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Tripadi
Tripadi (Kannada, lit. ''tri'': three, ''pad'' or "adi": feet) is a native metre in the Kannada language dating back to c. 700 CE. Definition The ''tripadi'' consists of three lines, each differing from the others in the number of feet and moras (Sanskrit ''matras''),, but in accordance with the following rules: *The first line has 4 feet, each with 5 moras, and a caesura at the end of the second foot. *The 6th and 10th feet of the ''tripadi'' are each required to have the metrical pattern of a ''Brahma'' foot: -\smile \ \mathrm \ \smile\smile\smile \ \mathrm \ -- \ \mathrm \ \smile\smile- \ \ where \smile (breve) denotes a short syllable, and - ( macron) a long one. *The remaining feet have either 5 moras or 4, chosen to satisfy the rules of Nagavarma II: Line 1 20 moras in four feet Line 2 17 moras in four feet Line 3 13 moras in three feet. *There is alliteration of the second letter of each line. Metrical structure An example, of a possible scansion (metrica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kannada Literature
Kannada literature is the Text corpus, corpus of written forms of the Kannada language, which is spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the Kannada script. Attestations in literature span one and a half millennia, R.S. Mugali (2006), ''The Heritage of Karnataka'', pp. 173–175 with some specific literary works surviving in rich manuscript traditions, extending from the 9th century to the present. The Kannada language is usually divided into three linguistic phases: Old (450–1200 CE), Middle (1200–1700 CE) and Modern (1700–present); and its literary characteristics are categorised as Jainism, Jain, Lingayatism and Vaishnavism, Vaishnava—recognising the prominence of these three faiths in giving form to, and fostering, classical expression of the language, until the advent of the modern era. Kittel in Rice E.P. (1921), p. 14Sastri 1955, pp. 355–365Narasimhacharya (1934), pp. 17, 61 Although much of the literature prior to the 18th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kappe Arabhatta
Kappe Arabhatta () was a Chalukya warrior of the 8th century who is known from a Kannada verse inscription, dated to c. 700 CE, and carved on a cliff overlooking the northeast end of the artificial lake in Badami, Karnataka, India. The inscription consists of five stanzas written out in ten lines in the Kannada script. Stanza 2 (Lines 3 and 4) consists of a Sanskrit ''śloka''. Of the remaining stanzas, all except the first are in the '' tripadi'', a Kannada verse metre. Stanza 3 (lines 5 and 6), which consists of twelve words of which nine are Sanskrit words in Kannada, is well known in a condensed version, and is sometimes cited as the earliest example of the ''tripadi'' metre in Kannada. However, neither stanza 3 nor stanza 4 strictly conform to the precise rules of the ''tripadi'' metre; they each have more than 18 moras in line two, in excess of the allowed 17. Location According to , the Kappe Arabhatta inscription overlooks the artificial lake (on the south-east c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kannada Grammar
Standard Kannada grammar () is primarily based on Keshiraja's Shabdamanidarpana (c. 1260 CE) which provides the fullest systematic exposition of Kannada language.''Studies in Indian History, Epigraphy, and Culture'' – By Govind Swamirao Gai, pp. 315''A Grammar of the Kannada Language'' F.Kittel (1993), pp. 3 The earlier grammatical works include portions of '' Kavirajamarga'' (a treatise on ''alańkāra'') of 9th century, ''Kavyavalokana'' and ''Karnatakabhashabhushana'' both authored by Nagavarma II in first half of the 12th century. Various grammatical aspects of Kannada include tatsama–tadbhava, vibhakti pratyaya, kāla (tense forms), linga (gender forms), sandhi, samāsa, chandassu, alańkāra; and different poetrical metres such as ''vritta'', '' tripadi'', ''kanda'' (also called, ''choupadi'' or ''chaturpadi''), ''shatpadi'', sāngatya and others. The name given for a pure, true letter is ''akshara'', ''akkara'' or ''varna''. Each letter has its own form (''ākāra'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagavarma II
Nagavarma II (mid-11th or mid-12th century) was a Kannada language scholar and grammarian in the court of the Western Chalukya Empire that ruled from Basavakalyan, in modern Karnataka state, India. He was the earliest among the three most notable and authoritative grammarians of Old-Kannada language (Keshiraja of c. 1260 and Bhattakalanka Deva of c. 1604 being the other two).Sahitya Akademi (1987), p. 476 Nagavarma II's reputation stems from his notable contributions to various genres of Kannada literature including prosody, rhetoric, poetics, grammar and vocabulary. According to the scholar R. Narasimhacharya, Nagavarma II is unique in all of ancient Kannada literature, in this aspect. His writings are available and are considered standard authorities for the study of Kannada language and its growth.Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 65 Nagavarma II was honored with the title "poet laureate" (''Katakacharya'') and "military teacher" (''Katakopadhyaya'') by Chalukya King Jag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kannada Meter (poetry)
Kannada prosody () is the study of metres used in Kannada poetry, describing the rhythmic structure of a verse. The metres used include some metres borrowed from other traditions, and indigenous metres. Kannada literature, especially Old Kannada poetry, clearly exhibits the importance poets placed on metre. This can be seen in the number of types of metre used in Kannada poetry. History The earliest Kannada work on prosody was the ''Guṇagānkiyam'', which has been lost. Nagavarma I wrote a fairly complete work on prosody , called Chandombudhi. With a few additions by later writers, it still remains a standard work on Kannada prosody. Subdivisions Kannada metres are categorised as Amsha and Maatra (syllabic and quantitative), or as Vaidika and Laukika metres.Prof. T. V. Venkatachala Shastri, Kannada Chandaswaroopa, DVK Murthy Publication, Mysore 3rd Edition 2008 p.267-315 Amsha metres Amsha metres are based on Amsha or a unit consisting of short or long syllables which may b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vishnu
Vishnu (; , , ), also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the Hindu deities, principal deities of Hinduism. He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism, and the god of preservation (sattva). Vishnu is known as ''The Preserver'' within the Trimurti, the triple deity of Para Brahman, supreme divinity that includes Brahma and Shiva.Gavin Flood, An Introduction to Hinduism' () (1996), p. 17. In Vaishnavism, Vishnu is the supreme Lord who creates, protects, and transforms the Hindu cosmology, universe. Tridevi is stated to be the energy and creative power (Shakti) of each, with Lakshmi being the equal complementary partner of Vishnu. He is one of the five equivalent deities in Panchayatana puja of the Smarta tradition of Hinduism. According to Vaishnavism, the supreme being is with qualities (Saguna Brahman, Saguna), and has definite form, but is limitless, transcendent and unchanging absolute Brahman, and the primal Atma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madhava (Vishnu)
Madhava (, ) is one of the primary epithets of Vishnu and Krishna. The word ''Mādhava'' in Sanskrit is a ''vṛddhi'' derivation of the word ''Madhu'' (), which means honey. It is a title of Krishna, referring to his lineage as 'he who appeared the Madhu dynasty'. In the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna addresses Krishna as Madhava (meaning "lord of fortune"; not to confused with a secondary name, Madhusudana, which means "slayer of the demon Madhu"). According to Adi Shankara's commentary on the ''Vishnu Sahasranama'' and the ''Narada Pancharatra'', Madhava means the consort (''dhava'') of the mother (''ma''), referring to Lakshmi, the goddess called the 'mother of the universe'. Alternatively, it means the 'one who is fit to be known through Madhu-vidya', or can mean the 'one who is the lord of ''ma'', or knowledge. Madhava is the name by which Lord Mahavishnu, MahaVishnu will reincarnate by the end of Kali Yuga, Kaliyuga to establish the righteousness as per the sanaatan scriptures like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scansion
Scansion ( , rhymes with ''mansion''; verb: ''to scan''), or a system of scansion, is the method or practice of determining and (usually) graphically representing the Metre (poetry), metrical pattern of a line of Poetry, verse. In classical poetry, these patterns are quantitative based on the different lengths of each syllable, while in English poetry, they are based on the different levels of stress placed on each syllable. In both cases, the meter often has a regular Foot (prosody), foot. Over the years, many systems have been established to mark the scansion of a poem. Overview Systems of scansion, and the assumptions (often tacit or even subconscious) that underlie them, are so numerous and contradictory that it is often difficult to tell whether differences in scansion indicate opposed metrical theories, conflicting understandings of a line's linguistic character, divergent practical goals, or whether they merely constitute a trivial argument over who has the "better ear" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of syllable-initial consonant sounds between nearby words, or of syllable-initial vowels if the syllables in question do not start with a consonant. It is often used as a literary device. A common example is " Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers". Historical use The word ''alliteration'' comes from the Latin word ''littera'', meaning "letter of the alphabet". It was first coined in a Latin dialogue by the Italian humanist Giovanni Pontano in the 15th century. Alliteration is used in the alliterative verse of Old English poems like Beowulf, Middle English poems like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Old Norse works like the Poetic Edda, and in Old High German, Old Saxon, and Old Irish. It was also used as an ornament to suggest connections between ideas in classical Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit poetry. Today, alliteration is used poetically in various languages around the world, including Arabic, Irish, German, Mongolian, Hungari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kannada
Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a second or third language for 15 million speakers in Karnataka. It is the official and administrative language of Karnataka. It also has scheduled status in India and has been included among the country's designated classical languages.Kuiper (2011), p. 74R Zydenbos in Cushman S, Cavanagh C, Ramazani J, Rouzer P, ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics: Fourth Edition'', p. 767, Princeton University Press, 2012, Kannada was the court language of a number of dynasties and empires of South India, Central India and the Deccan Plateau, namely the Kadamba dynasty, Western Ganga dynasty, Nolamba dynasty, Chalukya dynasty, Rashtrakutas, Western Chalukya Empire, Seuna dynasty, kingdom of Mysore, Nayakas of Keladi, Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meter (poetry)
In poetry, metre ( Commonwealth spelling) or meter ( American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse. Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, " prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.) Characteristics An assortment of features can be identified when classifying poetry and its metre. Qualitative versus quantitative metre The metre of most poetry of the Western world and elsewhere is based on patterns of syllables of particular types. The familiar type of metre in English-language poetry is called qualitative metre, with stressed syllables comi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breve
A breve ( , less often , grammatical gender, neuter form of the Latin "short, brief") is the diacritic mark , shaped like the bottom half of a circle. As used in Ancient Greek, it is also called , . It resembles the caron (, the wedge or in Czech language, Czech, in Slovak language, Slovak) but is rounded, in contrast to the angular tip of the caron. In many forms of Latin, is used for a shorter, softer variant of a vowel, such as "Ĭ", where the sound is nearly identical to the English /i/. (See: Help:IPA/Latin, Latin IPA) Length The breve sign indicates a short vowel, as opposed to the Macron (diacritic), macron (), which indicates long vowels, in academic transcription. It is often used that way in dictionaries and textbooks of Latin, Ancient Greek, Tuareg languages, Tuareg and other languages. However, there is a frequent convention of indicating only the long vowels. It is then understood that a vowel with no Macron (diacritic), macron is short. If the vowel length ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
