Myrmicinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...

of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is

cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Food and drink * Cosmopolitan (cocktail), also known as a "Cosmo" History * Rootless cosmopolitan, a Soviet derogatory epithet during Joseph Stalin's anti-Semitic campaign of 1949–1953 Hotels and resorts * Cosmopoli ...

. The

pupa A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in thei ...

e lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional

sting Sting may refer to: * Stinger or sting, a structure of an animal to inject venom, or the injury produced by a stinger * Irritating hairs or prickles of a stinging plant, or the plant itself Fictional characters and entities * Sting (Middle-earth ...

. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees.Goulet, H & Huber, JT (eds.) (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada. p. 224

Identification

Myrmicine worker ants have a distinct postpetiole, i.e., abdominal segment III is notably smaller than segment IV and set off from it by a well-developed constriction; the pronotum is inflexibly fused to the rest of the

mesosoma The mesosoma is the middle part of the body, or tagma, of arthropods whose body is composed of three parts, the other two being the prosoma and the metasoma. It bears the legs, and, in the case of winged insects, the wings. In hymenopterans of t ...

, such that the promesonotal suture is weakly impressed or absent, and a functional sting is usually present. The clypeus is well-developed; as a result, the antennal sockets are well separated from the anterior margin of the head. Most myrmicine genera possess well-developed eyes and frontal lobes that partly conceal the antennal insertions.

Tribes

Recently, the number of tribes was reduced from 25 to six: * Attini Smith, 1858 * Crematogastrini Forel, 1893 * Myrmicini Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 *

Pogonomyrmecini Pogonomyrmecini is a tribe of myrmicine ants with 3 extant genera, recently formed in 2015. Genera *'' Hylomyrma'' Forel, 1912 *'' Patagonomyrmex'' Johnson & Moreau, 2016 *''Pogonomyrmex ''Pogonomyrmex'' is a genus of harvester ants, occurrin ...

Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015 * Solenopsidini Forel, 1893 * Stenammini Ashmead, 1905

Genera

In 2014, most genera were placed into different tribes or moved to other subfamilies. Below is an updated list: * Attini Smith, 1858 **'' Acanthognathus'' Mayr, 1887 **''

Acromyrmex ''Acromyrmex'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. This genus is found in South America and parts of Central America and the Caribbean Islands, and contains 33 known species. Commonly known as "leafcutter ants" they compris ...

'' Mayr, 1865 **'' Allomerus'' Mayr, 1878 **''

Apterostigma ''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other ...

'' Mayr, 1865 **'' Atta'' Fabricius, 1804 **†''

Attaichnus Fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini) comprise all the known fungus-growing ant species participating in ant–fungus mutualism. They are known for cutting grasses and leaves, carrying them to their colonies' nests, and using them to grow fungus on ...

'' Laza, 1982 **'' Basiceros'' Schulz, 1906 **'' Blepharidatta'' Wheeler, 1915 **'' Cephalotes'' Latreille, 1802 **'' Chimaeridris'' Wilson, 1989 **'' Colobostruma'' Wheeler, 1927 **'' Cyatta'' Sosa-Calvo ''et al.'', 2013 **''

Cyphomyrmex ''Cyphomyrmex'' is a genus of fungus-growing ants found primarily in South and Central America. However, some species do come up to the southern portion of North America. They grow a variety of fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae. Most fungal garde ...

'' Mayr, 1862 **''

Daceton ''Daceton'' is a Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus contains only two species: '' D. armigerum'', the most studied species, distributed throughout northern South America, and '' D. boltoni'', known from Brazil and ...

'' Perty, 1833 **'' Diaphoromyrma'' Fernández, Delabie & Nascimento, 2009 **'' Epopostruma'' Forel, 1895 **''

Eurhopalothrix ''Eurhopalothrix'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The pe ...

'' Brown & Kempf, 1961 **'' Ishakidris'' Bolton, 1984 **'' Kalathomyrmex'' Klingenberg & Brandão, 2009 **'' Lachnomyrmex'' Wheeler, 1910 **'' Lenomyrmex'' Fernández & Palacio, 1999 **'' Mesostruma'' Brown, 1948 **'' Microdaceton'' Santschi, 1913 **''

Mycetagroicus ''Mycetagroicus'' is a genus of fungus-growing ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional ...

'' Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes, 2001 **'' Mycetarotes'' Emery, 1913 **'' Mycetophylax'' Emery, 1913 **'' Mycetosoritis'' Wheeler, 1907 **'' Mycocepurus'' Forel, 1893 **''

Myrmicocrypta ''Myrmicocrypta'' is a Neotropical genus of fungus-growing ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is known from Mexico to Argentina. Their colonies are generally small, consisting of fewer than 200 individuals. Species * '' Myrmicocry ...

'' Smith, 1860 **''

Ochetomyrmex ''Ochetomyrmex'' is a Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Distribution The genus is restricted to the Neotropical region, where the ants nest in soil or in the leaf litter. ''Ochetomyrmex neopolitus'' is known from northe ...

'' Mayr, 1878 **''

Octostruma ''Octostruma'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is found in the Neotropics. Species *''Octostruma amrishi'' (Makhan, 2007) *''Octostruma ascrobicula'' Longino, 2013 *''Octostruma ascrobis'' Longino, 2013 *''Octostruma ...

'' Forel, 1912 **''

Orectognathus ''Orectognathus'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The peti ...

'' Smith, 1853 **'' Paramycetophylax'' Kusnezov, 1956 **'' Phalacromyrmex'' Kempf, 1960 **'' Pheidole'' Westwood, 1839 **'' Pilotrochus'' Brown, 1978 **'' Procryptocerus'' Emery, 1887 **'' Protalaridris'' Brown, 1980 **'' Pseudoatta'' Gallardo, 1916 **'' Rhopalothrix'' Mayr, 1870 **'' Sericomyrmex'' Mayr, 1865 **''

Strumigenys ''Strumigenys'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Biology ''Strumigenys'' form small nests in soil, under or between rocks, or in and under logs or under cattle dung. Some species nest in association with other ants such as '' Both ...

'' Smith, 1860 **'' Talaridris'' Weber, 1941 **''

Trachymyrmex ''Trachymyrmex '' is a genus of fungus-growing ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is mainly tropical in distribution, with most species being found in Central and South America. The queens of the species appear to mate with only one ma ...

'' Forel, 1893 **'' Tranopelta'' Mayr, 1866 **'' Wasmannia'' Forel, 1893 * Crematogastrini Forel, 1893 **'' Acanthomyrmex'' Emery, 1893 **'' Adlerzia'' Forel, 1902 **'' Ancyridris'' Wheeler, 1935 **'' Atopomyrmex'' André, 1889 **'' Calyptomyrmex'' Emery, 1887 **''

Cardiocondyla ''Cardiocondyla'' is an Old World genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Distribution Approximately 70 species are currently recognized as belonging to this genus, most of which are distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but a ...

'' Emery, 1869 **'' Carebara'' Westwood, 1840 **'' Cataulacus'' Smith, 1853 **'' Crematogaster'' Lund, 1831 **'' Cyphoidris'' Weber, 1952 **'' Dacatria'' Rigato, 1994 **'' Dacetinops'' Brown & Wilson, 1957 **'' Dicroaspis'' Emery, 1908 **'' Dilobocondyla'' Santschi, 1910 **'' Diplomorium'' Mayr, 1901 **†'' Enneamerus'' Mayr, 1868 **†'' Eocenomyrma'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006 **'' Eutetramorium'' Emery, 1899 **''

Formicoxenus ''Formicoxenus'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petio ...

'' Mayr, 1855 **'' Formosimyrma'' Terayama, 2009 **'' Gauromyrmex'' Menozzi, 1933 **'' Gaoligongidris'' Xu, 2012 **'' Harpagoxenus'' Forel, 1893 **'' Huberia'' Forel, 1890 **†'' Hypopomyrmex'' Emery, 1891 **'' Indomyrma'' Brown, 1986 **'' Kartidris'' Bolton, 1991 **'' Lasiomyrma'' Terayama & Yamane, 2000 **''

Leptothorax ''Leptothorax'' is a genus of small ants with mainly Holarctic distributions. The genus is notable for its widespread social parasitism, i.e. they are dependent on the help of workers from other ant species during a part or the whole of their li ...

'' Mayr, 1855 **'' Liomyrmex'' Mayr, 1865 **†'' Lonchomyrmex'' Mayr, 1867 **'' Lophomyrmex'' Emery, 1892 **'' Lordomyrma'' Emery, 1897 **'' Malagidris'' Bolton & Fisher, 2014 **'' Mayriella'' Forel, 1902 **'' Melissotarsus'' Emery, 1877 **'' Meranoplus'' Smith, 1853 **'' Metapone'' Forel, 1911 **'' Myrmecina'' Curtis, 1829 **'' Myrmisaraka'' Bolton & Fisher, 2014 **'' Nesomyrmex'' Wheeler, 1910 **''

Ocymyrmex ''Ocymyrmex'' is an African genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae, also commonly known as hotrod ants. Distribution and habitat Species are thermophilic (thrives at relatively high temperatures) and live in dry savanna to extreme desert ...

'' Emery, 1886 **†'' Oxyidris'' Wilson, 1985 **†'' Parameranoplus'' Wheeler, 1915 **'' Paratopula'' Wheeler, 1919 **'' Perissomyrmex'' Smith, 1947 **'' Peronomyrmex'' Viehmeyer, 1922 **'' Podomyrma'' Smith, 1859 **'' Poecilomyrma'' Mann, 1921 **'' Pristomyrmex'' Mayr, 1866 **'' Proatta'' Forel, 1912 **'' Propodilobus'' Branstetter, 2009 **'' Recurvidris'' Bolton, 1992 **'' Rhopalomastix'' Forel, 1900 **'' Romblonella'' Wheeler, 1935 **'' Rostromyrmex'' Rosciszewski, 1994 **'' Rotastruma'' Bolton, 1991 **'' Royidris'' Bolton & Fisher, 2014 **'' Secostruma'' Bolton, 1988 **'' Stereomyrmex'' Emery, 1901 **†'' Stigmomyrmex'' Mayr, 1868 **†'' Stiphromyrmex'' Wheeler, 1915 **''

Strongylognathus ''Strongylognathus'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Many of its species are endemic to specific regions. Species *'' Strongylognathus afer'' Emery, 1884 *'' Strongylognathus alboini'' Finzi, 1924 *'' Strongylognathus alpinu ...

'' Mayr, 1853 **'' Temnothorax'' Mayr, 1861 **'' Terataner'' Emery, 1912 **'' Tetheamyrma'' Bolton, 1991 **''

Tetramorium ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Mayr, 1855 **'' Trichomyrmex'' Mayr, 1865 **'' Vitsika'' Bolton & Fisher, 2014 **'' Vollenhovia'' Mayr, 1865 **'' Vombisidris'' Bolton, 1991 **'' Xenomyrmex'' Forel, 1885 * Myrmicini Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 **'' Manica'' Jurine, 1807 **''

Myrmica ''Myrmica'' is a genus of ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is widespread throughout the temperate regions of the Holarctic and high mountains in Southeast Asia. The genus consists of around 200 known species and additional subspecies, a ...

'' Latreille, 1804 **†'' Plesiomyrmex'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009 **†'' Protomyrmica'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009 *

Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2014 **'' Hylomyrma'' Forel, 1912 **''

Pogonomyrmex ''Pogonomyrmex'' is a genus of harvester ants, occurring primarily in the deserts of North, Central, and South America, with a single endemic species from Haiti.Cole, A.C. 1968. Pogonomyrmex Harvester Ants: a study of the genus in North America. ...

'' Mayr, 1868 * Solenopsidini Forel, 1893 **'' Adelomyrmex'' Emery, 1897 **''

Anillomyrma ''Anillomyrma'' is an Asian genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Distribution and habitat Its two species are distributed in south, southeast and east Asia. ''A. decamera'' is known from Sri Lanka, India, Vietnam and China, and ''A. tride ...

'' Emery, 1913 **'' Austromorium'' Shattuck, 2009 **'' Baracidris'' Bolton, 1981 **'' Bariamyrma'' Lattke, 1990 **'' Bondroitia'' Forel, 1911 **'' Cryptomyrmex'' Fernández, 2004 **'' Dolopomyrmex'' Cover & Deyrup, 2007 **'' Epelysidris'' Bolton, 1987 **'' Kempfidris'' Fernández, Feitosa & Lattke, 2014 **''

Megalomyrmex ''Megalomyrmex'' is a genus of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is known only from the Neotropics, where some of the species are specialized parasites or predators of Attini. Description It is difficult to characterize morphologically ...

'' Forel, 1885 **''

Monomorium ''Monomorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. As of 2013 it contains about 396 species. It is distributed around the world, with many species native to the Old World tropics. It is considered to be "one of the more important grou ...

'' Mayr, 1855 **'' Myrmicaria'' Saunders, 1842 **'' Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 **'' Rogeria'' Emery, 1894 **'' Solenopsis'' Westwood, 1840 **'' Stegomyrmex'' Emery, 1912 **'' Syllophopsis'' Santschi, 1915 **'' Tropidomyrmex'' Silva, Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz, 2009 **'' Tyrannomyrmex'' Fernández, 2003 * Stenammini Ashmead, 1905 **''

Aphaenogaster ''Aphaenogaster'' is a genus of myrmicine ants. About 200 species have been described, including 18 fossil species. They occur worldwide except in South America south of Colombia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Antarctica. They are often confused wit ...

'' Mayr, 1853 **'' Goniomma'' Emery, 1895 **''

Messor ''Messor'' is a myrmicine genus of ants with more than 100 species, all of which are harvester ants; the generic name comes from the Roman god of crops and harvest, Messor. The subterranean colonies tend to be found in open fields and near ro ...

'' Forel, 1890 **'' Novomessor'' Emery, 1915 **'' Oxyopomyrmex'' André, 1881 **†'' Paraphaenogaster'' Dlussky, 1981 **'' Stenamma'' Westwood, 1839 **''

Veromessor ''Veromessor'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles ...

'' Forel, 1917 *''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'' **†''

Afromyrma ''Afromyrma'' is an extinct genus of ant in the formicid subfamily Myrmicinae, and is currently unplaced in any of the tribes of that subfamily. The genus contains a single described species, ''Afromyrma petrosa''. ''Afromyrma'' is known from ...

'' Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2004 **†'' Agastomyrma'' Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015 **†'' Bilobomyrma'' Radchenko & Dlussky, 2013 **†'' Biamomyrma'' Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015 **†'' Boltonidris'' Radchenko & Dlussky, 2012 **†'' Brachytarsites'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Cephalomyrmex'' Carpenter, 1930 **†'' Clavipetiola'' Hong, 2002 **†''

Electromyrmex ''Electromyrmex'' is an extinct genus of ants in the formicid subfamily Dolichoderinae. The genus contains a single described species, ''Electromyrmex klebsi'' and is known from a group of Middle Eocene fossils which were found in Europe. ...

'' Wheeler, 1910 **†'' Eocenidris'' Wilson, 1985 **†'' Eomyrmex'' Hong, 1974 **†'' Fallomyrma'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006 **†'' Fushunomyrmex'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Ilemomyrmex'' Wilson, 1985 **†'' Miosolenopsis'' Zhang, 1989 **†'' Myrmecites'' Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003 **†'' Orbigastrula'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Quadrulicapito'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Quineangulicapito'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Sinomyrmex'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Solenopsites'' Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003 **†'' Sphaerogasterites'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Wumyrmex'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Zhangidris'' Bolton, 2003

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1060265 Ant subfamilies Turonian first appearances Extant Turonian first appearances