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Poché
A figure-ground diagram is a two-dimensional map of an urban space that shows the relationship between built and unbuilt space. It is used in analysis of urban design and urban planning, planning. It is akin to but not the same as a Nolli map which denotes public space both within and outside buildings and also akin to a block pattern diagram that records public and private property as simple rectangular blocks. The earliest advocates of its use were Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter. As well as "fabrics", a figure ground diagram comprises entities called pochés. These are, in simple terms, groups of structures — or in even simpler terms the black figures on the diagram. A poché helps to define the voids between the buildings, and to emphasize their existence as defined objects in their own rights: spaces that are as much a part of the design as the buildings whose exteriors define them. Frederick Gibberd was a proponent of the reverse figure-ground diagram, where the buildings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nolli Map
Giambattista Nolli (or Giovanni Battista) (April 9, 1701 – July 3, 1756), was an Italian architect and surveying, surveyor. He is best known for his ichnography, ichnographic plan of Rome, the ''Pianta Grande di Roma'' which he began surveying in 1736 and engraved in 1748, and now universally known as the Nolli Map. The map is composed of 12 copper plate engravings that together measure by . It was produced and published in response to the commission of Pope Benedict XIV to survey Rome in order to help create demarcations for the 14 regions of Medieval Rome, 14 traditional ''rioni'' or districts. It was by far the most accurate description of Rome produced to date at a time when the architectural achievement of the Papacy was in full flower. Biography Born in 1701 in Castiglione d'Intelvi (Como), he moved to Rome thanks to the patronage of members of the patrician Albani people, Albani and Corsini families. As an architect, he worked on the churches of Santi Bonifacio e Aless ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ville Contemporaine
The Ville contemporaine (, ''Contemporary City'') was an unrealized utopian planned community intended to house three million inhabitants designed by the French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier in 1922. Plan The centerpiece of this plan was a group of sixty-story cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and encased in curtain walls of glass. The skyscrapers housed both offices and the flats of the most wealthy inhabitants. These skyscrapers were set within large, rectangular park-like green spaces. At the center of the planned city was a transportation hub which housed depots for buses and trains as well as highway intersections and at the top, an airport. Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian circulation paths from the roadways, and glorified the use of the automobile as a means of transportation. As one moved out from the central skyscrapers, smaller multi-story zigzag blocks set in green space and set far back from the street housed the proletarian workers. Critics Robert Hug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Urbanism
New Urbanism is an urban design movement that promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating Walkability, walkable neighbourhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types. It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has gradually influenced many aspects of real estate development, urban planning, and municipal land-use strategies. New Urbanism attempts to address the ills associated with urban sprawl and post-war, post-WW II Suburbanization, suburban development. New Urbanism is strongly influenced by urban design practices that were prominent until the rise of the automobile prior to World War II; it encompasses basic principles such as traditional neighborhood development (TND) and transit-oriented development (TOD). These concrete principles emerge from two organizing concepts or goals: building a sense of community and the development of ecological practices. New Urbanists support regional planning for open space; context-appropriate architecture an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S, M, L, XL
''S,M,L,XL'' () is a book by Rem Koolhaas and Bruce Mau, edited by Jennifer Sigler, with photography by Hans Werlemann. Overview The book was first published by Monacelli Press in 1995 in New York and 010 Publishers in Rotterdam. It is a 1376-page-long collection of essays, diary excerpts, travelogues, photographs, architectural plans, sketches and cartoons produced by the Rotterdam-based Office for Metropolitan Architecture (founded by Koolhaas) in the twenty years prior to publication. The second edition () was published in 1997, printed and bound in Italy, and has the name Rem Koolhaas printed in orange ink on the cover unlike the original which was printed in yellow. The third, special edition () was published in December 1998, printed and bound in Italy, and has the name Rem Koolhaas printed in blue ink on the cover. The book weighs . Reception The book became immediately popular, selling all the 30,000 copies of the first edition within months while it was counterfeited in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rem Koolhaas
Remment Lucas Koolhaas (; born 17 November 1944) is a Dutch architect, architectural theory, architectural theorist, urbanist and Professor in Practice of Architecture and Urban Design at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. He is often cited as a representative of Deconstructivism and is the author of ''Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan''. He is seen by some as one of the significant architectural thinkers and urbanists of his generation, by others as a self-important iconoclast. In 2000, Rem Koolhaas won the Pritzker Prize. In 2008, ''Time (magazine), Time'' put him in their top 100 of ''Time 100, The World's Most Influential People''. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2014. Early life and career Remment Koolhaas was born on 17 November 1944 in Rotterdam, Netherlands, to Anton Koolhaas (1912–1992) and Selinde Pietertje Roosenburg (born 1920). His father was a novelist, critic, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theories Of Urban Design
A theory is a systematic and rational form of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the conclusions derived from such thinking. It involves contemplative and logical reasoning, often supported by processes such as observation, experimentation, and research. Theories can be scientific, falling within the realm of empirical and testable knowledge, or they may belong to non-scientific disciplines, such as philosophy, art, or sociology. In some cases, theories may exist independently of any formal discipline. In modern science, the term "theory" refers to scientific theories, a well-confirmed type of explanation of nature, made in a way consistent with the scientific method, and fulfilling the criteria required by modern science. Such theories are described in such a way that scientific tests should be able to provide empirical support for it, or empirical contradiction ("falsify") of it. Scientific theories are the most reliable, rigorous, and comprehensive form of scientific know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Townscape
In the visual arts, a cityscape (urban landscape) is an artistic representation, such as a painting, drawing, Publishing, print or photograph, of the physical aspects of a city or urban area. It is the urban equivalent of a landscape. ''Townscape'' is roughly synonymous with ''cityscape,'' though it implies the same difference in urban size and density (and even modernity) implicit in the difference between the words ''city'' and ''town''. In urban design the terms refer to the configuration of built forms and interstitial space. History of cityscapes in art From the first century A.D. dates a fresco at the Baths of Trajan in Rome depicting a bird's eye view of an ancient city.Eugenio la Rocca: "The Newly Discovered City Fresco from Trajan's Baths, Rome." ''Imago Mundi'' Vol. 53 (2001), pp. 121–124. In the Middle Ages, cityscapes appeared as a background for portraits and Bible, biblical themes. From the 16th up to the 18th century numerous intaglio printing, copperplat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordon Cullen
Thomas Gordon Cullen (9 August 1914 – 11 August 1994) was an influential British architect and urban designer who was a key motivator in the Townscape movement. Cullen presented a new theory and methodology for urban visual analysis and design based on the psychology of perception, such as the human need for visual stimulation and the notions of time and space. He is best known for the book ''Townscape'', first published in 1961. Later editions of ''Townscape '' were published under the title ''The Concise Townscape''. Life Early life and education Cullen was born in Calverley, Pudsey, near Leeds, Yorkshire, England. He studied architecture at the Royal Polytechnic Institution, the present day University of Westminster, and subsequently worked as a draughtsman in various architects' offices including that of Berthold Lubetkin and Tecton, but he never qualified or practised as an architect. Career Between 1944 and 1946 he worked in the planning office of the Development and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
