|
Water Resources Act 1991
The Water Resources Act 1991 (WRA) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that regulates water resources, water quality and pollution, and flood defence. Part II of the Act provides the general structure for the management of water resources. Part III explains the standards expected for controlled waters; and what is considered to be water pollution. Part IV provides information on mitigation through flood defence. Background The Water Resources Act was introduced in December 1991 along with four other pieces of legislation ( Water Industry Act 1991, Land Drainage Act 1991, Statutory Water Act 1991 and the Water (Consequential Provisions) Act 1991) whose combined purpose was to consolidate existing water legislation, which was previously spread out over 20 separate pieces of legislation. The Act governs the quality and quantity of water by outlining the functions of the Environment Agency (previously the National Rivers Authority). The WRA sets out offences relating to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environment Act 1995
The Environment Act 1995c 25 passed under the ministerial tutelage of John Gummer, is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which created a number of new agencies and set new standards for environmental management. See also *English land law *UK environmental law *Hedgerows Regulations 1997 The Hedgerows Regulations 1997 of England and Wales is a UK Statutory Instrument (1997 No. 1160) which came into effect on 1 June 1997 and is government legislation which falls under the Environment Act 1995. It was created to protect hedgerows, ... External links * United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1995 Environmental law in the United Kingdom Waste legislation in the United Kingdom 1995 in British law 1995 in the environment {{UK-statute-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary Of State For Environment, Food And Rural Affairs
The secretary of state for environment, food and rural affairs, also referred to as the environment secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. The office holder works alongside the other Defra ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for environment, food and rural affairs. Responsibilities The secretary of state has two main responsibilities at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is a department of His Majesty's Government responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in the United K ..., to: *bear overall responsibility for all departmental issues. *lobby for the United Kingdom in other i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Footnotes
A note is a string of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document or at the end of a chapter, volume, or the whole text. The note can provide an author's comments on the main text or citations of a reference work in support of the text. Footnotes are notes at the foot of the page while endnotes are collected under a separate heading at the end of a chapter, volume, or entire work. Unlike footnotes, endnotes have the advantage of not affecting the layout of the main text, but may cause inconvenience to readers who have to move back and forth between the main text and the endnotes. In some editions of the Bible, notes are placed in a narrow column in the middle of each page between two columns of biblical text. Numbering and symbols In English, a footnote or endnote is normally flagged by a superscripted number immediately following that portion of the text the note references, each such footnote being numbered sequentially. Occasionally, a number between brack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrate Vulnerable Zone
A nitrate vulnerable zone is a conservation designation of the Environment Agency for areas of land that drain into nitrate polluted waters, or waterways that could become polluted by nitrates due to environmental and health threats. A nitrate vulnerable zone can be designated as a response to an increase in nitrate leaching or increased use of nitrate fertilizers. Nitrate pollution Sources of nitrate pollution One of the primary causes of nitrate pollution is the use of nitrogen fertilizers and application of manure to agricultural fields, which stimulates crop production but also contributes to nutrient pollution due to nitrate leaches from soil during heavy precipitation events. Environmental impacts Nitrate runoff can lead to eutrophication of waterways, leading to excessive algal growth and oxygen depletion. Health effects High levels of nitrate in drinking water used to prepare infant formula can negatively affect infant health. With continued use of contamina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
80/778/EEC
The Drinking Water Directive 20202020/2184 is an EU law that protects the quality of drinking water and forms part of the regulation of water supply and sanitation in the European Union. Contents The Directive is intended to protect human health by laying down healthiness and purity requirements which must be met by drinking water within the Community (see water quality). It requires Member States to regularly report on the quality of drinking water to the European Commission and the public. It applies to all water intended for human consumption apart from natural mineral waters and waters which are medicinal products. Member States shall ensure that such drinking water: * does not contain any concentration of micro-organisms, parasites or any other substance which constitutes a potential human health risk; * meets the minimum requirements (microbiological and chemical parameters and those relating to radioactivity) laid down by the directive. * They will take any other actio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EC Drinking Water Directive
The Drinking Water Directive 20202020/2184 is an EU law that protects the quality of drinking water and forms part of the regulation of water supply and sanitation in the European Union. Contents The Directive is intended to protect human health by laying down healthiness and purity requirements which must be met by drinking water within the Community (see water quality). It requires Member States to regularly report on the quality of drinking water to the European Commission and the public. It applies to all water intended for human consumption apart from natural mineral waters and waters which are medicinal products. Member States shall ensure that such drinking water: * does not contain any concentration of micro-organisms, parasites or any other substance which constitutes a potential human health risk; * meets the minimum requirements (microbiological and chemical parameters and those relating to radioactivity) laid down by the directive. * They will take any other actio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Name And Shame
To name and shame is to "publicly say that a person, group or business has done something wrong". It is a form of public shaming used to rally popular opinion against and in turn discourage certain kinds of behavior or enterprises. The practice occurs both at the domestic and the international levels where naming and shaming is often used to denounce unfair business practices or human rights violations. There are some evidences to indicate that naming and shaming can reduce atrocities and make the named and shamed governments to improve their human rights records. Some scholars however question whether naming and shaming actually has the intended effects. International relations Naming and shaming is a common strategy to compel and deter changes in state and non-state behavior. It is a particularly common strategy when states engage in human rights abuses. It has also been used to compel improvements in environmental policies, stopping whaling being one such example.. Public p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polluter Pays Principle
In environmental law, the polluter pays principle is enacted to make the party responsible for producing pollution responsible for paying for the damage done to the natural environment. It is regarded as a regional custom because of the strong support it has received in most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and European Union countries. It is a fundamental principle in US environmental law. History According to the French historian of the environment Jean-Baptiste Fressoz henu, financial compensation (not named "polluter pays principle" at that time) is already the regulation principle of pollution favoured by industrials in the nineteenth century. Nic Ulmi"Aux origines de la crise écologique" he origins of the ecological crisis ''Le temps'', 18 October 2016 (page visited on 22 October 2016). He wrote that: "This principle, which is now offered as a new solution, actually accompanied the process of industrialisation, and was intended by the manufactu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strict Liability
In criminal and civil law, strict liability is a standard of liability under which a person is legally responsible for the consequences flowing from an activity even in the absence of fault or criminal intent on the part of the defendant. Under the strict liability law, if the defendant possesses anything that is inherently dangerous, as specified under the "ultrahazardous" definition, the defendant is then strictly liable for any damages caused by such possession, no matter how careful the defendant is safeguarding them. In the field of torts, prominent examples of strict liability may include product liability, abnormally dangerous activities (e.g., blasting), intrusion onto another's land by livestock, and ownership of wild animals. Other than activities specified above (like ownership of wild animals, etc), US courts have historically considered the following activities as "ultrahazardous": # storing flammable liquids in quantity in an urban area # pile driving # ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Rivers Authority
The National Rivers Authority (NRA) was one of the forerunners of the Environment Agency of England and Wales, existing between 1989 and 1996. Before 1989 the regulation of the aquatic environment had largely been carried out by the ten regional water authorities (RWAs). The RWAs were responsible for the supply and distribution of drinking water, sewerage and sewage disposal, land drainage and flood risk management, fisheries, water quality management, pollution prevention, water resource management and many aspects of the management of aquatic ecology and some aspects of recreation. With the passing of the Water Act 1989, the ten water authorities in England and Wales were privatised by flotation on the stock market. They took the water supply, sewerage and sewage disposal activities into the privatised companies. The remaining duties remained with the newly created National Rivers Authority. The assets and the staff of the RWAs were divided up at privatisation between th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Act 2003
The Water Act 2003 (c 37) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The report ''Taking Water Responsibly'', published in March 1999, was a precursor of this Act. Part 1 Section 1 - Licences to abstract water This section came into force on 1 April 2006. Section 1(1) inserted section 24A of the Water Resources Act 1991. Section 2 - Restrictions on impounding This section came into force on 1 April 2006. Section 2(2) substituted new sections 25(1) and (1A) for section 25(1) of the Water Resources Act 1991. Section 2(5) inserted section 25(9) of the Water Resources Act 1991. Section 2(7) substituted section 64(1)(b) of the Water Resources Act 1991. Section 3 - Existing impounding works This section came into force on 1 April 2006. The words "the appropriate agency" were substituted for "the Environment Agency" and "the Agency", in each place where they occurred, by article 4(1) of, and paragraph 415 of, of Schedule 2 to the Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environment Agency
The Environment Agency (EA) is a non-departmental public body, established in 1996 and sponsored by the United Kingdom government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England (and until 2013 also Wales). Based in Bristol, the Environment Agency is responsible for flood management, regulating land and water pollution, and conservation. Roles and responsibilities Purpose The Environment Agency's stated purpose is, "to protect or enhance the environment, taken as a whole" so as to promote "the objective of achieving sustainable development" (taken from the Environment Act 1995, section 4). Protection of the environment relates to threats such as flood and pollution. The vision of the agency is of "a rich, healthy and diverse environment for present and future generations". Scope The Environment Agency's remit covers almost the whole of England, about 13 million&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
