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Myrmicacin
Myrmicacin (3-hydroxydecanoic acid) is a chemical compound of the β-hydroxycarboxylic acid class. It is named after the South American leaf-cutter ants (Myrmicinae) in which it was first discovered, but is also found in royal jelly. Myrmicacin is believed to act as a herbicide which prevents seeds collected by the ants from germinating within the nest. See also * 3,10-Dihydroxydecanoic acid * 3,11-Dihydroxydodecanoic acid 3,11-Dihydroxydodecanoic acid is a chemical found in royal jelly. See also *3,10-Dihydroxydecanoic acid 3,10-Dihydroxydecanoic acid is a chemical found in royal jelly Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of larv ... References Fatty acids Beta hydroxy acids Bee products {{Ant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta Hydroxy Acid
A beta hydroxy carboxylic acid or β-hydroxy carboxylic acid (BHA) is a carboxylic acid containing a hydroxy functional group separated by ''two'' carbon atoms. They are related to alpha hydroxy acids, in which the two functional groups are separated by only ''one'' carbon atom. Reactions Upon dehydration, beta-hydroxy acids yield an alpha-beta unsaturated acid. Compared to their non-hydroxylated counterpart, beta hydroxy carboxylic acids are stronger, although weaker than the alpha hydroxy acids. Due to the larger distance, the intramolecular hydrogen bridge is less easily formed compared to the alpha hydroxy acids. The table summarizes some values on the propionic series. {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! p''K''a , - , Propanoic acid , , 4.87Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC press, 58th edition page D150-151 (1977) , - , α-Hydroxypropionic acid , , 3.86Dawson, R. M. C. ''et al''., ''Data for Biochemical Research'', Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959. , - , β-Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ... of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees.Goulet, H & Huber, JT (eds.) (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada. p. 224 All species of Cephalotes (within the tribe Attini) are gliding ants. Identification Myrmicine worker ants have a distinct postpetiole, i.e., abdominal segment III is notably smaller than segment IV and set off from it by a well-developed constriction; the pronotum is inflexibly fused to the rest of the meso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Jelly
Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of larvae and adult queens. It is secreted from the glands in the hypopharynx of nurse bees, and fed to all larvae in the colony, regardless of sex or caste.Graham, J. (ed.) (1992) ''The Hive and the Honey Bee'' (Revised Edition). Dadant & Sons. During the process of creating new queens, the workers construct special queen cells. The larvae in these cells are fed with copious amounts of royal jelly. This type of feeding triggers the development of queen morphology, including the fully developed ovaries needed to lay eggs. Royal jelly is sometimes used in alternative medicine under the category apitherapy. It is often sold as a dietary supplement for humans, but the European Food Safety Authority concluded in 2011 that evidence does not support the claim that consuming royal jelly offers health benefits to humans. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has taken legal action against companies that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbicide
Herbicides (, ), also commonly known as weed killers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also known as weeds.EPA. February 201Pesticides Industry. Sales and Usage 2006 and 2007: Market Estimates. Summary in press releasMain page for EPA reports on pesticide use ihere Selective herbicides control specific weed species while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed, while non-selective herbicides (sometimes called "total weed killers") kill plants indiscriminately. The combined effects of herbicides, nitrogen fertilizer, and improved cultivars has increased yields (per acre) of major crops by three to six times from 1900 to 2000. In the United States in 2012, about 91% of all herbicide usage, was determined by weight applied, in agriculture. In 2012, world pesticide expenditures totaled nearly US$24.7 billion; herbicides were about 44% of those sales and constituted the biggest portion, followed by insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants. Herbicide is also used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,10-Dihydroxydecanoic Acid
3,10-Dihydroxydecanoic acid is a chemical found in royal jelly Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of larvae and adult queens. It is secreted from the glands in the hypopharynx of nurse bees, and fed to all larvae in the colony, regardless of sex or caste.Graham, J. (ed.) (199 .... See also * 3,11-Dihydroxydodecanoic acid References Fatty acids Diols Bee products Beta hydroxy acids {{OrganicAcid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,11-Dihydroxydodecanoic Acid
3,11-Dihydroxydodecanoic acid is a chemical found in royal jelly. See also *3,10-Dihydroxydecanoic acid 3,10-Dihydroxydecanoic acid is a chemical found in royal jelly Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of larvae and adult queens. It is secreted from the glands in the hypopharynx of nurse bees, and fed to all larva ... References Fatty acids Beta hydroxy acids Bee products Diols {{OrganicAcid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatty Acids
In chemistry, in particular in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells. History The concept of fatty acid (''acide gras'') was introduced in 1813 by Michel Eugène Chevreul, though he initially used some variant terms: ''graisse acide'' and ''acide huileux'' ("acid fat" and "oily acid"). Types of fatty acids Fatty acids are classified in many ways: by length, by saturation vs unsat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta Hydroxy Acids
A beta hydroxy carboxylic acid or β-hydroxy carboxylic acid (BHA) is a carboxylic acid containing a hydroxy functional group separated by ''two'' carbon atoms. They are related to alpha hydroxy acids, in which the two functional groups are separated by only ''one'' carbon atom. Reactions Upon dehydration, beta-hydroxy acids yield an alpha-beta unsaturated acid. Compared to their non-hydroxylated counterpart, beta hydroxy carboxylic acids are stronger, although weaker than the alpha hydroxy acids. Due to the larger distance, the intramolecular hydrogen bridge is less easily formed compared to the alpha hydroxy acids. The table summarizes some values on the propionic series. {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! p''K''a , - , Propanoic acid , , 4.87Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC press, 58th edition page D150-151 (1977) , - , α-Hydroxypropionic acid , , 3.86Dawson, R. M. C. ''et al''., ''Data for Biochemical Research'', Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959. , - , β-Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
