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Życie
''Życie'' (, "Life") was an illustrated weekly established in 1897 and published in Kraków and Lwów in the Austrian partition of Poland. Founded by Ludwik Szczepański, with time it became one of the most popular Polish literary and artistic journals. Although short-lasting (it went bankrupt in 1900), it shaped an entire generation of Polish artists and art critics, notably those associated with the so-called Young Poland. Initially the weekly was focused on current news, politics, social and national matters in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Galicia. Among its collaborators and correspondents in the early period were Socialist journalists Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz, Iza Moszczeńska and Wilhelm Feldman. The magazine was initially a commercial failure and failed to gain enough readership. Under such circumstances the title was bought by Ignacy Sewer-Maciejowski, who offered the job of editor in chief to Stanisław Przybyszewski, who refocused the magazine to art and l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Żuławski
Jerzy Żuławski (; 14 July 1874 – 9 August 1915) was a Polish literary figure, philosopher, translator, alpinist and patriot whose best-known work is the science-fiction epic, '' Trylogia Księżycowa'' ('' The Lunar Trilogy''), written between 1901 and 1911. Literary legacy In a twenty-year writing career, from his first book of poems in 1895, at the age of 21, to his final World War I dispatches in 1915, Jerzy Żuławski created an impressive body of work—seven volumes of poetry, three collections of literary criticism, numerous cultural and philosophical essays, ten plays and five novels. He was considered an important and influential intellectual figure in the early years of the 20th century, but a century later, the only creation which has remained in print and assured him literary immortality is ''The Lunar Trilogy''. Stanisław Lem (1921–2006), renowned as the "most widely read science-fiction writer in the world", contributed an introduction to the 1956 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iza Moszczeńska
Izabela (Iza) Moszczeńska or Moszczeńska-Rzepecka (28 October 1864 – 20 March 1941) was a Polish feminist journalist, translator and suffragette. She was the first Polish author to advocate sex education for both girls and boys. Life Iza Moszczeńska was born on the family estate in Rzeczyca, Kingdom of Prussia (now Rzeczyca, Poland) on 28 October 1864. She was mostly educated at home, only receiving two years of formal schooling, although she gained fluency in English, French and German in addition to Polish. Before 1890 she taught the local children and began writing articles for various newspapers and magazines. During this time she visited Warsaw, the capital of Russian-controlled Congress Poland, to attend lectures at the Flying University ( pl, Uniwersytet Latający), a covert school for women who were forbidden to university by the Russians. Her father died in 1890 and the family estate had to be sold off so Moszczeńska and her mother moved to Warsaw where they sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimiera Zawistowska
Kazimiera Zawistowska ''de domo'' Jasieńska, pseudonym Ira, (1870–1902) was a Polish poet and translator. Zawistowska was an author of Modernism, modernist erotic and landscape poems related with mysticism, Symbolist poetry, symbolism and Parnassianism. She published her works in Kraków and Warsaw magazines – ''Życie'', ''Krytyka'' and ''Chimera''. Zawistowska translated poems of Belgian and French symbolists, including Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Albert Samain. Biography Kazimiera Zawistowska was born in 1870 in Rasztowce, Podolia. After education, she moved to Switzerland and Italy. After back to Poland, she married with Stanisław Jastrzębiec-Zawistowski and lived with him in Supranówka in Podolia. She died on 28 February 1902 in Kraków. The cause of death was probably suicide. Notable works ;Collections of poems published posthumously * ''Poezje'' (1903) – with preface written by Zenon Przesmycki * ''Poezje'' (1923) * ''Utwory zebrane'' (1982) Sources * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Wyspiański
Stanisław Mateusz Ignacy Wyspiański (; 15 January 1869 – 28 November 1907) was a Polish playwright, painter and poet, as well as interior and furniture designer. A patriotic writer, he created a series of symbolic, national dramas within the artistic philosophy of the Young Poland Movement. Wyspiański was one of the most outstanding and multifaceted artists of his time in Poland under the foreign partitions. He successfully joined the trends of modernism with themes of the Polish folk tradition and Romantic history. Unofficially, he came to be known as the Fourth Polish Bard (in addition to the earlier Three Bards: Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, and Zygmunt Krasiński). Biography Stanisław Wyspiański was born to Franciszek Wyspiański and Maria Rogowska. His father, a sculptor, owned an atelier at the foot of Wawel Hill. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1876 when Stanisław was seven years old. Due to problems with alcohol, Stanisław's father could not fulf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Przybyszewski
Stanisław Przybyszewski (; 7 May 1868 – 23 November 1927) was a Polish novelist, dramatist, and poet of the decadent naturalistic school. His drama is associated with the Symbolist movement. He wrote both in German and in Polish. Life Stanisław Feliks Przybyszewski was born in Lohdorf ( Łojewo) near Kruschwitz (Kruszwica) in Prussia. The son of a local teacher, Józef Przybyszewski, Stanisław attended a German gymnasium in Thorn (Toruń), graduating in 1889. He left for Berlin, where he first studied architecture and then medicine. It was there that he became fascinated by the philosophy of Nietzsche, began referring to himself as a Satanist and immersed himself into the bohemian life of the city. In Berlin he lived with, but did not marry, Martha Foerder. They had had three children together; two before he left her to marry Dagny Juel on 18 August 1893 and one during his marriage to Dagny. From 1893 to 1898 he lived with Dagny (formerly a model for Edvard Munch), someti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriela Zapolska
Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska (1857–1921), known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Polish novelist, playwright, naturalist writer, feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress. Zapolska wrote 41 plays, 23 novels, 177 short stories, 252 works of journalism, one film script, and over 1,500 letters. Zapolska received most recognition for her socio-satirical comedies. Among them, ''The Morality of Mrs. Dulska'' – a tragic-farce about petty-bourgeois – is considered the most famous internationally. It is regarded as a landmark of early modernist Polish drama. Her stage plays were translated into foreign languages, and performed at Polish and European theatres, as well as adapted for radio and film. Zapolska herself acted on stage in over 200 plays in Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Lwów, Saint Petersburg and Paris. Life Zapolska was born on 30 March 1857 in Podhajce in Galicia, to a wealthy family of Polish landed gentry. At that time, as a result of the Third Partition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Poland
Young Poland ( pl, Młoda Polska) was a modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature and music, covering roughly the years between 1890 and 1918. It was a result of strong aesthetic opposition to the earlier ideas of Positivism. Young Poland promoted trends of decadence, neo-romanticism, symbolism, impressionism and art nouveau. Many of the exhibitions were held at the Palace of Art, also known as "Secession" (''Secesja''), the headquarters of the Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts, in Kraków Old Town. Philosophy The term was coined in a manifesto by writer , published in 1898 in the Kraków newspaper ''Życie'' (Life), and was soon adopted in all of partitioned Poland by analogy to similar terms such as Young Germany, Young Belgium, Young Scandinavia, etc. Literature Polish literature of the period was based on two main concepts. The earlier was a typically modernist disillusionment with the bourgeoisie, its life style and its culture. Artists following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Asnyk
Adam Asnyk (11 September 1838 – 2 August 1897), was a Polish poet and dramatist of the Positivist era. Born in Kalisz to a szlachta family, he was educated to become an heir of his family's estate. As such he received education at the Institute of Agriculture and Forestry in Marymont and then the Medical Surgeon School in Warsaw. He continued his studies abroad in Breslau, Paris and Heidelberg. In 1862 he returned to Congress Poland and took part in the January Uprising against Russian rule. Because of that he had to flee his country and settled in Heidelberg, where in 1866 he received a doctorate of philosophy. Soon afterwards he returned to Poland and settled in the Austrian-held part of the country, initially in Lwów and then in Kraków. Life and work In 1875 Asnyk married Zofia née Kaczorowska, with whom he had a son, Włodzimierz, and around that time started his career as a journalist. An editor of a Kraków-based ''Reforma'' daily, in 1884 he was also chosen to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wincenty Brzozowski
Wincenty is a given name. Notable people with the name include: *Ryszard Wincenty Berwiński (1817–1879), Polish poet * Wincenty Budzyński (1815–1866), Polish politician agent and Polish–French chess master * Wincenty de Lesseur (born 1745), eighteenth-century Polish painter * Wincenty Dunin-Marcinkiewicz (c. 1808 – 1884), Belarusian writer, poet, dramatist and social activist * Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski (1913–1945), Polish priest, scout and patron of Polish Scouts * Wincenty Godlewski or Vincent Hadleŭski (1898–1942), Belarusian Roman Catholic priest, publicist and politician * Wincenty Gostkowski (1807–1884), lawyer and associate in the watchmaker Patek Philippe & Co. in Geneva, Switzerland *Wincenty Kadłubek (1161–1223), thirteenth century Bishop of Cracow and historian of Poland *Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski (1620–1662), Polish-Lithuanian politician and military commander, a notable member of the szlachta *Wincenty Kowalski (1892–1984), Polish military com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lwów
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main Ukrainian culture, cultural centres of Ukraine. It was named in honour of Leo I of Galicia, Leo, the eldest son of Daniel of Galicia, Daniel, King of Ruthenia. Lviv emerged as the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia in the 14th century, superseding Halych, Chełm, Belz and Przemyśl. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia from 1272 to 1349, when it was conquered by King Casimir III the Great of Poland. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city became the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In 1918, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight and style of a typeface. Each font is a matched set of type, with a piece (a " sort") for each glyph. A typeface consists of a range of such fonts that shared an overall design. In modern usage, with the advent of computer fonts, the term "font" has come to be used as a synonym for "typeface", although a typical typeface (or "font family") consists of a number of fonts. For instance, the typeface " Bauer Bodoni" (sample shown here) includes fonts "Roman" (or "Regular"), " Bold" and ''" Italic"''; each of these exists in a variety of sizes. The term "font" is correctly applied to any one of these alone but may be seen used loosely to refer to the whole typeface. When used in computers, each style is in a separate digital "font file". In both traditional typesetting and modern usage, the word "font" refers to the delivery mechanism of the typeface. In traditional typesetting, the font would be made from metal or wood t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coated Paper
Coated paper (also known as enamel paper, gloss paper, and thin paper) is paper that has been coated by a mixture of materials or a polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness, or reduced ink absorbency. Various materials, including kaolinite, calcium carbonate, bentonite, and talc, can be used to coat paper for high-quality printing used in the packaging industry and in magazines. The chalk or china clay is bound to the paper with synthetic s, such as styrene-butadiene latexes and natural organic binders such as starch. The coating formulation may also contain chemical additives as dispersants, resins, or polyethylene to give water resistance and wet strength to the paper, or to protect against ultraviolet radiation. Varieties Machine-finished coated paper ''Machine-finished coated paper'' (MFC) has a basis weight of 48–80 g/m2. They have good surface properties, high print gloss and adequate sheet stiffness. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
