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Soap-making
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, emulsifiers, and catalysts. Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC. Types Toilet soaps In a domestic setting, "soap" usually refers to what is technically called a toilet soap, used for household and personal cleaning. Toilet soaps are salts of fatty acids with the general formula ( RCO2−)M+, where M is Na (sodium) or K (potassium). When used for cleaning, soap solubilizes particles and grime, which can then be separated from the article being cleaned. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handmade Soap Cropped And Simplified
Handmade or hand made may refer to: *Handicraft, where useful and decorative objects are made by hand *Handmade (Jimmy Rankin album), ''Handmade'' (Jimmy Rankin album), 2003 *Handmade (Hindi Zahra album), ''Handmade'' (Hindi Zahra album), 2010 *Handmade (The Ongoing Concept album), ''Handmade'' (The Ongoing Concept album), 2015 *''Handmade'', a 1970 album by Mason Williams *''Hand Made'', a 1993 album by Mitchel Forman *HandMade Films, a British film production and distribution company *''Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker'', a British reality television series *Handmade, a former division of the Rhino Entertainment record label *''Handmade'', a web series produced by Eater (website), Eater See also * * * Handmaid, a personal maid or female servant * The Handmaid (other) * Made hand, a poker hand that does not need improvement to win {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboxylate Ion
In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid, (or ). It is an Ion#anion , anion, an ion with negative charge. Carboxylate salts are salt (chemistry), salts that have the general formula , where M is a metal and ''n'' is 1, 2,.... Carboxylate esters have the general formula (also written as ), where R and R′ are organic groups. Synthesis Carboxylate ions can be formed by deprotonation of carboxylic acids. Such acids typically have pKa, p''K''a of less than 5, meaning that they can be deprotonated by many bases, such as sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate. : Resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion Carboxylic acids easily dissociate into a carboxylate anion and a positively charged hydrogen ion (proton), much more readily than alcohols do (into an alkoxide ion and a proton), because the carboxylate ion is stabilized by Resonance (chemistry), resonance. The negative charge that is left after deprotonation of the carboxyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
