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Yazathingyan
Yazathingyan ( my, ရာဇသင်္ကြန်, ; 1263 – 1312/13) was a co-founder of Myinsaing Kingdom in present-day Central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 As a senior commander in the Royal Army of the Pagan Empire, he, along with his two brothers Athinkhaya and Thihathu, led Pagan's successful defense of central Burma against the Mongol invasions in 1287. Following the collapse of the Pagan Empire, the brothers became rivals of King Kyawswa of Pagan in central Burma, and overthrew him in December 1297, nine months after Kyawswa became a Mongol vassal. They successfully defended the second Mongol invasion (1300–01), and emerged the sole rulers of central Burma. Early life Yazathingyan was born 1263 to a prominent family in Myinsaing in Central Burma. His father Theinkha Bo was a younger brother of the ''sawbwa'' (chief) of Binnaka, and had fled to Myinsaing after a dispute with his brother in 1260. Traditional ( British colonial era) scholarship identifies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myinsaing Kingdom
, conventional_long_name = Myinsaing Kingdom , common_name = Myinsaing Kingdom , era = Warring states , status = Regency , event_pre = , date_pre = 1277–87 , event_start = , year_start = 1297 , date_start = 17 December , event_end = , year_end = 1313 , date_end = 7 February , event1 = , date_event1 = , event2 = , date_event2 = 1300–01 , event3 = , date_event3 = , event4 = , date_event4 = , event_post = , date_post = , p1 = Pagan Kingdom , flag_p1 = , s1 = Pinya Kingdom , s2 = , image_coat = , image_map = Burma c. 1310.PNG , image_map_caption = Myinsaing realm 1310 , capital = Myinsaing, Mekkhaya, Pinle , common_languages = Burmese, Shan, Mon , religion = Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, animi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Athinkhaya
Athinkhaya ( my, အသင်္ခယာ, ; also spelled Athinhkaya; 1261 – 1310) was a co-founder of Myinsaing Kingdom in present-day Central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 As a senior commander in the Royal Army of the Pagan Empire, he, along with his two younger brothers Yazathingyan and Thihathu, led Pagan's successful defense of central Burma against the Mongol invasions in 1287. Following the collapse of the Pagan Empire, the brothers became rivals of King Kyawswa of Pagan in central Burma, and overthrew him in December 1297, nine months after Kyawswa became a Mongol vassal. They successfully defended the second Mongol invasion (1300–01), and emerged the sole rulers of central Burma. Early life Athinkhaya was born 1261/62 to a prominent family in Myinsaing in Central Burma. His father Theinkha Bo was a younger brother of the ''sawbwa'' (chief) of Binnaka, and had fled to Myinsaing after a dispute with his brother in 1260. Traditional ( British colonial era) sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thihathu
Thihathu ( my, သီဟသူ, ; 1265–1325) was a co-founder of the Myinsaing Kingdom, and the founder of the Pinya Kingdom in today's central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 Thihathu was the youngest and most ambitious of the three brothers that successfully defended central Burma from Mongol invasions in 1287 and in 1300–01. He and his brothers toppled the regime at Pagan in 1297, and co-ruled central Burma. After his eldest brother Athinkhaya's death in 1310, Thihathu pushed aside the middle brother Yazathingyan, and took over as the sole ruler of central Burma. His decision to designate his adopted son Uzana I heir-apparent caused his eldest biological son, Saw Yun to set up a rival power center in Sagaing in 1315. Although Saw Yun nominally remained loyal to his father, after Thihathu's death in 1325, the two houses of Myinsaing officially became rival kingdoms in central Burma. Early life Thihathu was born in 1265 to a prominent family in Myinsaing in Central Bur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narathihapate
Narathihapate ( my, နရသီဟပတေ့, ; also Sithu IV of Pagan; 23 April 1238 – 1 July 1287) was the last king of the Pagan Empire who reigned from 1256 to 1287. The king is known in Burmese history as the "Taruk-Pyay Min" ("the King who fled from the Taruks")Coedès 1968: 183 for his flight from Pagan (Bagan) to Lower Burma in 1285 during the first Mongol invasion (1277–87) of the kingdom. He eventually submitted to Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty in January 1287 in exchange for a Mongol withdrawal from northern Burma. But when the king was assassinated six months later by his son Thihathu, the Viceroy of Prome, the 250-year-old Pagan Empire broke apart into multiple petty states. The political fragmentation of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery would last for another 250 years until the mid-16th century. The king is unkindly remembered in the royal chronicles, which in addition to calling a cowardly king who fled from the invaders, also call him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Burmese Monarchs
This is a list of the monarchs of Burma (Myanmar), covering the monarchs of all the major kingdoms that existed in the present day Burma (Myanmar). Although Burmese chronicle tradition maintains that various monarchies of Burma (Mon, Burman, Arakanese), began in the 9th century BCE, historically verified data date back only to 1044 CE at the accession of Anawrahta of Pagan. The farther away the data are from 1044, the less verifiable they are. For example, the founding of the city of Pagan ( Bagan) in the 9th century is verifiable–although the accuracy of the actual date, given in the Chronicles as 849, remains in question–but the founding of early Pagan dynasty, given as the 2nd century, is not.Harvey 1925: 364 For early kingdoms, see List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma. The reign dates follow the latest available dates as discussed in each section. Early kingdoms * See List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma. Pagan (849–1297) Early Pagan (to 104 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Mongol Invasion Of Burma
The first Mongol invasions of Burma (Myanmar) (Burmese: မွန်ဂို–မြန်မာ စစ် (၁၂၇၇–၁၂၈၇); Chinese: 元緬戰爭) were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire, and the Pagan Empire took place between 1277 and 1287. The invasions toppled the 250-year-old Pagan Empire, and the Mongol army seized Pagan territories in present-day Dehong, Yunnan and northern Burma to Tagaung. The invasions ushered in 250 years of political fragmentation in Burma and the rise of ethnic Tai-Shan states throughout mainland Southeast Asia. The Mongols first demanded tribute from Pagan in 1271–72, as part of their drive to encircle the Song dynasty of China. When King Narathihapate refused, Emperor Kublai Khan himself sent another mission in 1273, again demanding tribute. It too was rejected. In 1275, the emperor ordered the Yunnan government to secure the borderlands in order to block a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theinkha Bo
Theinkha Bo ( my, သိင်္ခဗိုလ်, ) was the father of kings Athinkhaya, Yazathingyan and Thihathu of Myinsaing, the dynasty that replaced the Pagan Dynasty in 1297.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 254 His descendants founded the kingdoms that succeeded Pagan: Myinsaing, Pinya, Sagaing and Ava. According to the Burmese chronicles, Theinkha Bo was born in Binnaka to the ''sawbwa (saopha)'' (chief) of the town. Some time after his elder brother succeeded the chieftainship, he and his brother quarreled, forcing Theinkha Bo to leave town. He eventually settled at Myinsaing, a small town located in present-day Kyaukse District, and married a woman from a wealthy family there in 1260. The couple had four children. His three sons served in the Pagan army, and became commanders that King Narathihapate relied on. His youngest child married a son of the king. Although the chronicles do not mention his ethnicity, British colonial era historians assumed that he was of Shan ethn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mekkhaya
Mekkhaya ( my, မက္ခရာ; also spelled Mekkara) is a small town just south of Mandalay, Myanmar. It was a co-capital of the Myinsaing Regency from 1297 to 1313. Notable people * Yazathingyan Yazathingyan ( my, ရာဇသင်္ကြန်, ; 1263 – 1312/13) was a co-founder of Myinsaing Kingdom in present-day Central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 As a senior commander in the Royal Army of the Pagan Empire, he, along w ...: one of the cofounders of Myinsaing Regency * Prince of Mekkhaya: 19th-century prince who tried to educational and administrative reforms during the reign of King Mindon References Populated places in Mandalay Region {{Myanmar-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atula Dewi Of Prome
Atula Dewi ( my, အတုလ ဒေဝီ, ) was the chief queen consort of Thihathu of Prome in the 1280s during the last days of the Pagan Empire.Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 402–403 She was the only sister of kings Athinkhaya, Yazathingyan and Thihathu, the founders of the Myinsaing Kingdom. Her personal name was Min Hla Myat, and her daughter's name was Shin Myat Hla.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 251 Her husband Thihathu, Viceroy of Prome, is known in Burmese history for assassinating his father King Narathihapate Narathihapate ( my, နရသီဟပတေ့, ; also Sithu IV of Pagan; 23 April 1238 – 1 July 1287) was the last king of the Pagan Empire who reigned from 1256 to 1287. The king is known in Burmese history as the "Taruk-Pyay Min" ("the King ... of Pagan, and attempting to take over the Pagan throne. The assassination succeeded but Thihathu died shortly after, and never became king. But the Pagan line lived on. Their grandson Swa Saw Ke later became king of Ava in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyawswa Of Pagan
Kyawswa ( my, ကျော်စွာ, ; 2 August 1260 – 10 May 1299) was king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1289 to 1297. Son of the last sovereign king of Pagan Narathihapate, Kyawswa was one of many "kings" that emerged after the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287. Though still styled as King of Pagan, Kyawswa's effective rule amounted to just the area around Pagan city. Felt threatened by the three brothers of Myinsaing, who were nominally his viceroys, Kyawswa decided to become a vassal of the Yuan dynasty, and received such recognition from the Yuan in March 1297. He was ousted by the brothers in December 1297 and killed, along with his son, Theingapati, on 10 May 1299. Early life Kyawswa was a son of King Narathihapate and Queen Shin Hpa. He was born on 2 August 1260. The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 349 Reign Kyawswa was the governor of Dala (modern Twante) in 1285 when his father King Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Mongol Invasion Of Burma
The second Mongol invasion of Burma by the Yuan dynasty under Temür Khan was repulsed by the Burmese Myinsaing Kingdom in 1301. Background After the first invasion by the Yuan dynasty, Narathihapate fled Pagan. Already experienced commanders, the brothers strengthened their garrison at Myinsaing. After the Mongols left, Kyawswa succeeded his father Narathihapate. But he was just a nominal king of Pagan for he controlled no more than a few miles outside Pagan. Indeed, the Pagan Empire had ceased to exist. Instead, the real power in central Burma rested with the brothers who through their small but well-disciplined army controlled the Kyaukse district, the most important granary of Pagan. Kyawswa had no choice but to recognize them as lords of Kyaukse. On 19 February 1293 (12th waxing of Tabaung 654 ME), the king appointed the eldest brother as viceroy of Myinsaing, the second brother as viceroy of Mekkara, and the third brother as viceroy of Pinle. The brothers already behaved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan People
The Shan people ( shn, တႆး; , my, ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; ), also known as the Tai Long, or Tai Yai are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia. The Shan are the biggest minority of Burma (Myanmar) and primarily live in the Shan State of this country, but also inhabit parts of Mandalay Region, Kachin State, and Kayin State, and in adjacent regions of China ( Dai people), Laos, Assam (Ahom people) and Thailand. Though no reliable census has been taken in Burma since 1935, the Shan are estimated to number 4–6 million, with CIA Factbook giving an estimate of five million spread throughout Myanmar which is about 10% of the overall Burmese population. 'Shan' is a generic term for all Tai-speaking peoples within Myanmar (Burma). The capital of Shan State is Taunggyi, the fifth-largest city in Myanmar with about 390,000 people. Other major cities include Thibaw (Hsipaw), Lashio, Kengtung and Tachileik. Etymology The Shan use the endonym Tai (တႆး ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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