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Reais
The Brazilian real ( pl. '; sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994. the real was the twentieth most traded currency. History Currencies in use before the current real include: * The ''Portuguese real'' from the 16th to 18th centuries, with 1,000 ''réis'' called the '' milréis''. * The '' old Brazilian real'' from 1747 to 1942, with 1,000 ''réis'' also called the '' milréis''. * The '' first cruzeiro'' from 1942 to 1967, at 1 cruzeiro = 1 ''milréis'' or 1,000 ''réis''. * The '' cruzeiro novo'' from 1967 to 1970, at 1 cruzeiro novo = 1,000 first cruzeiros. From 1970 it was simply called the '' (second) cruzeiro'' and was used until 1986. * The '' cruzado'' from 1986 to 1989, at 1 cruzado = 1,000 second cruzeiros. * The '' cruzado novo'' from 1989 to 1990, at 1 cruzado novo = 1,000 cruzados. From 1990, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzeiro Real
The cruzeiro real (\mathrm\!\!\!\Vert, plural: ''cruzeiros reais'') was the short-lived currency of Brazil between August 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. It was subdivided in 100 centavos; however, this subunit was used only for accounting purposes, and coins and banknotes worth 10 to 500 of the preceding cruzeiro remained valid and were used for the purpose of corresponding to centavos of the cruzeiro real, especially when the redenomination was carried out. The currency had the ISO 4217 code ''BRR''. This redenomination, at the beginning of the second half of 1993, was made with the objective of facilitating the accounting of day-to-day activities, which in the previous unit implied the placement of several zeros that made it difficult to record values in calculators and machines. The cruzeiro real was replaced with the current Brazilian real as part of the Plano Real. History The cruzeiro real replaced the third cruzeiro, with 1,000 cruzeiros = 1 cruzeiro real. The cruzeiro re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unidade Real De Valor
The Daily Unidade Real de Valor, or URV (Portuguese, ''Real Value Unit''), was a non-monetary reference currency (i.e., non-fiat) created in March 1994, as part of the Plano Real in Brazil. It was the most theoretically sophisticated piece of the Plano Real and was based on a previous academic work by Pérsio Arida and André Lara Resende, the "Larida Plan", published in 1984. Its main purpose was to establish a parallel currency to the cruzeiro real, free from the effects of inertial inflation on the latter, which exceeded 1,200% per year prior to the implementation of the new currency, the real. It was conceived as a temporary instrument to break up the "psychological inertia" that had ingrained in the Brazilian mindset and which caused prices to keep rising as a consequence of ''subjective'' estimation of inflation or ''preemptive adjustment'' without cost assessment. These phenomena are among the chief characteristics of hyperinflation, resulting from the erosion of conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plano Real
The Plano Real (" Real Plan",The word ''real'' in Portuguese could be translated either to ''real'' or ''royal'' in English. The name of the plan comes from the name of the currency which was chosen to give the idea of a stable and credible purchasing power. in English) was a set of measures taken to stabilize the Brazilian economy in 1994, during the presidency of Itamar Franco. Its architects were led by the Minister of Finance and succeeding president Fernando Henrique Cardoso. The Plano Real was based on an analysis of the root causes of hyperinflation in the '' New Republic'' of Brazil, that concluded that there was both an issue of fiscal policy and severe, widespread inertial inflation. The Plano Real intended to stabilize the domestic currency in nominal terms after a string of failed plans to control inflation. Background According to economists, one of the causes of inflation in Brazil was the inertial inflation phenomenon. Prices were adjusted on a daily b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Real
The ''real'' (, meaning "royal", plural: ''réis'' or rchaic''reais'') was the unit of currency of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire from around 1430 until 1911. It replaced the '' dinheiro'' at the rate of 1 real = libras = 70 soldos = 840 dinheiros and was itself replaced by the '' escudo'' (as a result of the Republican revolution of 1910) at a rate of 1 escudo = 1000 réis. The ''escudo'' was further replaced by the euro at a rate of 1 euro = 200.482 ''escudos'' in 2002. History The first ''real'' was introduced by King Fernando I around 1380.Numária nacional Tesouros Numismáticos Portugueses It was a silver coin and had a value of 120 '' dinheiros'' (10 ''soldos'' or ''libra''). In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Real (old)
The first official currency of Brazil was the real (pronounced ; pl. ''réis''), with the symbol Rs$. As the currency of the Portuguese empire, it was in use in Brazil from the earliest days of the colonial period, and remained in use until 1942, when it was replaced by the cruzeiro. The name "real" was resurrected in 1994 for the new currency unit (but with the new plural form "reais"). This currency is still in use. One modern real is equivalent to 2.75 × 1018 (2.75 quintillion) of the old ''réis''. The name comes from the Portuguese word ''real'' (in the sense of "royal" or "regal") and was borrowed from a Portuguese currency previously used in Brazil. The dollar-like sign in the currency's symbol (and in the symbols of all other Brazilian currencies), called '' cifrão'' in Portuguese, was always written with two vertical strokes () rather than one. History The Portuguese real was the currency used by the first Portuguese settlers to arrive in the Americas, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of Brazil
The economy of Brazil is the largest in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere in nominal terms. As of 2024, the Brazil, Brazilian economy is the third largest in the Americas in nominal terms, and second largest in purchasing power parity. It is an List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita, upper-middle income Developing country, developing economy. In 2024, according to International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brazil had the List of countries by GDP (nominal), 10th largest nominal gross domestic product in the world, but the List of countries by GDP (PPP), 7th largest Purchasing power parity, purchasing power parity GDP in the world. In 2024, according to ''Forbes'', Brazil was the 7th largest country in the world by number of billionaires. Brazil is one of the ten chief Industry (economics), industrial states in the world according to International Labour Organization. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brazil's nominal GDP was US$2.331 trillion; the country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzeiro (1942–1967)
The (first) cruzeiro (Cr$ or C$) was the official currency of Brazil from 1942 to 1967. It replaced the old Brazilian real (old), real (pl. ''réis''), which had been in use since colonial times, at the rate of Rs $1,000 = Cr$1. It was in turn replaced by the Brazilian cruzeiro novo, cruzeiro novo, at the rate of Cr$1,000 = NCr$1. The name cruzeiro was later reused for two other currencies, which were official in Brazilian cruzeiro (1967–1986), 1970–1986 (initially denominated as the ''cruzeiro novo'' to avoid confusion between new and old currency) and Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993), 1990–1993. The cruzeiro was divided into 100 centavos, a convention that persisted through all subsequent Brazilian currencies, but in the first cruzeiro, values below Cr$0.10 were never issued because coins of less than Rs 100 had not been issued since 1935. The original plan, dating from the late 1920s, was to introduce a cruzeiro worth Rs 10$000 (ten Brazilian real ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population, seventh-largest by population, with over 212 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 Federative units of Brazil, states and a Federal District (Brazil), Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. List of cities in Brazil by population, Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil has the most Portuguese-speaking countries, Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese language, Portuguese is an Portuguese-speaking world, official language. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazil, coastline of . Covering roughly half of South America's land area, it Borders of Brazil, borders all other countries and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubens Ricupero
Rubens Ricupero (born March 1, 1937) is a Brazilian academic, economist, bureaucrat and diplomat. He served as the fifth Secretary General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development from September 1995 to September 2004. Education Ricupero earned a Bachelor in Law from the University of São Paulo in 1959. He also studied at the Rio Branco Institute, a branch of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Relations. Career From 1979 to 1995, Ricupero taught courses in international relations at the University of Brasília; and in the same period, he also taught the history of Brazilian diplomatic relations at the Rio Branco Institute. Ricupero was Chairman of the Finance Committee at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development which was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.Dornbusch, Rüdiger ''et al.'' (1995). He was the Brazilian Minister of the Environment and Amazonian Affairs, before becoming Minister of Finance in 1994. He is credited with provid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintillion
Depending on context (e.g. language, culture, region), some large numbers have names that allow for describing large quantities in a textual form; not mathematical. For very large values, the text is generally shorter than a decimal numeric representation although longer than scientific notation. Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales. Most English variants use the short scale today, but the long scale remains dominant in many non-English-speaking areas, including continental Europe and Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America. These naming procedures are based on taking the number ''n'' occurring in 103''n''+3 (short scale) or 106''n'' (long scale) and concatenating Latin roots for its units, tens, and hundreds place, together with the suffix ''-illion''. Names of numbers above a trillion are rarely used in practice; such large numbers have practical usage primarily in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Tender
Legal tender is a form of money that Standard of deferred payment, courts of law are required to recognize as satisfactory payment in court for any monetary debt. Each jurisdiction determines what is legal tender, but essentially it is anything which, when offered ("tendered") in payment of a debt, extinguishes the debt. There is no obligation on the creditor to accept the tendered payment, but the act of tendering the payment in legal tender discharges the debt. It is generally only mandatory to recognize the payment of legal tender in the discharge of a monetary debt from a debtor to a creditor. Sellers offering to enter into contractual relationship, such as a contract for the sale of goods, do not need to accept legal tender and may instead contractually require payment using electronic methods, foreign currencies or any other legally recognized object of value. Coins and banknotes are usually defined as legal tender in many countries, but personal cheque, checks, credit c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzeiro (1990-1993)
Brazilian cruzeiro refers to any of four distinct Brazilian currencies: * Brazilian cruzeiro (1942–1967), worth 1000 Brazilian réis. * Brazilian cruzeiro (1967–1986), denominated ''cruzeiro novo'' between 1967 and 1970 in the transition from the previous standard banknotes to the new banknotes issued by Casa da Moeda do Brasil to avoid confusion between the old and the new currency, worth 1000 old cruzeiros. * Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993), redenomination of cruzado novo stemming from the Plano Collor. * Brazilian cruzeiro real (1993–1994), currency with a view to facilitating accounting transactions in the transition between the 1990–1993 cruzeiro and real, necessary due to the difficulties of accounting values at the time due to inflation. See also * Brazilian cruzado (1986–1989) * Brazilian cruzado novo (1989–1990) * ''O Cruzeiro ''O Cruzeiro'' (initially just ''Cruzeiro'') was a Brazilian illustrated weekly magazine, published in Rio de Janeiro fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
