July 1797 – 13 November 1861), born John Hodgetts Foley, of Prestwood House (then in Kingswinford, and now in Kinver) in Staffordshire was a British MP. He was the second son of the Hon. Edward Foley of Stoke E ...

, British Member of Parliament (d.

) *

July 18 Events Pre-1600 *477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army. *387 BC – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, lead ...

– Robert Christison, Scottish toxicologist, physician (d. 1882) * July 20 ** Gotthard Fritzsche, Prussian-Australian pastor (d.

) ** Eli Kirk Price, Philadelphia lawyer (d. 1884) ** Sir Paweł Strzelecki, Polish explorer, geologist (d. 1873) * July 21 –

John M. Read John Meredith Read Sr. (July 21, 1797 – November 29, 1874) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was one of the founders of the Republican Party and chief justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. ...

, American lawyer (d.

) * July 24 – Maria Foote, English actress, peeress (d. 1867) *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge ...

** Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1889) **

Nicholas Marcellus Hentz Nicholas Marcellus Hentz (July 25, 1797 – November 4, 1856) was a French American educator and arachnologist. Biography Hentz was born in Versailles, France. He was the youngest child of Charles Nicholas Arnould Hentz and Marie-Anne Therese ...

, French American educator, arachnologist (d.

) **

Nehemiah Platt Nehemiah Platt (July 25, 1797 – March 29, 1851) was an American politician from New York. Life He married Diantha Wilson (1804–1866), and they had several children. He was Supervisor of the Town of Nichols from 1825 to 1827. He was a member ...

, American politician from New York (d.

) *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seriou ...

William Bulkeley Hughes William Bulkeley Hughes J.P. (26 July 17978 March 1882) was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1837 to 1859 and 1865 to 1882. He was elected for Member of Parliament for Carnarvon Boroughs constituency. Hughes was the e ...

, Welsh politician (d. 1882) **

William Gore Ouseley Sir William Gore Ouseley (26 July 1797 – 6 March 1866) was a British diplomat who served in various roles in Washington, D.C., Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires. His main achievement were negotiations concerning ownership of Britain's interests ...

, British diplomat serving in various roles in Washington (d.

) **

William Ranwell William Ranwell (26 July 1797 - 5 October 1861) was an English landscape artist during the early 19th century. Ranwell exhibited as a Royal Academician and with Suffolk Street Galleries. He married Frances Rutherford on 19 October 1828 in St M ...

, English marine painter (d.

) * July 29 **

François Bourdon François Prudent Bourdon (29 July 1797 – 19 April 1865) was a French engineer and inventor, mainly interested in development of steam-powered boats for inland navigation. He is known for designing one of the first steam hammers. Early years Fr ...

, French engineer, inventor (d.

) **

Daniel Drew Daniel Drew (July 29, 1797 – September 18, 1879) was an American businessman, steamship and railroad developer, and financier. Summarizing his life, Henry Clews wrote: "Of all the great operators of Wall Street ... Daniel Drew furnishes t ...

, American businessman (d.

) ** Beverly R. Wellford, American physician (d.

) *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. * 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. * 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Is ...

– Harriet Windsor-Clive, 13th Baroness Windsor of England (d.

) *

July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (T ...

– Alonzo C. Paige, American lawyer, politician from New York (d. 1868) * August 1 **

Joseph Gensoul Joseph Gensoul (1 August 1797 – 11 May 1858) was a French surgeon. He was a pioneer of ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological, oral and maxillofacial surgery. He studied at Lyon and Paris, earning his doctorate in 1824. In 1826 he was ap ...

, French surgeon (d. 1858) ** William Thomas Knollys, British Army General (d.

) *

August 2 Events Pre-1600 * 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. * 216 BC – The Carthaginian ...

** John Brown, English geographer (d.

) **

William Gibson-Craig Sir William Gibson Craig, 2nd Baronet, PC, FRSE (2 August 1797 – 12 March 1878), was a Scottish advocate and politician. Life He was born the first son of Sir James Gibson-Craig, 1st Baronet, and his wife, Anne Thomson. He was educated at ...

, Scottish advocate, politician (d. 1878) ** Amédée Thierry, French journalist, historian (d. 1873) * August 4 ** William S. Hamilton, American politician, miner (d.

) **

Benjamin F. H. Witherell Benjamin Franklin Hawkins Witherell (August 4, 1797 – June 26, 1867) was a jurist in the U.S. state of Michigan. He served as a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court in 1857. Biography Witherell was born in Fair Haven, Vermont, the second son a ...

, Michigan jurist (d. 1867) *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

** Cayetano Heredia, Peruvian physician (d.

) ** Friedrich August Kummer, German violoncellist, pedagogue and composer (d.

) *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. *1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesad ...

– August Wilhelm Stiehler, German government official, paleobotanist (d. 1878) * August 7 **

James Kānehoa James Young Kānehoa (August 7, 1797 – October 1, 1851) was a member of the court of King Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III during the Kingdom of Hawaii. Sometimes he is confused with his half-brother John Kalaipaihala Young II known as Keoni ...

, member of the court of King Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III during the Kingdom of Hawaii (d.

) ** Justin von Linde, German jurist, statesman from the Grand Duchy of Hesse (d.

) * August 8 ** George Peck, American Methodist clergyman (d.

) ** Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury, French painter (d.

1890 Events January–March * January 1 ** The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony, in the Horn of Africa. ** In Michigan, the wooden steamer ''Mackinaw'' burns in a fire on the Black River. * January 2 ** The steamship '' ...

) **

George Rykert George Rykert (August 8, 1797 – November 1, 1857) was a businessman, surveyor and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Rhinebeck, New York, in 1797 and came to the Niagara District with his family around 1810. He served with t ...

, Upper Canada businessman, surveyor and political figure (d.

) ** William Walker, Quebec lawyer, political figure (d.

) * August 9 **

Charles Allen Charles Allen may refer to: Politicians *Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician) (1797–1869), American politician and congressman in Massachusetts * Charles Allen (Australian politician) (1833–1913), Australian politician and member of the ...

, United States Representative from Massachusetts (d.

) ** Charles Robert Malden, British naval officer (d. 1855) ** Christian Wilhelm Niedner, German church historian, theologian (d.

) ** Archibald Yell, American politician, Representative from Arkansas (d. 1847) *

August 10 Events Pre-1600 * 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I. * 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Gro� ...

** Guillaume Louis Cottrau, French composer, music publisher (d. 1847) **

Carl Gustaf Mannerheim Carl Gustaf Mannerheim may refer to: * Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (naturalist) (1797–1854), Finnish entomologist and governor * Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (, ; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish ...

, Finnish entomologist, governor of the Viipuri province in the Grand Duchy of Finland (d.

) **

John M. Patton John Mercer Patton (August 10, 1797October 29, 1858) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia. Patton served in the United States House of Representatives representing two different Virginia Districts and was the acting gove ...

, Virginia politician, lawyer (d. 1858) **

Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (10 August 1797 – 18 February 1848) was a German botanist, Professor of Botany at the University of Munich. He worked extensively with Philipp Franz von Siebold, assisting in describing his collections from Japan, but al ...

, German botanist (d.

) *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and foun ...

–

George Shillibeer George Shillibeer (11 August 1797 – 21 August 1866) was an English coachbuilder. Biography Shillibeer was born in St Marylebone, London the son of Abraham and Elizabeth Shillibeer. Christened in St Marys Church, Marylebone on 22 October ...

, English coachbuilder (d.

) *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 *1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – B ...

–

Manuel Aguilar Chacón Manuel Aguilar Chacón (12 August 1797, San José, Costa Rica – 7 July 1846) was head of state of Costa Rica from April 1837 to March 1838. Early life He was born in San José, Costa Rica, on August 12, 1797. Was the son of Miguel Antonio ...

, Costa Rican head of state (d. 1846) *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 &ndas ...

– Horatio Chriesman, American surveyor, politician in Mexican Texas and participant in the Texas Revolution (d. 1878) *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 *74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. The articles, enumerating th ...

– Robert Radcliffe, English first-class cricketer associated with Cambridge University (d. 1832) * August 15 – James Black, Scottish-born Canadian clergyman (d.

) *

August 17 Events Pre-1600 *309/310 – Pope Eusebius is banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, possibly from a hunger strike. * 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate. * 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle ...

– Peter Broun, first Colonial Secretary of Western Australia (d. 1846) * August 18 – Antoine Claudet, French photographer, artist who produced daguerreotypes (d. 1867) * August 20 ** Johan Frederik Møller, Danish painter, photographer (d. 1882) ** John Sinclair, Archdeacon of Middlesex (d.

) **

Francesco Zantedeschi Francesco Zantedeschi (August 20, 1797 – March 29, 1873) was an Italian Catholic priest and physicist. Biography A native of Dolcè, near Verona, Zantedeschi was for some time professor of physics and philosophy in the Liceo of Venice. Lat ...

, Italian priest, physicist (d. 1873) *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

Chauncey J. Fox Chauncey Johnston Fox (August 21, 1797 in Tolland County, Connecticut – February 11, 1883) was an American politician from New York. Life He was the son of Thomas Fox (1770–1811) and Chloe (Bradley) Fox (1777–1852). In August 1818, Ch ...

, American politician from New York (d.

) ** John Montagu, Indian-born Tasmanian colonial secretary (d.

) ** John Iltyd Nicholl, Welsh Member of Parliament (d.

) * August 22 ** Augustin-Magloire Blanchet, French Canadian Catholic prelate in the Pacific Northwest (d. 1887) ** Thomas Dale, British priest in the Church of England, Dean of Rochester (d.

) * August 23 –

Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant (23 August 1797 – 6 January 1886) was a mechanician and mathematician who contributed to early stress analysis and also developed the unsteady open channel flow shallow water equations, also known as ...

, French mechanic, mathematician (d.

) *

August 24 Events Pre-1600 * 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father. * 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is writte ...

** John Cobbold, British brewer, railway developer and Conservative Party politician (d. 1882) **

Laufilitonga Fatafehi Laufilitonga (24 August 1797 – 9 December 1865) was the 39th and last Tui Tonga, a dynasty of kings in Tonga during the Tui Tonga Empire. Biography Only little is known about Laufilitonga's life. Laufilitonga was the oldest son ...

, 39th and last Tuokinai of Tonga (d.

) *

August 25 Events Pre-1600 * 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...

** John P. Bigelow, American politician (d. 1872) ** Henrik Hertz, Danish poet (d.

) * August 26 ** Innocent of Alaska, Russian Orthodox missionary priest (d.

) ** Sheldon Peck, American folk artist (d.

) * August 27 ** John Bathurst Deane, South African-born English clergyman, schoolmaster, antiquary and author (d. 1887) ** Edwin James, American botanist (d.

) *

August 28 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna. * 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way ...

** Ferenc Duschek, Hungarian politician (d. 1872) **

Karl Otfried Müller Karl Otfried Müller ( la, Carolus Mullerus; 28 August 1797 – 1 August 1840) was a German scholar and Philodorian, or admirer of ancient Sparta, who introduced the modern study of Greek mythology. Biography He was born at Brieg (modern Brz ...

, German scholar, Philodorian (d.

) *

August 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple. * 1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers. *1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...

–

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (; ; 30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) was an English novelist who wrote the Gothic novel ''Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus'' (1818), which is considered an early example of science fiction. She also e ...

, English novelist, dramatist, essayist, biographer and travel writer (d.

) *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...

Philipp von Brunnow Ernst Philipp Graf von Brunnow (31 August 1797, Dresden – 12 April 1875, Darmstadt) was a Baltic German diplomat who served in the Russian Empire. Diplomatic roles Brunnow represented Russia in several conferences, and held ambassadorial p ...

, Russian diplomat (d.

) **

Ramón Castilla Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (; 31 August 1797 – 30 May 1867) was a Peruvian ''caudillo'' who served as President of Peru three times as well as the Interim President of Peru (Revolution Self-proclaimed President) in 1863. His earliest pr ...

, Peruvian ''caudillo'' who served as President of Peru three times (d. 1867) **

James Ferguson James Ferguson may refer to: Entertainment * Jim Ferguson (born 1948), American jazz and classical guitarist * Jim Ferguson, American guitarist, past member of Lotion * Jim Ferguson, American movie critic, Board of Directors member for the Broadc ...

, Scottish-born American astronomer and engineer (d. 1867) * September 1 – William FitzGerald-de Ros, 23rd Baron de Ros of England (d.

) *

September 3 Events Pre-1600 *36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate. * 301 – San Marino, one of t ...

–

Benjamin Nottingham Webster Benjamin Nottingham Webster (3 September 17973 July 1882) was an English actor-manager and dramatist. Early life Webster was born in Bath, the son of a dancing master. Career First appearing as Harlequin, and then in small parts at D ...

, English actor-manager and dramatist (d. 1882) *

** Alvan Cullom, American politician, Representative from Tennessee (d.

) ** Raynold Kaufgetz, Swiss soldier (d.

) * September 5 ** Francis H. Cone, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia (U (d. 1859) ** John Blennerhassett Martin, American painter (d.

) ** William Ruggles, professor at George Washington University (d.

) *

September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...

** William Smith, lawyer, congressman, Governor of Virginia, Major General during the American Civil War (d. 1887) ** Jenny Vertpré, French stage actress (d.

) * September 7 **

Louis Vulliemin Louis Vulliemin (7 September 1797, in Yverdon-les-Bains – 10 August 1879, in Lausanne) was a Swiss theologian and historian. He was educated at Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's institute in Yverdon, then studied theology at the Academy of L ...

, Swiss theologian, historian (d. 1897) ** Per Erik Wallqvist, Swedish ballet dancer, ballet master (d. 1855) * September 10 **

Benjamin Nicolas Marie Appert Benjamin Nicolas Marie Appert (10 September 17971847) was a French philanthropist. Life Appert was born in Paris. As a young man he introduced a system of mutual instruction into the regimental schools of the ''département'' of the Nord. Its s ...

, French philanthropist (d. 1847) ** Franz Krüger, German (Prussian) painter, lithographer (d.

) **

Daniel Parkhurst Leadbetter Daniel Parkhurst Leadbetter (September 10, 1797 – February 26, 1870) was a two-term U.S. Representative from Ohio in Ohio during the 1840s. He retired from office before the end of the decade, although he had support to run again. Later, ...

, United States Representative from Ohio (d.

) ** Carl Gustaf Mosander, Swedish chemist (d. 1858) ** Piotr Wysocki, Polish lieutenant, leader of the Polish conspiracy against Russian Tsar Nicolas I (d.

) *

September 11 Events Pre-1600 * 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...

–

George Strange Boulton George Strange Boulton (September 11, 1797 – February 13, 1869) was a lawyer and political figure in Upper Canada. Life and career He was born near Albany, New York, in 1797, the son of D’Arcy Boulton, and came to Upper Canada with his fami ...

, Upper Canada lawyer, political figure (d.

) * September 12 ** Jacob Barit, Russian Talmudist, communal worker (d.

) **

George Barrell Emerson George Barrell Emerson (September 12, 1797 – March 14, 1881) was an American educator and pioneer of women's education. Biography He was born in Kennebunk, Maine. He graduated from Harvard College in 1817, and soon after took charge of an ac ...

, American educator, pioneer of women's education (d. 1881) **

Samuel Joseph May Samuel Joseph May (September 12, 1797 – July 1, 1871) was an American reformer during the nineteenth century who championed education, women's rights, and abolition of slavery. May argued on behalf of all working people that the rights of h ...

, American reformer (d.

) ** Samuel McLean, United States Consul for Trinidad (d. 1881) *

September 13 Events Pre-1600 * 585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia. * 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hi ...

–

Joseph Stannard Joseph Stannard (13 September 1797 7 December 1830) was an English marine, landscape and portrait painter. He was a talented and prominent member of the Norwich School of painters. After attending the Norwich Grammar School, his parents pai ...

, English marine and landscape painter (d.

1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) b ...

) * September 14 –

Joseph-Désiré Court Joseph-Désiré Court (14 September 1797, Rouen – 23 January 1865, Paris) was a French painter of historical subjects and portraits. Life and work He was a descendant of the portrait painter, Hyacinthe Rigaud, and displayed an early interest ...

, French painter of historical subjects and portraits (d.

) * September 15 –

Andrew Trumbo Andrew Alkire Trumbo (September 15, 1797 – August 21, 1871) was a United States representative from Kentucky. He was born in Bath County, Kentucky and attended the common schools. He was employed in the county clerk's office. After studying la ...

, United States Representative from Kentucky (d.

) * September 16 **

Levi Silliman Ives Levi Silliman Ives (September 16, 1797 – October 13, 1867) was an American theologian and Episcopal bishop of North Carolina. In 1852, he converted to Roman Catholicism. Ives subsequently became a noted professor at colleges in the New York ...

, American theologian, bishop (d. 1867) ** Samuel Milford, English-born Australian barrister, judge (d.

) **

Anthony Panizzi Sir Antonio Genesio Maria Panizzi (16 September 1797 – 8 April 1879), better known as Anthony Panizzi, was a naturalised British citizen of Italian birth, and an Italian patriot. He was a librarian, becoming the Principal Librarian (i.e. head ...

, Italian-born British librarian, head of the British Museum (d.

) **

Johann Friedrich Ludwig Wöhlert Johann Friedrich Ludwig Wöhlert (16 September 1797 – 31 March 1877) was a German businessman. Johann Wöhlert was born on 16 September 1797 in Kiel in north Germany. Trained as a joiner, in 1818 Wöhlert went to Berlin. Here he worked until ...

, German businessman (d.

) *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Emp ...

Eugène Defacqz Henri-Eugene-Marie Defacqz (17 September 1797 – 1 December 1871) was a Belgian liberal politician and a magistrate. Education He started his education at the college of Ath and completed high school in Dijon, under the direction of the famo ...

, Belgian liberal politician, magistrate (d.

) **

Heinrich Kuhl Heinrich Kuhl (17 September 1797 – 14 September 1821) was a German naturalist and zoologist. Kuhl was born in Hanau (Hesse, Germany). Between 1817 and 1820, he was the assistant of professor Th. van Swinderen, docent natural history at the ...

, German naturalist, zoologist (d. 1821) * September 18 – Camille-Melchior Gibert, French dermatologist (d.

) * September 19 – January Suchodolski, Polish painter, Army officer (d.

) * September 21 ** George Hamilton Seymour, British diplomat (d.

) ** John Talbot (Reformer), John Talbot, Irish-born Canadian schoolmaster (d.

) * September 23 ** Johannes Henrik Berg, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** Charles Brown (congressman), Charles Brown, Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania (d.

) ** Thomas H. Rochester, 6th son of Colonel Nathaniel Rochester, 6th mayor of Rochester (d.

) * September 24 – Carl Peter Wilhelm Gramberg, German theologian, biblical scholar (d.

) * September 25 – John J. Allen (judge), John J. Allen, Virginia lawyer (d.

) * September 26 – Olry Terquem (paleontologist), Olry Terquem, French pharmacist, paleontologist (d. 1887) * September 27 ** Édouard Frère, French bookseller (d.

) ** Jacob von der Lippe, Norwegian politician, Bishop of the Diocese of Christianssand (d. 1878) * September 28 ** Sophie von Knorring, Swedish novelist, noble (d.

) ** Caroline LeRoy, second wife of American author Daniel Webster (d. 1882) ** Aimée Caroillon des Tillières, wealthy French heiress, saloniste during the July Monarchy (d.

) * September 29 ** Percy Nugent, Irish politician (d.

) ** Joseph Thompson (doctor), Joseph Thompson, early settler of Atlanta, Georgia (d.

)

October–December

Thurlow Weed - Project Gutenberg eText 13160

PORTRAIT OF CHARLES HODGE, Rembrandt Peale

* October 1 – Lewis Ruffner, salt manufacturer from Malden, West Virginia (d.

) * October 2 – Jonathan Pitney, American physician, promoter of Absecon Island as healing seashore resort (d. 1889) * October 3 ** Knud Ibsen, father of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen (d.

) ** Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d.

) ** Hopkins L. Turney, Democratic United States Representative from Tennessee (d.

) * October 4 ** Jeremias Gotthelf, Swiss novelist (d.

) ** Charles-Séraphin Rodier (mayor), Charles-Séraphin Rodier, Canadian merchant (d.

) * October 5 – John Gardner Wilkinson, English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist (d.

) * October 6 ** Albrecht Elof Ihre, Swedish diplomat, Swedish-Norwegian prime minister of foreign affairs (d.

) ** Charles Panet, lawyer and political figure in Quebec (d.

) ** Joseph Othmar Rauscher, Austrian Prince-Archbishop of Vienna and cardinal (d.

) * October 7 – Peter Georg Bang, Danish politician, jurist (d.

) * October 8 ** William H. DeLancey, American Episcopal bishop (d.

) ** Ludwig Förster, German-born Austrian architect (d.

) ** Charles Knapp (congressman), Charles Knapp, United States Representative from New York (d.

) ** William Thomasson, United States Representative from Kentucky (d. 1882) * October 9 ** Thomas Boutillier, Quebec doctor, political figure (d.

) ** Henry Collen, English miniature portrait painter to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and the Duchess of Kent (d.

) ** Philippe Suchard, Swiss chocolatier, industrialist (d. 1884) * October 10 ** August Heinrich Hermann von Dönhoff, Prussian diplomat (d.

) ** Thomas Drummond, British army officer, civil engineer, senior public official (d.

) * October 12 – Gaspard Thémistocle Lestiboudois, French naturalist (d.

) * October 13 ** George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797), George Anson, British military officer, Whig politician (d.

) ** Thomas Haynes Bayly, English poet (d.

) ** Dong Haichuan, Chinese martial artist, credited to be the founder of Baguazhang (d. 1882) ** John H. McHenry, United States House of Representatives (d.

) ** William Motherwell, Scottish poet, antiquary and journalist (d. 1835) * October 14 ** Jean Crespon, French zoologist and naturalist (d.

) ** Ida Laura Pfeiffer, Austrian traveler and travel book author (d. 1858) * October 15 ** Johann Gottlieb Fleischer, German botanist and ornithologist (d. 1838) ** Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Heyse, German philologist (d. 1855) ** William Siborne, British officer and military historian whose most notable work was a history of the Waterloo Campaign (d. 1849) * October 16 – James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan (d. 1868) * October 17 ** Mario Aspa, Italian composer (d. 1868) ** Juan Lavalle, Argentine military and political figure (d. 1841) * October 18 ** Gallus Jacob Baumgartner, Swiss statesman and prominent federalist (d.

) ** Alexandre Jacques François Brière de Boismont, French physician and psychiatrist (d. 1881) * October 19 – Littleton Kirkpatrick, American Whig Party politician (d. 1859) * October 20 – José Bernardo Escobar, interim President of Guatemala (d. 1849) * October 21 ** Thomas M. Allen (Missouri clergyman), Thomas M. Allen, clergyman who played a prominent role in establishing the Christian Church in Missouri (d.

) ** William Hale (British inventor), William Hale, British inventor (d.

) * October 24 – Štefan Moyses, Slovak bishop, teacher, patriot, co-founder and first chairman of ''Matica slovenská'' (d.

) * October 25 ** Crispino Agostinucci, Italian Catholic bishop (d.

) ** Thomas Shuldham O'Halloran, first Police Commissioner and first Police Magistrate of South Australia (d.

) * October 26 ** Johann Adam Philipp Hepp, German physician, lichenologist (d. 1867) ** Luther Severance, United States Representative, diplomat from Maine (d. 1855) ** Antoine-Charles Taschereau, Quebec official, political figure (d.

) * October 27 – Andrew Combe, Scottish physician, phrenologist (d. 1847) * October 28 – James C. Curtis, American lawyer, politician (d. 1881) * October 30 ** Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1829) ** Lott Warren, United States Representative from Georgia (U (d.

) * October 31 – Benjamin H. Smith, American politician from Virginia (d. 1887) * November 1 ** María Santos Corrales, inspiration of Peru's famous poet and patriot soldier (d. 1881) ** Michael Loam, British (Cornish) engineer, introduced the first man engine to carry men up and down a mine shaft into the UK (d.

) ** Sir Hedworth Williamson, 7th Baronet of England (d.

) * November 2 – Baltazar Mathias Keilhau, Norwegian geologist, mountain pioneer (d. 1858) * November 3 – Thomas Icely, early colonial New South Wales landholder, stockbreeder (d.

) * November 4 – Carlo Blasis, Italian dancer (d. 1878) * November 5 – Elisha H. Groves, mid-level American LDS Church leader (d. 1867) * November 6 – Gabriel Andral, French pathologist, professor at the University of Paris (d.

) * November 13 – Niklas Westring, Swedish entomologist, arachnologist (d. 1882) * November 14 ** Moses M. Haarbleicher, German-Jewish poet, critic (d.

) ** Tilghman Howard, U.S. Representative from Indiana (d.

) ** Charles Lyell, Scottish geologist (d.

) ** Justus Radius, German pathologist, ophthalmologist (d. 1884) * November 15 ** Leopold von Sonnleithner, Austrian lawyer (d. 1873) ** Thurlow Weed, New York newspaper publisher, Whig and Republican politician (d. 1882) * November 17 – Isaac Funk, American rancher and politician (d.

) * November 18 – Carl Reinhold Roth, Swedish businessman, ironmaster (d. 1858) * November 19 ** Charles Anthon, American classical scholar (d. 1867) ** John Crenshaw, American landowner (d.

) ** Jesse Crowell, pioneer settler in Michigan (d. 1872) * November 20 ** Mary Buckland, English palaeontologist, marine biologist and scientific illustrator (d.

) ** María de los Remedios de Escalada, wife of the leader of the Argentine War of Independence (d. 1823) * November 21 – Anders Josef Europaeus, Finnish priest, vicar (d.

) * November 22 – David Salomons, leading figure in the struggle for Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d. 1873) * November 23 ** Bertram Ashburnham, 4th Earl of Ashburnham, British peer (d. 1878) ** Benjamin Hale (educator), Benjamin Hale, American educator, clergyman (d.

) * November 27 – José Xavier de Cerveira e Sousa, Portuguese prelate (d.

) * November 29 ** Albert Day (politician), Albert Day, American politician, 27th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (d.

) ** Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (d.

) * November 30 ** Pierre-Martial Bardy, Lower Canada teacher, doctor and political figure (d.

) ** Otto Vincent Lange, Norwegian politician (d.

) * December 2 – Benjamin F. Hallett, Massachusetts lawyer, Democratic Party activist (d.

) * December 3 ** Margaretta Morris, American entomologist (d. 1867) ** Andrew Smith (zoologist), Andrew Smith, Scottish surgeon, explorer, ethnologist and zoologist (d. 1872) * December 4 ** Thomas Patterson Brockman, member of South Carolina Senate and House of Representatives (d. 1859) ** George Tupou I, King of Tonga (d. 1893) * December 5 ** Steen Andersen Bille (1797–1883), Steen Andersen Bille, Danish vice-admiral and minister for the navy (d.

) ** Eugène Soubeiran, French scientist (d. 1859) * December 6 ** Károly Nagy, Hungarian astronomer (d. 1868) ** Antoinette Henriette Clémence Robert, French writer of historical fiction (d. 1872) * December 7 – Charles J. McCurdy, American lawyer (d.

) * December 8 – Martin Martens, Belgian botanist, chemist (d.

) * December 9 ** Michael Aikman (politician), Michael Aikman, Lower Canada businessman, political figure (d. 1881) ** Thomas Davee, United States Representative from Maine (d. 1841) * December 10 – Raffaele Fidanza, Italian painter (d. 1846) * December 11 ** Alfred Dockery, American Representative from North Carolina (d.

) ** Hiram Paulding, Rear Admiral in the United States Navy (d. 1878) * December 12 ** Lucy Anderson, English pianist (d. 1878) ** Pierre Léonard Vander Linden, Belgian entomologist (d. 1831) * December 13 – Heinrich Heine, German poet (d.

) * December 14 ** Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo, Catholic Cardinal, holder of significant legal positions in the church (d. 1867) ** Emil Huschke, German anatomist, embryologist (d. 1858) * December 15 ** Karl Friedrich Theodor Krause, German anatomist (d. 1868) ** Joseph Lecompte, United States Representative from Kentucky (d.

) ** Erik Røring Møinichen, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** Andrew Tracy, American politician (d. 1868) * December 17 ** Richard Cheslyn, English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket (1825-1846) (d. 1858) ** Joseph Henry, American scientist (d. 1878) * December 18 ** August Friedrich Wilhelm Forchhammer, jurist, historian from the Duchy of Schleswig (d.

) ** Dirk van Hogendorp (1797–1845), Dirk van Hogendorp, Dutch jurist (d. 1845) * December 19 – Antoine Louis Dugès, French obstetrician, naturalist (d. 1838) * December 22 ** Charles Fox (scientist), Charles Fox, English Quaker scientist (d. 1878) ** Thomas Manders, English actor-manager and low comedian (d. 1859) ** William Benjamin Robinson, Upper Canada fur trader and political figure (d. 1873) * December 23 – Adrien-Henri de Jussieu, French botanist (d.

) * December 24 ** Robert Irwin Jr., American pioneer, territorial legislator (d.

) ** Lewis Jones (Royal Navy officer), Lewis Jones, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1895) * December 25 ** Bernard Donald Macdonald, second Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (d. 1859) ** Joseph-Marie Quérard, French bibliographer (d.

) * December 26 ** Enoch Cobb, Massachusetts farmer, businessman, philanthropist (d.

) ** Johann Gustav Heckscher, German politician (d.

) ** Thomas M. Pettit, United States lawyer (d.

) ** Hans Skramstad, Norwegian pianist and composer (d.

) * December 27 ** Domitila de Castro, Marchioness of Santos (d. 1867) ** Charles Hodge, Presbyterian theologian, principal of Princeton Theological Seminary (1851-1878) (d. 1878) ** Manuela Sáenz, Colombian national heroine (d.

) * December 28 ** Rodolphus Dickinson, United States Representative from Ohio (d. 1849) ** John Marshall (MP for Leeds, died 1836), John Marshall, English politician (d. 1836) * December 29 – François Leuret, French anatomist, psychiatrist (d.

) * ''approximate date'' – Sojourner Truth, African-American abolitionist, women's rights activist (d.

)

Deaths

January–March

– Francis Lightfoot Lee, member of the House of Burgesses in the Colony of Virginia (b. 1734) *

– Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, queen consort of Prussia (b. 1715) *

– David Graeme (1716–1797), David Graeme, British Army general (b. 1716) *

– Antão de Almada, 12th Count of Avranches (b. 1718) *

– John Glover (general), John Glover, American military general, fisherman and merchant (b. 1732) *

– James Duane, American lawyer (b. 1733) * February 8 – Princess Joséphine of Lorraine (b. 1753) *

– Antoine Dauvergne, French composer (b. 1713) * February 13 – Sir Robert Burdett, 4th Baronet, British politician and member of the English gentry (b. 1716) *

– Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony, daughter of King Augustus III of Poland (b. 1728) *

– John Parkhurst (lexicographer), John Parkhurst, English academic (b. 1728) *

– Karl Friedrich Hieronymus Freiherr von Münchhausen, German officer and adventurer (b. 1720) *

– Horace Walpole, English politician and writer (b. 1717) *

– Empress Xiaoshurui, first Empress Consort of the Jiaqing Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1760) *

** John Gabriel Stedman, British–Dutch colonial soldier and author (b. 1744) ** Johann Heinrich Samuel Formey, German writer (b. 1711) *

– Cristina Roccati, Italian scholar in physics (b. 1732) *

– Daniel Dulany the Younger, Maryland Loyalist politician (b. 1722) *

– James Hutton, Scottish geologist (b. 1726) * March 30 – Pierre Jean Van Stabel, French rear-admiral (b. 1744) *

** Olaudah Equiano, Nigerian ex-slave, abolitionist (b. c. 1746) ** Betty Washington Lewis, younger sister of George Washington, the only sister to live to adulthood (b. 1733)

April–June

– Pierre-François Berruer, French sculptor (b. 1733) *

– Susanna Boylston, prominent early-American socialite (b. 1708) *

– Henry Louis, Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken, titular prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken (b. 1768) * April 29 – Elizabeth Ryves, Irish writer, translator (b. 1750) *

– Jedediah Strutt, English hosier and cotton spinner from Belper (b. 1726) *

– Giovanni Fagnano, Italian churchman and mathematician (b. 1715) * May 17 – Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist (b. 1719) * May 25 ** Andrew Elliot, acting colonial governor of the Province of New York (b. 1728) ** John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, British field marshal (b. 1719) *

** François-Noël Babeuf, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1760) ** Augustin Alexandre Darthé, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1769) * June 15 – Christen Friis Rottbøll, Danish physician, botanist and pupil of Carolus Linnaeus (b. 1727) *

** Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran (b. 1742) ** Mohammad Khan Qajar, Iranian king (b. 1742) *

– Andreas Peter Bernstorff, Danish statesman, politician (b. 1735) *

– Bahadur Shah of Nepal, younger son of King Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723–1775) of modern Nepal (b. 1757) * June 30 ** Welbore Ellis Doyle, third Military Governor of British Ceylon (b. 1758) ** Richard Parker (mutineer), Richard Parker, English sailor executed for his role as president of the so-called "Floating Republic" (b. 1767)

July–September

Joseph Wright of Derby - self-portrait c

– Edmund Burke, Irish philosopher (b. 1723) *

– Ienăchiță Văcărescu, Wallachian writer (b. 1740) *

– Peter Bonnevaux, fourth Military Governor of British Ceylon, third General Officer Commanding (b. 1752) *

– Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc, member of the wealthy and influential Rohan family of France (b. 1725) *

** Richard Bowen (Royal Navy), Richard Bowen, officer of the Royal Navy during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary Wars (b. 1761) ** George Thorp (Royal Navy officer), George Thorp, officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars (b. 1777) * July 29 – John Weatherhead, officer of the British Royal Navy (b. 1775) * August 3 ** August 3 – Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, British soldier and conqueror of Quebec (b. 1717) ** James Davenport (Connecticut congressman), James Davenport, American lawyer (b. 1758) *

– James Pettit Andrews, English historian, antiquary (b. 1737) *

– Alexei Senyavin, Russian admiral (b. 1716) * August 22 – Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, Alsatian-born Austrian general (b. 1724) *

– Thomas Chittenden, first governor of the state of Vermont (b. 1730) * August 29 – Joseph Wright of Derby, English landscape and portrait painter (b. 1734) *

– Sir William Ashburnham, 4th Baronet, Church of England clergyman, baronet (b. 1710) * September 10 – Mary Wollstonecraft, English feminist author (b. 1759) * September 12 – David Forman (general), David Forman, brigadier general of New Jersey militia (b. 1745) * September 19 ** Samuel Enderby, English whale oil merchant known for sponsoring Arctic exploration (b. 1719) ** Lazare Hoche, French soldier who rose to be general of the Revolutionary army (b. 1768) * September 21 ** Asaf-ud-Daula, nawab wazir of Oudh (b. 1748) ** Hugh Pigot (Royal Navy officer, born 1769), Hugh Pigot, British Royal Navy officer (b. 1769) * September 25 – John Baughan, English carpenter, thief and transportee to Australia (b. 1754) * September 30 – Gunning Bedford Sr., American lawyer and politician from New Castle (b. 1742)

October–December

* October 9 – Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1720) * October 10 ** Agui, Manchu noble general for the Qing dynasty (b. 1717) ** Carter Braxton, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, merchant, planter, Virginia politician (b. 1736) * October 14 – William Orr (United Irishman), William Orr, member of the United Irishmen (executed) (b. 1766) * October 17 – Jean-François Hubert, bishop of Quebec (b. 1739) * October 20 – William Cooke (Provost of King's College), William Cooke, English cleric, academic (b. 1711) * November 14 – Ivan Shuvalov, founder of Moscow University (b. 1727) *

– King Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744) * November 18 – Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat, French shipbuilder, merchant (b. 1719) * November 26 – Andrew Adams (congressman), Andrew Adams, American lawyer (b. 1736) * November 27 – Johann Baptist Wendling, Alsatian-born flute player, composer of the Mannheim School (b. 1723) * November 29 – Samuel Langdon, American Congregational clergyman, President of Harvard University (b. 1723) * December 1 – Oliver Wolcott, American politician (b. 1726) * December 11 – Richard Brocklesby, English physician (b. 1722) * December 13 – Louis Legendre, French politician of the Revolution period (b. 1752) * December 23 ** Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1732) ** Solomon Southwick (American Revolution), Solomon Southwick, Newport, Rhode Island printer, newspaper publisher (b. 1731) * December 26 – John Wilkes, English radical (b. 1725) * December 30 – David Martin (artist), David Martin, British painter, engraver (b. 1737) * ''date unknown'' – Wang Zhenyi (astronomer), Wang Zhenyi, Chinese astronomer

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1797 1797,