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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Sequestration
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration by insects is a strategy to facilitate defense and mating. Various species of insects have been known to use molecular compounds from plants for their own defense and even as their pheromones or precursors to their pheromones. A few Lepidoptera have been found to sequester chemicals from plants which they retain throughout their life and some members of Erebidae are examples of this phenomenon. Starting in the mid-twentieth century researchers investigated various members of Arctiidae, and how these insects sequester pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) during their life stages, and use these chemicals as adults for pheromones or pheromone precursors. PAs are also used by members of the Arctiidae for defense against predators throughout the life of the insect. Overview Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are a group of chemicals produced by plants as secondary metabolites, all of which contain a pyrrolizidine nucleus. This nucleus is made up of two pyrrole rings b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Insect
Insects (from Latin ') are Hexapoda, hexapod invertebrates of the class (biology), class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (Insect morphology#Head, head, Thorax (insect anatomy), thorax and abdomen (insect anatomy), abdomen), three pairs of jointed Arthropod leg, legs, compound eyes, and a pair of antenna (biology), antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of animals, with more than a million described species; they represent more than half of all animal species. The insect nervous system consists of a insect brain, brain and a ventral nerve cord. Most insects reproduce Oviparous, by laying eggs. Insects Respiratory system of insects, breathe air through a system of Spiracle (arthropods), paired openings along their sides, connected to Trachea#Invertebrates, small tubes that take air directly to the tissues. The blood therefore does not carry oxygen; it is only partly contained in ves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Estigmene Acrea
''Estigmene acrea'', the salt marsh moth or acrea moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is found in North America, and southwards from Mexico to Colombia. Description The head and thorax are white, and the abdomen is yellow orange with a row of black spots. The forewing is white with a variable pattern of black spots, with some individuals lacking any spots. The hindwing is yellow orange in males and white in females. Both sexes have three or four black spots or blotches on the hindwings. The wingspan measures .Covell, C. V. (2005). ''Moths of Eastern North America''. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, VA. Flight This moth is generally seen from May to August, but it is seen all year in southern Florida and southern Texas.Wagner, D. L. (2005). ''Caterpillars of Eastern North America''. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Life cycle The yellowish eggs are laid in clusters on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described arthropods and 25% of all known animal species; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total species. However, the number of beetle species is challenged by the number of species in Fly, dipterans (flies) and hymenopterans (wasps). Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae (ladybirds or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Orb Weavers
Orb or ORB may refer to: * Sphere * ''Globus cruciger'', ceremonial orb ** Sovereign's Orb, a crown jewel of the United Kingdom Places * Orb (river), in southern France * Orb (Kinzig), a tributary of the Kinzig river in Germany Literature, radio, film, television * Orb Kaftan, a character from the ''Incarnations of Immortality'' novel series by Piers Anthony * Orb (comics), a Marvel Comics villain * "Orb" (''Adventure Time''), a television episode * '' Orb Speculative Fiction'', an Australian magazine by Orb Publications * ''Ultraman Orb'', a 2016 Japanese ''tokusatsu'' television series * Orb: On the Movements of the Earth, a Japanese manga and anime series about the rise of heliocentrism Music * The Orb, a British electronic music group * O.R.B. (band) (formerly The Original Rude Boys), an Irish acoustic group * Orbs (band), a rock group featuring members of Between the Buried and Me and Fear Before the March of Flames * ''Orb'' (Boiled in Lead album), 1990 * ''Orb'' (Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lycosa Ceratiola
''Lycosa'' is a genus of wolf spiders distributed throughout most of the world. Sometimes called the "true tarantula", though not closely related to the spiders most commonly called tarantulas today, ''Lycosa'' spp. can be distinguished from common wolf spiders by their relatively large size. This genus includes the European ''Lycosa tarantula'', which was once associated with tarantism, a dubious affliction whose symptoms included shaking, cold sweats, and a high fever, asserted to be curable only by the traditional tarantella dance. No scientific substantiation of that myth is known; the venom of ''Lycosa'' spiders is generally not harmful. As of November 2020, more than 200 species in this genus had been described.Planas, E., Fernández-Montraveta, C., & Ribera, C. (2013)Molecular systematics of the wolf spider genus ''Lycosa'' (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the Western Mediterranean Basin.''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', 67(2), 414-428. Species list , the World Spide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
