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Hatched Copper Pour
In electronics, the term copper pour refers to an area on a printed circuit board filled with copper (the metal used to make connections in printed circuit boards). Copper pour is commonly used to create a ground plane. Another reason for using copper pour is to reduce the amount of etching Etching is traditionally the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio (incised) in the metal. In modern manufacturing, other chemicals may be used on other type ... fluid used during manufacturing. Features A distinctive feature of copper pour is the ''backoff'' (or ''stand-off'') - a certain distance between the copper pour and any tracks or pads not belonging to the same electrical net. A copper pour therefore looks like it flows around other components, with the exception of pads which are connected to the copper pour using thermal connections. Many early PCBs have a "hatched copper pour", sometimes ca ...
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PCB Copper Pour Thermal Pads
PCB may refer to: Science and technology * Polychlorinated biphenyl, an organic chlorine compound, now recognized as an environmental toxin and classified as a persistent organic pollutant * Printed circuit board, a board used in electronics * Plenum chamber burning, in some jet engines * Papillary carcinomas of the breast, rare forms of the breast cancers Computing * PCB (software), software to design printed circuit boards * PCBoard, bulletin board software for MS-DOS * Process control block, an operating system data structure * Precompiled Binary Organizations * Pacific Coast Borax Company, an American mining company * Pakistan Cricket Board, national regulatory board for cricket in Pakistan * ''Partido Comunista Bolchevique'', the Bolshevik Communist Party in Mexico in the 1960s * ''Communist Party of Belgium, Parti Communiste de Belgique'', the Communist Party of Belgium until 1989 ** ''Communist Party of Belgium (1989), Parti Communiste de Belgique (1989)'', one of the suc ...
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Printed Circuit Board
A printed circuit board (PCB), also called printed wiring board (PWB), is a Lamination, laminated sandwich structure of electrical conduction, conductive and Insulator (electricity), insulating layers, each with a pattern of traces, planes and other features (similar to wires on a flat surface) Chemical milling, etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate. PCBs are used to connect or Electrical wiring, "wire" Electronic component, components to one another in an electronic circuit. Electrical components may be fixed to conductive pads on the outer layers, generally by soldering, which both electrically connects and mechanically fastens the components to the board. Another manufacturing process adds Via (electronics), vias, metal-lined drilled holes that enable electrical interconnections between conductive layers, to boards with more than a single side. Printed circuit boards are used in nearly all e ...
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement. Copper is one of the few metals that can occur in nature in a directly usable, unalloyed metallic form. This means that copper is a native metal. This led to very early human use in several regions, from . Thousands of years later, it was the first metal to be smelted from sulfide ores, ; the first metal to be cast into a shape in a mold, ; and the first metal to be purposely alloyed with another metal, tin, to create bronze, ...
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Ground Plane
In electrical engineering, a ground plane is an electrically conductive surface, usually connected to electrical ground. Ground planes are typically made of copper or aluminum, and they are often located on the bottom of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The term has two different meanings in separate areas of electrical engineering. * In antenna theory, a ground plane is a conducting surface large in comparison to the wavelength, such as the Earth, which is connected to the transmitter's ground wire and serves as a reflecting surface for radio waves. * In printed circuit boards, a ground plane is a large area of copper foil on the board which is connected to the power supply ground terminal and serves as a return path for current from different components on the board. In Telecommunications, a ground plane is a flat or nearly flat horizontal conducting surface that serves as part of an antenna, to reflect the radio waves from the other antenna elements. In monopole ante ...
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Industrial Etching
Chemical milling or industrial etching is the subtractive manufacturing process of using baths of temperature-regulated etching chemicals to remove material to create an object with the desired shape. Other names for chemical etching include photo etching, chemical etching, photo chemical etching and photochemical machining. It is mostly used on metals, though other materials are increasingly important. It was developed from armor-decorating and printing etching processes developed during the Renaissance as alternatives to engraving on metal. The process essentially involves bathing the cutting areas in a corrosive chemical known as an etchant, which reacts with the material in the area to be cut and causes the solid material to be dissolved; inert substances known as maskants are used to protect specific areas of the material as resists. History Organic chemicals such as lactic acid and citric acid have been used to etch metals and create products as early as 400 BCE ...
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Thermal Relief
A thermal relief pad, thermal pad or simply thermal, is a printed circuit board (PCB) pad connected to a copper pour using a ''thermal connection''. It looks like a normal pad with copper "spokes" connecting it to the surrounding copper. A typical pad on a printed circuit board is only connected to a few narrow tracks. A pad directly connected to the copper pour is difficult to solder, since the heat quickly leaks away from the pad into the copper pour due to high thermal conductivity of copper. A thermal connection restricts the heat flow, making the pad easier to solder. Via holes that only connect one layer to another, without having soldering wires or pins into the hole, do not normally need thermal restriction. Wire-leaded components may require the thermal relief pattern to be customized or even omitted when carrying radio-frequency currents (where the additional inductance would be problematic), or where very high current densities are expected (where the spokes of the t ...
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