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Saurolophine
Saurolophinae is a subfamily (biology), subfamily of hadrosaurid dinosaurs. It has since the mid-20th century generally been called the Hadrosaurinae, a group of largely non-crested hadrosaurs related to the crested sub-family Lambeosaurinae. However, the name Hadrosaurinae is based on the genus ''Hadrosaurus'' which was found in more recent studies to be more primitive than either lambeosaurines or other traditional "hadrosaurines", like ''Edmontosaurus'' and ''Saurolophus''. As a result of this, the name Hadrosaurinae was dropped or restricted to ''Hadrosaurus'' alone, and the subfamily comprising the traditional "hadrosaurines" was renamed the Saurolophinae. Recent phylogenetic work by Hai Xing indicates that ''Hadrosaurus'' is placed within the monophyletic group containing all non-lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. Under this view, the traditional Hadrosaurinae is resurrected, with the Hadrosauridae being divided into two clades: Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae. Classification Saur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrosaurid
Hadrosaurids (), also hadrosaurs or duck-billed dinosaurs, are members of the ornithischian family Hadrosauridae. This group is known as the duck-billed dinosaurs for the flat duck-bill appearance of the bones in their snouts. The ornithopod family, which includes genera such as ''Edmontosaurus'' and ''Parasaurolophus'', was a common group of herbivores during the Late Cretaceous Period (geology), Period. Hadrosaurids are descendants of the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous iguanodontian dinosaurs and had a similar body layout. Hadrosaurs were among the most dominant herbivores during the Late Cretaceous in Asia and North America, and during the close of the Cretaceous several lineages dispersed into Europe, Africa, and South America. Like other ornithischians, hadrosaurids had a Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#predentary, predentary bone and a pubic bone which was positioned backwards in the pelvis. Unlike more primitive iguanodonts, the teeth of hadrosaurids are stacked into complex s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosaurolophus
''Prosaurolophus'' (; meaning "before ''Saurolophus''", in comparison to the later dinosaur with a similar head crest) is a genus of hadrosaurid (or duck-billed) dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of North America. It is known from the remains of at least 25 individuals belonging to two species, including skulls and skeletons, but it remains obscure. Its fossils have been found in the Campanian, late Campanian-age Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta, and the roughly contemporaneous Two Medicine Formation in Montana, dating to around 75.5-74.0 million years ago. Its most recognizable feature is a small solid crest formed by the nasal bones, sticking up in front of the eyes. The type species is ''P. maximus'', described by American paleontologist Barnum Brown of the American Museum of Natural History in 1916. A second species, ''P. blackfeetensis'', was described by Jack Horner (paleontologist), Jack Horner of the Museum of the Rockies in 1992. The two species w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kundurosaurus
''Kundurosaurus'' is an extinct genus of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous, Latest Cretaceous (probably Late Maastrichtian stage) of Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia. It contains a single species, ''Kundurosaurus nagornyi''. Discovery ''Kundurosaurus'' is known from holotype AENM 2/921, a partial, disarticulated skull, including a nearly complete braincase (AENM 2/921 1-2), two quadrate bone, quadrates (3-4), squamosal (5), postorbital (6), frontal bone, frontal (7) and parietal bone, parietal (8) bones. The referred specimens are AENM 2/45-46, two jugals; AENM 2/83-84, 2/86, maxillae; AENM 2/57-58, nasal bone, nasals; AENM 2/48, postorbital; AENM 2/19, quadrate; AENM 2/121, 2/928 partial braincases; AENM 2/846, 2/902, dentaries; AENM 2/906, scapula; AENM 2/913, sternal; AENM 2/117, 2/903, 2/907-908, humeri; AENM 2/905, ulna; AENM 2/904, radius (bone), radius; AENM 2/922, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saurolophus
''Saurolophus'' (; meaning "lizard crest") is a genus of large hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of Asia and North America, that lived in what is now the Horseshoe Canyon and Nemegt formations about 70 million to 66 million years ago. It is one of the few genera of dinosaurs known from multiple continents. The type species, ''S. osborni'', was described by Barnum Brown in 1912 from Canadian fossils. A second valid species, ''S. angustirostris'', is represented by numerous specimens from Mongolia, and was described by Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky. ''Saurolophus'' is distinguished by a spike-like crest which projects up and back from the skull. It was a herbivorous dinosaur which could move about either bipedally or quadrupedally. Discovery and history Barnum Brown recovered the first described remains of ''Saurolophus'' in 1911, including a nearly complete skeleton ( AMNH 5220). Now on display in the American Museum of Natural History, this skelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmontosaurus
''Edmontosaurus'' ( ) (meaning "lizard from Edmonton"), with the second species often colloquially and historically known as ''Anatosaurus'' or ''Anatotitan'' (meaning "duck lizard" and "giant duck"), is a genus of hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur. It contains two known species: ''Edmontosaurus regalis'' and ''Edmontosaurus annectens''. Fossils of ''E. regalis'' have been found in rocks of western North America that date from the late Campanian Stage (stratigraphy), age of the Cretaceous Period (geology), period 73 million years ago, while those of ''E. annectens'' were found in the same geographic region from rocks dated to the end of the Maastrichtian age, 66 million years ago. ''Edmontosaurus'' was one of the last non-bird, avian dinosaurs ever to exist, and lived alongside dinosaurs like ''Triceratops'', ''Tyrannosaurus'', ''Ankylosaurus'', and ''Pachycephalosaurus'' shortly before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. ''Edmontosaurus'' included two of the lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kritosaurus
''Kritosaurus'' is an incompletely known genus of hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur. It lived about 74.5-66 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous of North America. The name means "separated lizard" (referring to the arrangement of the cheek bones in an incomplete type (biology), type skull), but is often mistranslated as "noble lizard" in reference to the presumed "hooknose, Roman nose" (in the original specimen, the nasal region was fragmented and disarticulated, and was originally restored flat). History of discovery In 1904, Barnum Brown discovered the holotype, type specimen (American Museum of Natural History, AMNH 5799) of ''Kritosaurus'' near the Ojo Alamo Formation, San Juan County, New Mexico, San Juan County, New Mexico, United States, while following up on a previous expedition. He initially could not definitely correlate the stratigraphy, but by 1916 was able to establish it as from what is now known as the Campanian, late Campanian-age De-na-zin Member of the K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laiyangosaurus
''Laiyangosaurus'' ("Laiyang lizard") is a genus of saurolophine hadrosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Jingangkou Formation of China. It is known from one species, ''L.youngi'', found in the Laiyang Basin within the province of Shandong. Classification ''Laiyangosaurus'' is a member of the saurolophine tribe Edmontosaurini. A number of specimens referred to ''Laiyangosaurus'' (IVPP V23405.1, V23403.1, V23402.1, V23404, V23402.7) apparently belong to kritosaurin and lambeosaurine hadrosaurids.Zhang, Yu-Guang; Wang, Ke-Bai; Chen, Shu-Qing; Liu, Di; Xing, Hai (2019). "Osteological Re‐assessment and Taxonomic Revision of "Tanius laiyangensis" (Ornithischia: Hadrosauroidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong, China". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.24097. Paleoenvironment The Wangshi Series of Shandong Province has yielded a considerable amount of fossil material, including the remains of insects, plants and other vertebrates, including dinosaurs and dinosaur eggs. See ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huallasaurus
''Huallasaurus'' (meaning "duck lizard") is an extinct genus of saurolophine hadrosaur from the Late Cretaceous Los Alamitos Formation of Patagonia in Argentina. The type and only species is ''H. australis''. Originally named as a species of ''Kritosaurus'' in 1984, it was long considered a synonym of ''Secernosaurus'' before being recognized as its own distinct genus in a 2022 study, different from other members of Kritosaurini. Discovery The generic name, "''Huallasaurus''," combines "hualla," the Mapudungun word for "duck," and the Greek "sauros," meaning "lizard." The specific name, "''australis''," is derived from the Latin "australis," meaning "southern," after the discovery of the holotype specimen in southern Argentina. Classification Rozadilla ''et al''. (2022) named ''Huallasaurus'' and the closely related ''Kelumapusaura'', recovering them in a clade of entirely South American saurolophines. In the 2023 description of the South American hadrosauroid '' Gonkoken'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelumapusaura
''Kelumapusaura'' (meaning "red earth lizard") is a genus of saurolophine hadrosaur from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation in what is now Patagonia in Argentina. The type and only species is ''K. machi'', known from a bonebed of various individuals. Discovery The generic name, "''Kelumapusaura''," combines "kelumapu," the Mapudungun word for "red earth," and the feminine form of the Greek "sauros," meaning "lizard." The specific name, "'' machi''," is derived from a word from the Mapuche people for "shaman." Description The describing authors estimate that ''Kelumapusaura'' would have been long. Classification Rozadilla ''et al''. (2022) named ''Kelumapusaura'' and the closely related '' Huallasaurus'', recovering them in a clade of entirely South American saurolophines. In the 2023 description of the South American hadrosauroid '' Gonkoken'', Alarcón-Muñoz ''et al''. recovered similar results, implementing a modified version of the phylogenetic matrix of Rozadilla ''et a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerberosaurus
''Kerberosaurus'' (meaning " Kerberos lizard") was a genus of saurolophine duckbill dinosaur from the late Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Tsagayan Formation of Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, Russia (dated to 66 million years ago).Godefroit, P., Lauters, P., Van Itterbeeck, J., Bolotsky, Y. and Bolotsky, I.Y. (2011). "Recent advances on study of hadrosaurid dinosaurs in Heilongjiang (Amur) River area between China and Russia." ''Global Geology'', 2011(3). It is based on bonebed material including skull remains indicating that it was related to ''Saurolophus'' and ''Prosaurolophus''. History In 1984, Yuri Bolotsky and the Amur Complex Integrated Research Institute discovered a large dinosaur bonebed at Blagoveschensk. Most of the remains were of ''Amurosaurus'' (a lambeosaurine hadrosaur), but some came from turtles, crocodilians, theropods, nodosaurids, and a saurolophine. The cranial material (holotype AENM 1/319, a braincase, and other skull bones) of the saurolophine wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wulagasaurus
''Wulagasaurus'' (meaning "Wulaga lizard", in reference to the discovery locality) is a genus of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Heilongjiang, China. Discovery Its remains were found in a bonebed in the middle Maastrichtian-age Yuliangze Formation, dated to 69 million years ago.Godefroit, P., Lauters, P., Van Itterbeeck, J., Bolotsky, Y. and Bolotsky, I.Y. (2011). "Recent advances on study of hadrosaurid dinosaurs in Heilongjiang (Amur) River area between China and Russia." ''Global Geology'', 2011(3). This bonebed is otherwise dominated by fossils of the lambeosaurine hadrosaurid (hollow-crested duckbill) ''Sahaliyania''. ''Wulagasaurus'' was named by Pascal Godefroit and colleagues in 2008. Only partial remains are known at this time. It is one of several hadrosaurids from the Amur River region named since 2000. The type and only species to date is ''W. dongi'', named in honor of Chinese paleontologist Dong Zhiming. ''Wulagasaurus'' is based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
