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Systematisation (Romania)
Systematization () was a program of urban planning in the Socialist Republic of Romania from 1974 to 1989. Systematization was carried out by the Romanian Communist Party under the leadership of Nicolae Ceaușescu, impressed by the Mass mobilization#Government mass mobilization, ideological mobilization of North Korea under its ''Juche'' ideology, with the stated goal of turning Romania into a "multilaterally developed Socialist mode of production, socialist society". It consisted largely of the demolition and reconstruction of existing settlements, in whole or in part, in order to Urbanization, urbanize and modernize the country. Systematization was controversial for the mass demolition of Old town, historic centers which became known as ''Ceaușima''. Reconstruction of rural areas Romania had traditionally been a largely Rural area, rural country, with the vast majority of the population living in villages when the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) came to power after Wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urban Planning
Urban planning (also called city planning in some contexts) is the process of developing and designing land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks, and their accessibility. Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements. The primary concern was the public welfare, which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, as well as taking account of effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities. Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental "bottom lines" that focuses on using planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people and maintain sustainability standards. In the early 21st century, urban planning experts such as Jane Jacobs called on urban planners to take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yard (land)
A yard is an area of land immediately adjacent to one or more buildings. It may be either enclosed or open. The word may come from the same linguistic root as the word ''garden'' (Proto-Indo-European ''gher'' "to grasp, enclose") and has many of the same meanings. A number of derived words exist, usually tied to a particular usage or building type. Some may be archaic or in lesser use now. Examples of such words are: courtyard, barnyard, hops, hopyard, graveyard, churchyard, brickyard, Prison#Common facilities, prison yard, railyard, wrecking yard, junkyard, stableyard, and dooryard. Word origin One possible account of the origin is the Middle English ''yerd'', going back to Old English ''geard'' "fence, enclosure, dwelling, home, district, country," going back to Germanic *''garđa''- (whence also Old Saxon ''gard'' "garden, (compare the French''jardin'') dwelling, world," Middle Dutch ''gaert'' "garden, yard," Old High German ''gart'' "enclosure, circle, enclosed piece of pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves, semi-free serfs, and free tenants. Peasants might hold title to land outright (fee simple), or by any of several forms of land tenure, among them socage, quit-rent, leasehold, and copyhold. In some contexts, "peasant" has a pejorative meaning, even when referring to farm laborers. As early as in 13th-century Germany, the concept of "peasant" could imply "rustic" as well as "robber", as the English term villain/villein. In 21st-century English, the word "peasant" can mean "an ignorant, rude, or unsophisticated person". The word rose to renewed popularity in the 1940s–1960s as a collective term, often referring to rural populations of developing countries in general, as the "semantic successor to 'native', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storey
A storey (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English) or story (American English), is any level part of a building with a floor that could be used by people (for living, work, storage, recreation, etc.). Plurals for the word are ''storeys'' (UK, CAN) and ''stories'' (US). The terms ''floor'', ''level'', or ''deck'' are used in similar ways as storey (e.g., "the 16th ''floor''"). However, when referring to an entire building, it is more usual to use storey or story (e.g., "a 16-''storey'' building"). The floor at ground or street level is called the ''ground floor'' (i.e. it needs no number); the floor below ground is called ''basement'', and the floor above ground is called "first" in many regions. However, in some regions, like the US, ''ground floor'' is synonymous with ''first floor'', leading to differing numberings of floors, depending on region – even between different national varieties of English. The words ''storey'' and ''floor'' normally exclud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budget
A budget is a calculation plan, usually but not always financial plan, financial, for a defined accounting period, period, often one year or a month. A budget may include anticipated sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities including time, costs and expenses, environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, other impacts, assets, Liability (financial accounting), liabilities and cash flows. Companies, governments, families, and other organizations use budgets to express strategic planning, strategic plans of activities in measurable terms. Preparing a budget allows Company, companies, Public authority, authorities, private entities or Family, families to establish priorities and evaluate the achievement of their objectives. To achieve these goals it may be necessary to incur a Deficit spending, deficit (expenses exceed income) or, on the contrary, it may be possible to save, in which case the budget will present a Surplus (economics), surplus (income exceed expense ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olt County
Olt County () is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Historical regions of Romania, historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (the regions are separated by the Olt River, Olt river). The capital city is Slatina, Romania, Slatina. History On 24 August 2017, the Olt County Council decided to hold 2018 Olt County name referendum, a name referendum on 15 October 2017 for the proposal to change the county name to "Olt-Romanați County, Romanați". The referendum was eventually held on 6 and 7 October 2018. The vote was nullified, as turnout was 27.19%, below the required threshold of 30%; therefore, the Olt County retains its current name. Demographics In 2011, the county had a population of 415,530 and the population density was . * Romanians - 98.01% * Romani people in Romania, Romani - 1.9% * The county is a mainly rural one, with over 60% of the population living in villages. Geography The county lies in a flat area on the western part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scornicești
Scornicești () is a town in Olt County, Romania, with a population of 10,795. The town administers 13 villages (Bălțați, Bircii, Chițeasca, Constantinești, Jitaru, Mărgineni-Slobozia, Mihăilești-Popești, Mogoșești, Negreni, Piscani, Rusciori, Șuica, and Teiuș) and has a total area of , being the locality with the largest area in the county of Olt, surpassing even its capital, Slatina, Romania, Slatina. Scornicești is situated in the historical region of Oltenia. It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program. History Scornicești was the birthplace of Communist Romania, communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu, who lived there until the age of 11, when he left for Bucharest to become a shoemaker. During his dictatorship, Ceaușescu wanted to make Scornicești a "model town" to house the newly created "New Soviet Man, Socialist Man". Consequently, in 1988, he began his plan by demolishing the traditional village houses and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldavia (region Of Romania)
Western Moldavia (, ''Moldova de Apus'', or , also known as Moldavia, is the core historic and geographical part of the former Principality of Moldavia situated in eastern and north-eastern Romania. Until its union with Wallachia in 1878, the Principality of Moldavia also included, at various times in its history, the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina, and Hertsa; the larger part of the former is nowadays the independent state of Moldova, while the rest of it, the northern part of Bukovina, and Hertsa form territories of Ukraine. Moldavia consists of eight counties, spanning over 18% of Moldova's territory. Six out of the 8 counties make up Moldavian's designated Nord-Est development region, while the two southern counties are included within Moldavian's Sud-Est development region. It comprises roughly 48.67% of the wider region of Moldavia. Etymology The names ''Moldavia'' and ''Moldova'' are derived from the name of the Moldova River; however, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odoreu
Odoreu (, ) is a commune situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Berindan (''Berend''), Cucu, Eteni, Mărtinești (''Krasznaszentmárton''), Odoreu, and Vânătorești (''Gombáserdő''). The commune is located in the north-central part of the county, just east of the county seat, Satu Mare. Since 2013, it belongs to the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It is crossed by the national road , which connects the county seat to Apa. The Odoreu train station serves the CFR Main Line 400, which runs from Brașov to Satu Mare. Demographics At the 2002 census, the commune had a population of 4,855; of those, 69.33% were Romanians, 26.77% Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ..., and 3.46% Roma. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
