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Zhelekhivka
Zhelekhivka ( uk, Желехі́вка) was Ukrainian phonetic orthography in Western Ukraine from 1886 to 1922 (sometimes until the 1940s), created by on the basis of the Civil Script and phonetic spelling common in the Ukrainian language at that time (with some changes) for his own "Little Russian-German Dictionary", which was published in full in 1886. History It was for the "Little Russian-German Dictionary" that E. Zhelekhivskyi created his own phonetic spelling, which he built on the basis of , common in eastern Ukraine. It was an attempt to unite the Galician dialect and the new Ukrainian literary language, to develop general rules of spelling. After all, in the late nineteenth century. Galicians wrote many words based on their own dialectical features. The novelty of this spelling was the consistent use of it not only instead of /jі/, but also on the consonant in place of the ancient ѣ and /ɛ/. Zhelekhivka was firmly established among the supporters of phonetic spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthography Of Smal-Stotskyi And Gartner
Orthography of Smal-Stotskyi and Gartner ( uk, Правопис Смаль-Стоцького і Ґартнера, translit=Pravopys Smal-Stotskoho i Gartnera), also Orthography of Smal-StotskyiАнна БудзякПравописні ідеї Степана Смаль-Стоцького// Miejsce Stefana Smal-Stockiego w slawistyce europejskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. 160 стор.: С. 23-35. ISBN 978-83-233-3333-3; e-ISBN 978-83-233-8718-3 (Studia Ruthenica Cracoviensia)Петро СамоверськийПисьмо, правопис і його історія: 14. Грінченківка// Ілюстрований календар "Просвіти" на звичайний рік. Аргентина: Накл. Українського т-ва "Просвіта" в Аргентині, 1953. С. 58 and Scientific OrthographyПетро СамоверськийПисьмо, правопис і його історія: 13. Правопис науковий// І ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shevchenko Scientific Society
The Shevchenko Scientific Society () is a Ukrainian scientific society devoted to the promotion of scholarly research and publication that was founded in 1873. Unlike the government-funded National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the society is a public organization. It was reestablished in Ukraine in 1989 during fall of the Soviet Union, after being exiled from Ukraine since 1940. The society now has branches in several countries around the globe, such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and France. The organisation is named after the famous Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, Taras Shevchenko. History It was founded in 1873 in Lemberg (today Lviv), at that time the capital of the Austrian crown land of Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, as a literary society devoted to the promotion of Ukrainian language literature initially under the name Shevchenko Society. It was established soon after another cultural society better known as Prosvita (Enl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ya (Cyrillic)
Ya or Ja (Я я; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus () or maybe even ' Ꙗ'. Among modern Slavic languages, it is used in the East Slavic languages and Bulgarian. It is also used in the Cyrillic alphabets used by Mongolian and many Uralic, Caucasian and Turkic languages of the former Soviet Union. Pronunciation The iotated vowel is pronounced in initial or post-vocalic positions, like the English pronunciation of in "yard". When follows a soft consonant, no sound occurs between the consonant and the vowel. The exact pronunciation of the vowel sound of depends also on the following sound by allophony in the Slavic languages. Before a soft consonant, it is , like in the English "cat". If a hard consonant follows or none, the result is an open vowel, usually []. In non-stressed positionsm, the vowel reduction depends on the language and the dialect. The standard vowel reduction in Russian, Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainian Ye
Ukrainian Ye (Є є; italics: ) is a character of the Cyrillic script. It is a separate letter in the Ukrainian alphabet (8th position since 1992, 7th position before then), the Pannonian Rusyn alphabet, and both the Carpathian Rusyn alphabets; in all of these, it comes directly after Е. In modern Church Slavonic, it is considered a variant form of Ye (Е е) (there, the selection of Є and Е is driven by orthography rules). Until the mid-19th century, Є/є was also used in Romanian and Serbian (the letter was eliminated in Vuk Karadžić's alphabet and replaced by digraph је). Other modern Slavonic languages may use Є/є shapes instead of Е/е for decorative purposes. Then, the letter is usually referred to by the older name Yest (which also refers to the conventional Ye). If the two need to be distinguished, the descriptive name Broad E is sometimes used (in contrast with "Narrow E"). In Ukrainian, Є/є commonly represents the sound or like the pron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Alveolar Affricate
A voiced alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are several types with significant perceptual differences: *The voiced alveolar sibilant affricate is the most common type, similar to the ''ds'' in English ''lads''. *The voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate , or using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA, is found, for example, in some dialects of English and Italian. *The voiced alveolar lateral affricate is found, for example, in Xhosa. *The ''voiced alveolar retracted sibilant affricate'' This article discusses the first two. Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate The voiced alveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with or (formerly ). Features Features of the voiced alv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Postalveolar Affricate
The voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with (formerly the ligature ), or in some broad transcriptions , and the equivalent X-SAMPA representation is dZ. Alternatives commonly used in linguistic works, particularly in older or American literature, are , , , and . It is familiar to English speakers as the pronunciation of in ''jump.'' it is the prounounciation of the Albanian letter xh, also the sound of j- in noolaf. Features Features of the voiced postalveolar affricate: Occurrence Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate Features * Its place of articulation is postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge. Occurrence See also * Index of phonetics articles A * Acousti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghe With Upturn
Ghe with upturn (Ґ ґ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is part of the Ukrainian alphabet, the Pannonian Rusyn alphabet and both the Carpathian Rusyn alphabets, and also some variants of the Urum and Belarusian (i.e. Belarusian Classical Orthography) alphabets. In these alphabets it is usually called "Ge", while the letter it follows — ⟨ Г г⟩ (which in its turn is also called "Ge" in Russian and many other languages) — is called "He". In Unicode, this letter is called "Ghe with upturn". The letterform of this letter is based on the letterform of the letter ⟨ Г г⟩, but its handwritten and italic lowercase forms do not follow the italic modification of ⟨г⟩ (i.e. ). It represents the voiced velar plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨g⟩ in "go". Ghe with upturn is romanized using the Latin letter G (but with an additional grave accent in ISO 9). History The common Slavic voiced velar plosive is represented in most Cyri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-mid Back Rounded Vowel
The open-mid back rounded vowel, or low-mid back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The IPA symbol is a turned letter ''c'' and both the symbol and the sound are commonly called "open-o". The name ''open-o'' represents the sound, in that it is like the sound represented by , the close-mid back rounded vowel, except it is more open. It also represents the symbol, which can be remembered as an ''o'' which has been "opened" by removing part of the closed circular shape. In English, the symbol (or ) is typically associated with the vowel in "thought", but in Received Pronunciation (standard British English), Australian English, New Zealand English and South African English that vowel is produced with considerably stronger lip rounding and higher tongue position than that of cardinal , i.e. as close-mid or somewhat lower. Open-mid or even open realizations are f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I (Cyrillic)
И и (И и; italics: ) is a letter used in almost all Cyrillic alphabets with the exception of Belarusian. It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in "machine", or the near-close near-front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in "bin". History Because the Cyrillic letter І was derived from the Greek letter Eta (Η η), the Cyrillic had the shape of up to the 13th century. The name of the Cyrillic letter І in the Early Cyrillic alphabet was (''iže''), meaning "which". In the Cyrillic numeral system, the Cyrillic letter І had a value of 8, corresponding to the Greek letter Eta. In the Early Cyrillic alphabet, there was little or no distinction between the letter and the letter , the latter of which was derived from the Greek letter Iota (Ι ι). Both remained in the alphabetical repertoire because they represented different numbers in the Cyrillic numeral system: eight and ten. In New Church Slavon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near-close Near-front Unrounded Vowel
The near-close front unrounded vowel, or near-high front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , i.e. a small capital letter ''i''. The International Phonetic Association advises serifs on the symbol's ends. Some sans-serif fonts do meet this typographic specification. Prior to 1989, there was an alternate symbol for this sound: , the use of which is no longer sanctioned by the IPA. Despite that, some modern writings still use it. ''Handbook of the International Phonetic Association'' defines as a mid-centralized ( lowered and centralized) close front unrounded vowel (transcribed or ), and the current official IPA name of the vowel transcribed with the symbol is a ''near-close near-front unrounded vowel''. However, some languages have the ''close-mid near-front unrounded vowel'', a vowel that is somewhat lower than the canonical value of , though it still fits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
