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War Shipping Administration
The War Shipping Administration (WSA) was a World War II emergency war agency of the US government, tasked to purchase and operate the civilian shipping tonnage the United States needed for fighting the war. Both shipbuilding under the Maritime Commission and ship allocation under the WSA to Army, Navy or civilian needs were closely coordinated though Vice Admiral Emory S. Land who continued as head of the Maritime Commission while also heading the WSA. Establishment A shortage of vessels further complicated by requirements to take vessels out of service for conversion and armament was of concern at the highest levels, including the President. Particular concern that available shipping would not be used effectively led to his establishment immediately on the nation's active entry into the war of the Strategic Shipping Board composed of the Chairman of the Maritime Commission, Army Chief of Staff, Chief of Naval Operations and Mr. Harry Hopkins reporting directly to the Presiden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WSA Photo 4235
WSA may refer to: * van der Waals surface area * War Shipping Administration, part of the US government responsible for building cargo ships in World War II * Weapon storage area, a maximum security part of an ammunition depot where nuclear weapons are stored * West Allerton railway station, Liverpool, England (station code) * Western Sahara Authority * Western Soccer Alliance * Western Sydney Airport, an international airport currently under construction * Wilderness study area * Windows Socket API, Microsoft's implementation of Berkeley sockets * Windows Subsystem for Android, a compatibility layer for Android apps in Windows 11 * Women's Squash Association, the governing body for the women's professional squash circuit and the women's world rankings * Worker Student Alliance, a division of Students for a Democratic Society, sometimes referred to as SDS-WSA * Workers' Solidarity Alliance * World Service Authority * World Summit Award * WSA Process The wet sulfuric acid proces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merchant Marine Act Of 1936
The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 is a United States federal law. Its purpose is "to further the development and maintenance of an adequate and well-balanced American merchant marine, to promote the commerce of the United States, to aid in the national defense, to repeal certain former legislation, and for other purposes." Specifically, it established the United States Maritime Commission, and required a United States Merchant Marine that: * can carry all domestic water-borne commerce, * can carry a substantial portion of foreign commerce, * can serve as a naval auxiliary in time of war or national emergency, * is owned and operated under the U.S. flag by U.S. citizens "insofar as may be practicable," * is composed of the best-equipped, safest, and most suitable types of vessels, * consists of vessels constructed in the United States, and * consists of vessels manned with a trained and efficient citizen personnel. The Act restricted the number of aliens allowed to work on passeng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II United States Merchant Navy
World War II United States Merchant Navy was the largest civilian Navy in the world, which operated during World War II. With the United States fighting a world war in all the world oceans, the demand for cargo and fuel was very high. Cargo and fuel was needed around the world for the United States Navy, United States Army, United States Marine Corps, United States Army Air Forces, United States Coast Guard and the support of the allied nations of the United States. American steamship companies chartered ships from the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration to meet the demand. Many United States Merchant Marine ships were newly built in the Emergency Shipbuilding Program, other ships were older World War I ships that were put back in service, or private ships acquired under Emergency war requisitions. The Merchant Navy operated in the Pacific War and European war. Over 200 US Merchant ships took part in the D-day Normandy landings. To make a Normandy breakwater Har ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Merchant Marine
United States Merchant Marines are United States civilian mariners and U.S. civilian and federally owned merchant vessels. Both the civilian mariners and the merchant vessels are managed by a combination of the government and private sectors, and engage in commerce or transportation of goods and services in and out of the navigable waters of the United States. The Merchant Marine primarily transports domestic and international cargo and passengers during peacetime, and operate and maintain deep-sea merchant ships, tugboats, towboats, ferry, ferries, dredger, dredges, excursion vessels, charter boats and other waterborne craft on the oceans, the Great Lakes, rivers, canals, harbors, and other waterways. In times of war, the Merchant Marine can be an auxiliary to the United States Navy, and can be called upon to deliver military personnel and materiel for the military. In the 19th and 20th centuries, various laws fundamentally changed the course of American merchant shipping. Thes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combined Shipping Adjustment Board
The Combined Shipping Adjustment Board or Combined Shipping Board was a joint American-British war agency 1942-45 nominally in charge of commercial shipping. It proved ineffective as much more powerful boards, such as the Combined Munitions Assignments Board, ignored it. The U.S. Army and Navy controlled most shipping and refused to share responsibility with the Board as did the powerful War Shipping Administration. For practical purposes the agency was inactive by spring 1943. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill set it up in January 1942 with a 6-point mandate:''Keesing's Contemporary Archives'' Volume IV, January, 1942 p. 5001 : 1. In principle the shipping resources of the two countries will be deemed to be pooled. The fullest information will be interchanged. : 2. Owing to the military and physical facts of the situation around the British Isles, the entire movement of shipping now under the control of Great Britain will continue to be direc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Magic Carpet
Operation Magic Carpet was the post- World War II operation by the War Shipping Administration to repatriate over eight million American military personnel from the European, Pacific, and Asian theaters. Hundreds of Liberty ships, Victory ships, and troop transports began repatriating soldiers from Europe in June 1945. Beginning in October 1945, over 370 navy ships were used for repatriation duties in the Pacific. Warships, such as aircraft carriers, battleships, hospital ships, and large numbers of assault transports were used. The European phase of Operation Magic Carpet concluded in February 1946 while the Pacific phase continued until September 1946. Planning As early as mid-1943, the United States Army had recognized that, once the war was over, bringing the troops home would be a priority. More than 16 million Americans were in uniform; and more than eight million of them were scattered across all theaters of war worldwide. Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS California (1928)
SS ''California'' was the World's first major ocean liner built with turbo-electric transmission. When launched in 1927 she was also the largest merchant ship yet built in the US, although she was a modest size compared with the biggest European liners of her era. In 1938 ''California'' was renamed SS ''Uruguay''. From 1942 to 1946 she was operated through agents by the War Shipping Administration as the troopship ''Uruguay''. She was returned to civilian service as SS ''Uruguay'' in 1948, laid up in 1954 and scrapped in 1964. Building ''California'' was the first of three sister ships built by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Newport News, Virginia for the Panama Pacific Lines, a subsidiary of American Line Steamship Corporation which was a part of J. P. Morgan's International Mercantile Marine Coompany. ''California'' was the largest American built passenger liner at the time. The ship's keel was laid 20 March 1926 as hull number 325, launched on 1 October ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Monterey
SS is an abbreviation for '' Schutzstaffel'', a paramilitary organisation in Nazi Germany. SS, Ss, or similar may also refer to: Places *Guangdong Experimental High School (''Sheng Shi'' or ''Saang Sat''), China * Province of Sassari, Italy (vehicle plate code) * South Sudan (ISO 3166-1 code SS) *SS postcode area, UK, around Southend-on-Sea * San Sebastián, Spanish city Arts, entertainment, and media *SS (band), an early Japanese hardcore punk band * ''SS'' (manga), a Japanese comic 2000-2003 *SS Entertainment, a Korean entertainment company *''S.S.'', for Sosthenes Smith, H. G. Wells pseudonym for story ''A Vision of the Past'' *SS, the production code for the 1968 ''Doctor Who'' serial ''The Wheel in Space'' *''Sesame Street'', American kids' TV show Language *Ss (digraph) used in Pinyin * ß or ss, a German-language ligature * switch-reference in linguistics *''Scilicet'', used as a section sign * (''in the strict sense'') in Latin * Swazi language (ISO 639-1 code "ss") ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Mariposa (1931)
SS ''Mariposa'' was a luxury ocean liner launched in 1931, one of four ships in the Matson Lines "White Fleet", which included , , and . She was later renamed SS ''Homeric''. Building The Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation built ''Mariposa'' at Quincy, Massachusetts, completing her in December 1931. Her registered length was , her beam was , and her depth was . As built, her tonnages were and . She had twin screws, each driven by three steam turbines via single reduction gearing. Career with Matson Lines ''Mariposa'' was designed for service in the Pacific Ocean, including regular stops in ports along the West Coast of the United States, Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, New Zealand, and Australia. Her maiden voyage began 16 January 1932 in New York City, where she sailed to Havana, transited the Panama Canal, and berthed in the Port of Los Angeles before continuing on to tour 10 more countries in the south and west Pacific. War service In World War II, she operated under the War Shippi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Lurline (1932)
SS ''Lurline'' was the third Matson Lines vessel to hold that name and the last of four fast and luxurious ocean liners that Matson built for the Hawaii and Australasia runs from the West Coast of the United States. ''Lurline''s sister ships were , and . ''Lurline'' served as a troopship in World War II operated by War Shipping Administration agents serving Army troop transport requirements. Bought by the Chandris Lines in 1963 as the RHMS ''Ellinis'' the ship became one of the most important luxury cruise ships on the Australian and New Zealand services. She operated in Australasia and Oceania until 1980. The sister ships of the SS Lurline were the SS Palo Alto and SS Oakland. History As ''Lurline'' (1932) SS ''Lurline'' was christened on 12 July 1932 in Quincy, Massachusetts, by Lurline Matson Roth for the Matson Lines' Pacific services. ''Lurline'' was the last of the four American-built Matson "White Fleet" liners designed by William Francis Gibbs; Roth, the daughter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MS Kungsholm (1928)
MS ''Kungsholm'' was an ocean liner built in Germany by Blohm & Voss for the Swedish American Line from 1928 to 1941 on transatlantic services from Gothenburg to New York City as well as cruising out of New York. In Second World War the US Government requisitioned it as the troopship ''John Ericsson''. After the war the Italian Home Lines bought her, renamed her ''Italia'' and operated her as a transatlantic liner and cruise ship. In the 1960s she changed hands again to become the hotel ship ''Imperial Bahama''. She was scrapped in Spain in 1965. Trans-Atlantic passenger service ''Kungsholm'' operated on the transatlantic service with some cruise operations just prior to World War II. In June 1938, as flagship of the Swedish American Line, she visited Wilmington, Delaware with the Crown Prince Gustaf VI Adolf and Crown Princess Louise of Sweden, members of the Royal Swedish Commission, the Commission of the Republic of Finland and tourists aboard. The visit was in honor of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Brazil (1928)
SS ''Brazil'' was a US turbo-electric ocean liner. She was completed in 1928 as ''Virginia'', and refitted and renamed ''Brazil'' in 1938. From 1942 to 1946 she was the War Shipping Administration operated troopship ''Brazil''. She was laid up in 1958 and scrapped in 1964. Building ''Virginia'' was the second of three sister ships built by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Newport News, Virginia for the American Line Steamship Corporation, which at the time was part of J. P. Morgan's International Mercantile Marine Co. She joined which was launched in 1927 in the fleet of American Lines' Panama Pacific Lines subsidiary. A third sister, ''Pennsylvania'', was launched in 1929. The ship's keel was laid 14 November 1927 as hull number 326 with launch 18 August 1928 and delivery to the owner on 28 November 1928. ''Virginia'' sailed under the line's senior captain, H. A. T. Candy, from New York on 8 December arriving in San Francisco on 24 December 1928. ''Virgi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
