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Wolfgang William (Pfalz-Neuburg)
Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg (4 November 1578 in Neuburg an der Donau – 14 September 1653 in Düsseldorf) was a German Prince. He was Count palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Jülich and Berg. Life Wolfgang Wilhelm's parents were Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg, and Anna of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, a daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. He was the winner of the War of the Jülich Succession (1609–1614), and became thus the first ruler of Palatinate-Neuburg, who was also Duke of Jülich and Duke of Berg. In 1615, he was made a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece. Because he converted to Catholicism and practised a strict policy of neutrality in the Thirty Years' War, his territories escaped widespread destruction. Wolfgang Wilhelm moved his residence to Düsseldorf in 1636. Marriage and issue Wolfgang Wilhelm married three times: * In 1613 to Magdalene of Bavaria, who gave birth to ** Philip William, his successor. * In 1631 to , daughte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Palatine Of Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg (german: Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg) was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505 by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km², with a population of some 100,000. History The Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg was created in 1505 as the result of the Landshut War of Succession and existed until 1799 or 1808. After the so-called ''Kölner Spruch'' (Verdict of Cologne) the duchy was created from the territories north of the Danube for Otto Henry and Philipp, the sons of Ruprecht of the Palatinate. While they were minors, their grandfather Philip, Elector Palatine, ruled the duchy until his death in 1508, followed by Elector Frederick II. In 1541 elector Otto Henry converted to Lutheranism and his palace chapel at Neuburg Castle was the first newly built Protestant church of all, consecrated on 25 April 1543 by the reformed theologian Andreas Osiander. In 1557 Otto Henry ceded his duchy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Golden Fleece
The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece ( es, Insigne Orden del Toisón de Oro, german: Orden vom Goldenen Vlies) is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to Isabella of Portugal. Today, two branches of the order exist, namely the Spanish and the Austrian Fleece; the current grand masters are Felipe VI, King of Spain and Karl von Habsburg, head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, respectively. The Grand Chaplain of the Austrian branch is Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, Archbishop of Vienna. The separation of the two existing branches took place as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession. The grand master of the order, Charles II of Spain (a Habsburg) had died childless in 1700, and so the succession to the throne of Spain and the Golden Fleece initiated a global conflict. On one hand, Charles, brother of the Holy Roman Emperor, claimed the crown as an agnatic member of the Hous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John III, Duke Of Cleves
John III, Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark (German: ''Johann III der Friedfertige''; 10 November 1490 – 6 February 1539), known as John the Peaceful, was the Lord of Ravensberg, Count of Marck, and founder of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. Life John was born on 10 November 1490, as the son of John II, Duke of Cleves, and Mathilde of Hesse. In 1510, at the age of 19, John married Duchess Maria of Jülich-Berg, daughter of Duke William IV of Jülich-Berg and Sibylle of Brandenburg, who became heiress to her father's estates Jülich, Berg and Ravensberg. John became ruler of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg in 1521, and Lord of Ravensberg in 1528. John represented a compensatory attitude, which strove for a ' between the two confessions during the Protestant Reformation. In fact, the real influence at the court of Cleves was Erasmus. Many of his men were friends and followers of the Dutch scholar and theologian. In 1532 John wrote up a list of church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christine Of Saxony
Christine of Saxony (25 December 1505 – 15 April 1549) was a German noble, landgravine consort of Hesse by marriage to Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse.Eckhart G. Franz (Hrsg.): Haus Hessen. Biografisches Lexikon. (= Arbeiten der Hessischen Historischen Kommission N.F., Bd. 34) Hessische Historische Kommission, Darmstadt 2012, ISBN 978-3-88443-411-6 She was the regent of Hesse during the absence of her spouse in 1547–1549. She was the daughter of George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony and Barbara Jagiellon. On 11 December 1523 in Kassel, she married Landgrave Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. The marriage was arranged to forge an alliance between Hesse and Saxony and was unhappy; Philip claimed to be disgusted by her and only shared her bed by duty. They had ten children. Whilst married to Christine, Philip practised bigamy and had another nine children with his other ( morganatic) wife, Margarethe von der Saale; in 1540, Christine gave her consent to her husband's bigamy with his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip I, Landgrave Of Hesse
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed (in English: "the Magnanimous"), was a German nobleman and champion of the Protestant Reformation, notable for being one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany. Biography Early life and embracing of Protestantism Philip was the son of Landgrave William II of Hesse and his second wife Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. His father died when Philip was five years old, and in 1514 his mother, after a series of struggles with the Estates of Hesse, succeeded in becoming regent on his behalf. The struggles over authority continued, however. To put an end to them, Philip was declared of age in 1518, his actual assumption of power beginning the following year. The power of the Estates had been broken by his mother, but he owed her little else. His education had been very imperfect, and his moral and religious training had been neglected. Despite all this, he developed rapidly as a state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elisabeth Of Hesse (1503–1563)
Elisabeth of Hesse (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582) was a German noblewoman. She was a daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse and Christine of Saxony, daughter of George, Duke of Saxony. On 8 July 1560 she married Louis VI, Elector Palatine. They had the following children: # Anna Marie (1561–1589), married Charles IX of Sweden # Elisabeth (15 June – 2 November 1562) # Dorothea Elisabeth (12 January – 7 March 1565) # Dorothea (1566–1567) # Frederick Philip (19 October 1567 – 14 November 1568) # Johann Friedrich (died within a month of birth) # Ludwig (died within three months of birth) # Katharina (1572–1586) # Christine (1573–1619) # Frederick (1574–1610), succeeded as Elector Palatine The counts palatine of Lotharingia /counts palatine of the Rhine /electors of the Palatinate (german: Kurfürst von der Pfalz) ruled some part of Rhine area in the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire from 915 to 1803. The title was a kin ... # Philip (4 May 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis II, Count Palatine Of Zweibrücken
Louis II of Zweibrücken (german: Pfalzgraf Ludwig II. von Zweibrücken-Neuburg "der Jüngere") (14 September 1502 – 3 December 1532) was Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken from 1514 to 1532. Early life He was the son of Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1462–1514) and his wife Countess Margarete of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1480–1522). Marriage and issue He was married in 1525 to Elisabeth of Hesse, daughter of William I, Landgrave of Lower Hesse, and they had two children. His son Wolfgang inherited the title and his daughter Christine died young in 1534. Death Louis II died on 3 December 1532 and was buried in the crypt of Alexanderskirche (a church named for his father, who funded the original construction) in Zweibrücken Zweibrücken (; french: Deux-Ponts, ; Palatinate German: ''Zweebrigge'', ; literally translated as "Two Bridges") is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach river. Name The name ''Zweibrücken'' me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Of Austria, Duchess Of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
Archduchess Maria of Austria (15 May 1531 – 11 December 1581) was the daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I from the House of Habsburg and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. She married William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg on 18 July 1546 as his second wife. Their children were: # Marie Eleonore (1550–1608); married Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia # Anna (1552–1632); married Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg # Magdalene (1553–1633); married John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, brother of Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg # Charles Frederick (1555–1575) # Elizabeth (1556–1561) # Sibylle (1557–1627); married Karl II Habsburg (1560–1618) of Austria, Margrave of Burgau, a morganatic son of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria # John William (1562–1609), Bishop of Münster A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally respons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William, Duke Of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
William of Jülich-Cleves-Berge (William I of Cleves, William V of Jülich-Berg) (german: Wilhelm der Reiche; 28 July 1516 – 5 January 1592) was a Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1539–1592). William was born in and died in Düsseldorf. He was the only son of John III, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, and Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Berg. William took over rule of his father's estates (the Duchy of Cleves and the County of Mark) upon his death in 1539. Despite his mother having lived until 1543, William also became the Duke of Berg and Jülich and the Count of Ravensberg. Life William's humanistic education was headed by Konrad Heresbach. William in turn built a humanistic gymnasium in Dusseldorf in 1545. He attempted to uphold the ''Erasmian'' church, but did little to stop Lutheranism from spreading through the populace. After 1554, William appointed a Lutheran preacher to educate his sons. From 1538 to 1543, William held the neighbouring Duchy of Guelders, as successor of his d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Of Hesse
Anna of Hesse (26 October 1529, Kassel – 10 July 1591, Meisenheim) was a princess of Hesse by birth and marriage Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken. Early life Anna was a daughter of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse (1501–1567) from his marriage to Princess Christine of Saxony (1505–1549), a daughter of Duke George of Saxony. Biography She married on 24 February 1544 with Count Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken (1526–1569). After the death of her husband, Anna and her brother William and Elector Palatine Louis VI jointly acted as guardians for her children. William was also the executor of Wolfgang's testament. Around 1590, Anna founded the St. Anne's churchyard in Heidelberg. In 1596, a stone monument in her honor was erected in this churchyard. When the churchyard was closed in 1845, the monument was moved to the ''Bergfriedhof'' churchyard. Anna died in 1591 and was buried in the Lutheran Church of Meisenheim Castle. Issue From her marriage, Anna had the foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfgang, Count Palatine Of Zweibrücken
Count Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken (german: Pfalzgraf Wolfgang von Zweibrücken; 26 September 1526 – 11 June 1569) was member of the Wittelsbach family of the Counts Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken from 1532. With the support of his regent, his uncle Rupert (later made the Count of Veldenz), Wolfgang introduced the Reformation to Zweibrücken as early as 1537. Biography He was the only son of Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and his wife Elisabeth of Hesse, daughter of William I, Landgrave of Hesse. His father died in 1532, so the regency of Palatinate-Zweibrücken passed to Louis' younger brother Rupert until 1543. In 1557 Wolfgang received the territory of Palatinate-Neuburg in accordance with the Contract of Heidelberg. In 1548 the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V occupied his Protestant territories and reintroduced Catholic practices. This imposition ended in 1552. The Peace of Augsburg of 1555 ended the religious conflict, and in 1557 several ecclesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egon VIII Of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
Egon VIII of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (Ernst Egon; 21 March 1588 in Speyer – 24 August 1635 in Constance) was Imperial Count of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (1618–1635) and Bavarian Field-marshal, and an important military leader in the Thirty Years' War. Life and career Egon came from the noble house of Fürstenberg. His father was Frederick IV of Fürstenberg (1563–1617), and his mother was Elizabeth of Sulz (1562/63-1601). Presumably the third son of the couple, Egon held several church offices. He was Chorbishop of Magdeburg and Strasbourg, treasurer and prebendary, Provost at St. Gereon in Cologne and of Archduke Leopold, Bishop of Passau and Strasbourg, Council and the governor in the autonomous Cathedral district of Rouffach. By imperial letters patent of 9 September 1619, he was made a warlord of the Catholic League (German) during the Thirty Years War. In 1631, Egon of Fürstenberg enforced the Edict of Restitution in Franconia and Württemberg. Together with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
