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Y-linked
Y linkage, also known as holandric inheritance (from Ancient Greek ὅλος ''hólos'', "whole" + ἀνδρός ''andrós'', "male"), describes traits that are produced by genes located on the Y chromosome. It is a form of sex linkage. Y linkage can be difficult to detect. This is partly because the Y chromosome is small and contains fewer genes than the autosomal chromosomes or the X chromosome. It is estimated to contain about 200 genes. It was once believed that the human Y chromosome was thought to have little importance. While the Y-chromosome is sex-determining in humans and some other species, not all genes that play a role in sex determination are Y-linked. The Y-chromosome, generally does not undergo genetic recombination except at small pseudoautosomal regions. The majority of the Y-chromosome genes that do not recombine are located in the "non-recombining region". For a trait to be considered Y linkage, it must exhibit the following characteristics: * o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Linkage
Sex linkage describes the sex-specific patterns of inheritance and expression when a gene is present on a sex chromosome (allosome) rather than a non-sex chromosome ( autosome). Genes situated on the X-chromosome are thus termed X-linked, and are transmitted by both males and females, while genes situated on the Y-chromosome are termed Y-linked, and are transmitted by males only. As human females possess two X-chromosomes and human males possess one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome, the phenotype of a sex-linked trait can differ between males and females due to the differential number of alleles (polymorphisms) possessed for a given gene. In humans, sex-linked patterns of inheritance are termed X-linked recessive, X-linked dominant and Y-linked. The inheritance and presentation of all three differ depending on the sex of both the parent and the child. This makes sex-linked patterns of inheritance characteristically different from autosomal dominance and recessiveness. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X Linkage
Sex linkage describes the sex-specific patterns of inheritance and expression when a gene is present on a sex chromosome (allosome) rather than a non-sex chromosome (autosome). Genes situated on the X-chromosome are thus termed X-linked, and are transmitted by both males and females, while genes situated on the Y-chromosome are termed Y-linked, and are transmitted by males only. As human females possess two X-chromosomes and human males possess one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome, the phenotype of a sex-linked trait can differ between males and females due to the differential number of alleles (polymorphisms) possessed for a given gene. In humans, sex-linked patterns of inheritance are termed X-linked recessive, X-linked dominant and Y-linked. The inheritance and presentation of all three differ depending on the sex of both the parent and the child. This makes sex-linked patterns of inheritance characteristically different from autosomal dominance and recessiveness. This a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azoospermia Factor
Azoospermia factor (AZF) is one of several proteins or their genes, which are coded from the AZF region on the human male Y chromosome. Deletions in this region are associated with inability to produce sperm. Subregions within the AZF region are AZFa (sometimes AZF1), AZFb and AZFc (together referred to as AZF2). AZF microdeletions are one of the major causes of male infertility for azoospermia (complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate) and severe oligozoospermia (less than 5 million spermatozoa in the ejaculate) males. ''AZF'' is the term used by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. Of the 15% of couples who are affected by infertility, 50% of those cases are due to the male partner. 15-30% of male factor infertility cases can be correlated with genetic abnormalities. One of the most commonly identified genetic abnormalities in male factor infertility are microdeletions on the long arm of the Y chromosome (Yq), specifically at a region known as the azoospermic factor (AZF) reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Y Chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is the sex-determining chromosome because the presence of the Y chromosome causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to be of male sex. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which triggers development of male gonads. The Y chromosome is passed only from male parents to male offspring. Overview Discovery The Y chromosome was identified as a sex-determining chromosome by Nettie Stevens at Bryn Mawr College in 1905 during a study of the mealworm ''Tenebrio molitor''. Edmund Beecher Wilson independently discovered the same mechanisms the same year, working with Hemiptera. Stevens proposed that chromosomes always existed in pairs and that the smaller chromosome (now labelled "Y") was the pair of the X chromosome discovered in 1890 by Hermann Henking. She realized that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TSPY1
Testis-specific Y-encoded protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TSPY1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is found only in testicular tissue and may be involved in spermatogenesis. Approximately 35 copies of this gene are present in humans, but only a single, nonfunctional orthologous gene is found in mice. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The protein is strongly overexpressed in gonadoblastoma A gonadoblastoma is a complex neoplasm composed of a mixture of gonadal elements, such as large primordial germ cells, immature Sertoli cells or granulosa cells of the sex cord, and gonadal stromal cells. Gonadoblastomas are by definition benign, .... See also * TSPYL1: TSPY1 like protein References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USP9Y
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, Y-linked (fat facets-like, Drosophila), also known as USP9Y, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ''USP9Y'' gene. It is required for sperm production. This enzyme is a member of the peptidase C19 family and is similar to ubiquitin-specific proteases, which cleave the ubiquitin moiety from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins. Clinical significance Mutations in this gene have been associated with Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCO) and male infertility. The USP9Y gene is found on the azoospermia Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man whose semen contains no sperm. It is associated with male infertility, but many forms are amenable to medical treatment. In humans, azoospermia affects about 1% of the male population and may be see ... factor (AZF) region on the Y chromosome. Men who have impaired or no sperm production often have a deletion in the AZF region, especially in the USP9Y gene, and it was thought tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RBM2
RNA-binding motif protein, Y chromosome, family 1 member A1/C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RBMY1A1'' gene. This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. Multiple copies of this gene are found in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y and the encoded protein is thought to be involved in spermatogenesis. Most copies of this locus are pseudogenes, although six highly similar copies have full-length ORFs and are considered functional. Four functional copies of this gene are found within inverted repeat IR2; two functional copies of this gene are found in palindrome P3, along with two copies of PTPN13-like, Y-linked. Alternative splicing Alternative splicing, alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative RNA splicing, splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPY2
Testis-specific basic protein Y 2 also known as basic charge, Y-linked 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPY2'' gene which resides on the Y chromosome. Function This gene is located in the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome, and expressed specifically in testis. The encoded protein interacts with ubiquitin protein ligase E3A and may be involved in male germ cell development and male infertility. Three nearly identical copies of this gene exist on chromosome Y; two copies are part of a palindromic region. This record represents the copy outside of the palindromic A palindrome ( /ˈpæl.ɪn.droʊm/) is a word, number, phrase, or other sequence of symbols that reads the same backwards as forwards, such as ''madam'' or '' racecar'', the date " 02/02/2020" and the sentence: "A man, a plan, a canal – Pana ... region. References External links * Further reading * * * * * * * {{gene-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
