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Wareru
Wareru (, , ; also known as Wagaru; 20 March 1253 – ) was the founder of the Martaban Kingdom, located in present-day Myanmar (Burma). By using both diplomatic and military skills, he successfully carved out a Mon-speaking polity in Lower Burma, during the collapse of the Pagan Empire (Bagan Empire) in the 1280s. Wareru was assassinated in 1307 but his line ruled the kingdom until its fall in the mid-16th century. Wareru, a commoner, seized the governorship of Martaban (Mottama) in 1285, and after receiving the backing of the Sukhothai Kingdom, he went on to declare independence from Pagan in 1287. In 1295–1296, he and his ally Tarabya, the self-proclaimed king of Pegu (Bago), decisively defeated a major invasion by Pagan. Wareru eliminated Tarabya soon after, and emerged as the sole ruler of three Mon-speaking provinces of Bassein, Pegu and Martaban 1296. With his domain now much enlarged, Wareru sought and received recognition by Yuan China in 1298. Although he ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarabya Of Pegu
Tarabya of Pegu (; , ) was the self-proclaimed List of rulers of Pegu, king of Pegu (modern Bago, Myanmar) from 1287 to 1296. He was one of several regional strongmen who emerged after the fall of the Pagan Kingdom, Pagan Empire in 1287. Initially, Tarabya was allied with Wareru, the strongman of the nearby Martaban province. But after their decisive victory over Pagan in 1295–1296, the alliance turned into an intense rivalry, which culminated in the two men fighting a elephant duel, duel on elephant-back about two years later. Tarabya was defeated, and after a brief stay in Mottama, Martaban (Mottama), executed. Background Tarabya was originally a commoner by the name of Burmese name, Nga Pa-Mun (ငပမွန်, ),Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 253Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 148Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 359 or A-Che-Mun (အချဲမွန်, ).A-Che-Mun per (Pan Hla 2005: 30). (Phayre 1873: 41) transliterates his name as Akhyemwan. His ascent to power was accidental. He was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wareru Dhammathat
The ''Wareru Dhammathat'' (, ; also known as Wagaru Dhammathat or Code of Wareru) is one of the oldest extant ''dhammathats'' (legal treatises) of Myanmar (Burma). It was compiled in the 1290s in Mon language, Mon at the behest of King Wareru of Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Martaban. Modeled after the Hindu legal treatise ''Manusmriti'', the Code expounds mostly Pagan Kingdom, Pagan era Burmese customary law; it contains less than 5% of the content of the ''Manusmriti''. The Code was the basic law of the Mon-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century when it was adopted by the conquering First Toungoo Empire. Translated into Burmese, Pali and Siamese, it became the basic law of the empire. The Code was adapted into the later ''dhammathats'' of the successor states of the empire. In Siam, the Code coexisted alongside other Siamese legal codes, and became the core portion of the Siamese Legal Code of 1805. In Burma, the Code was revised "to support Burmese customary law with explicitly Budd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hkun Law
Hkun Law (, , ; also spelled Khun Law; also Binnya Khon-Law; 1254–1311) was king of Martaban from 1307 to 1311. He succeeded the throne after the death of his brother Wareru, who left no male heir. Though Law gained the recognition of Martaban's overlord Sukhothai, he could not establish any control beyond the capital Martaban (Mottama). He was powerless to defend the Sittaung valley from raids by the Lan Na kingdom. His nominal vassals ruled like sovereigns. In 1311, he was assassinated by the troops of his brother-in-law Gov. Min Bala of Myaungmya, who placed his son (and Law's nephew) Saw O on the throne. Most of the monarchs of the Wareru dynasty that ruled the Mon-speaking Lower Burma until the mid-16th century were descended from Law. Early life The future king was born Ma Gada (, ) in Donwun on 27 March 1254.The ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle (Pan Hla 2005: 37) says he was born on Friday, 7th waxing of Late Tagu 635 (''Thursday'', 15 March 1274). But 635 ME was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Hnin Theindya
May Hnin Theindya (, ) was a principal queen consort of King Tarabya of Pegu (Bago) from 1293 to 1296. She was the only known child of King Wareru of Martaban, and may have been a granddaughter of King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai. Theindya was torn between her husband and her father, who were rival strongmen in present-day Lower Myanmar. It was she who told her father of Tarabya's plan to assassinate him 1296. But when her father ordered Tarabya's execution, she unsuccessfully tried to save her husband. Early life Theindya was born 1281 to Princess May Hnin Thwe-Da of Sukhothai and her commoner husband Ma Gadu in Tagaw Wun, then part of the Pagan Empire. According to Mon chronicles, her mother was a daughter of King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai, who had eloped with Gadu, then a foreign-born captain of royal elephant stables at the Sukhothai palace.Pan Hla 2005: 19–20 (However, the narrative may be a legend,Coedes 1968: 205 or "a trope" to link the early kings of Martab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Hnin Thwe-Da
May Hnin Thwe-Da (; , ; also spelled "မည်နှင်းသွယ်ဒါ", "Mi Hnin Thwe-Da"; , , "Lady Soidao") was the chief queen consort of King Wareru of Martaban. The queen was a daughter of King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai. Circa 1281/82, while her father the king was away on a campaign, Princess Thwe-Da eloped with Wareru, a captain of the royal palace guards.Pan Hla 2005: 19 The couple fled to Wareru's native Tagaw Wun village (present-day Bilin Township, Mon State in Myanmar), then part of the neighboring Bagan Kingdom.Pan Hla 2005: 20 Her husband later seized the local governorship of Martaban (Mottama).Pan Hla 2005: 21, 23 Thwe-Da became the chief queen consort of Martaban in 1287 when her husband officially revolted against Bagan with her father's support.Pan Hla 2005: 24–25 The rebellion was successful, and her husband went on to consolidate all three Mon-speaking regions of Lower Burma in the 1290s.Pan Hla 2005: 33–34 Thwe-Da and Wareru had at lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shin Saw Hla
Shin Saw Hla (, ) was a principal queen consort of King Wareru of Martaban. She became Wareru's wife 1293 when her father Tarabya of Pegu Tarabya of Pegu (; , ) was the self-proclaimed List of rulers of Pegu, king of Pegu (modern Bago, Myanmar) from 1287 to 1296. He was one of several regional strongmen who emerged after the fall of the Pagan Kingdom, Pagan Empire in 1287. Init ..., and Wareru entered into an alliance by marrying each other's daughter.Pan Hla 2005: 30 The alliance fell apart a few years later 1296 when her husband defeated and executed her father.Pan Hla 2005: 32 Nonetheless, she apparently remained a queen consort of Wareru since chronicles do not explicitly say that she was removed from position. References Bibliography * {{s-end Queens consort of Hanthawaddy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laik-Gi
Laik-Gi (, ) was governor of Pegu in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. He became governor of the province 1296 after his overlord King Wareru of Martaban had defeated the self-proclaimed king of Pegu Tarabya.Pan Hla 2005: 31 Prior to the appointment, Laik-Gi had served as the chief minister of Wareru's upstart Mon-speaking kingdom since its founding in 1287. He also led the diplomatic mission to the court of King Ram Khamhaeng Ramkhamhaeng (, ) or commonly known as Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng Maharat (, ) was the third king of the Phra Ruang Dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom (a historical kingdom of Thailand) from 1279 to 1298, during its most prosperous era. He is c ... of Sukhothai in 1286–1287 that secured Sukhothai's backing of Wareru's plan to declare independence from the Pagan Empire.Pan Hla 2005: 24–25 Chronicles do not state when Laik-Gi's term at Pegu ended. References Bibliography * {{s-end Hanthawaddy dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleimma Of Martaban
Aleimma (, ) was governor of Martaban (Mottama), then a Lower Burma province of the Pagan Empire, from 1259 to 1285. Appointed to the office by King Narathihapate, Aleimma proved a loyal governor of the southern province until the 1280s. But when Pagan was fighting a losing war against Mongol invaders in the country's north, he like other vassal rulers in the south began planning to break away. However, the governor himself was assassinated by a local chief named Ma Gadu, who went on to declare independence from Pagan two years later. Brief In the late 1250s, Aleimma was an official at the court of King Narathihapate (r. 1256–1287) in Pagan (Bagan). He hailed from a line of court ministers that included the 12th century Minister Aleimma, who served at the court of King Sithu I.Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 341 In early 1259,The ''Maha Yazawin'' chronicle (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 238) says the king, having reigned for two years, sent two armies to Missagiri and Martaban on Thursda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon People
The Mon (; Thai Mon: ဂကူမည်; , ; , ) are an ethnic group who inhabit Lower Myanmar's Mon State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Tanintharyi Region, Bago Region, the Irrawaddy Delta, and several areas in Thailand (mostly in Pathum Thani province, Phra Pradaeng and Nong Ya Plong). The native language is Mon, which belongs to the Monic branch of the Austroasiatic language family and shares a common origin with the Nyah Kur language, which is spoken by the people of the same name that live in Northeastern Thailand. A number of languages in Mainland Southeast Asia are influenced by the Mon language, which is also in turn influenced by those languages. The Mon were one of the earliest to reside in Southeast Asia, and were responsible for the spread of Theravada Buddhism in Mainland Southeast Asia. The civilizations founded by the Mon were some of the earliest in Thailand as well as Myanmar and Laos. The Mon are regarded as a large exporter of Southeast Asian cultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukhothai Kingdom
The Sukhothai Kingdom was a post-classical Siamese kingdom (Mandala (political model), ''maṇḍala'') in Mainland Southeast Asia surrounding the ancient capital city of Sukhothai Historical Park, Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thailand. It evolved from a trading hub to a city-state in 1127 and emerged into the kingdom by Si Inthrathit in 1238. Sukhothai existed as an independent polity until 1438 when it fell under the influence of the neighboring Ayutthaya Kingdom, Ayutthaya after the death of Maha Thammaracha IV, Borommapan (Maha Thammaracha IV). Sukhothai was originally a trade center in Lavo Kingdom, Lavo—itself under the suzerainty of the Khmer Empire from 946–1052—when Thai people, Central Thai people led by Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, a local leader, revolted and gained their independence. Bang Klang Hao took the regnal name of Si Inthrathit and became the first monarch of the List of Thai monarchs#Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438), Phra Ruang dynasty. The ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Pegu
This is a list of rulers of Bago, Myanmar, Pegu (Bago), one of the three main Mon language, Mon-speaking provinces, located on the south-central coast of modern Myanmar. This is not a list of monarchs of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, who ruled Lower Burma from Pegu during three separate periods (1369–1539, 1550–1552, 1740–1757). Backgrounder Various Mon language Burmese chronicles, chronicles state different foundation dates of Pegu (Bago), ranging from 573 CE to 1152 CE.A version of the 18th century chronicle ''Slapat Rajawan'' as reported by Arthur Purves Phayre, Arthur Phayre (Phayre 1873: 32) states that the settlement was founded in 1116 Buddhist calendar, Buddhist Era (572/573 CE). But another version of the ''Slapat'', used by P.W. Schmidt (Schmidt 1906: 20, 101), states that it was founded on 1st waxing of Tabodwe, Mak (Tabodwe) 1116 BE ( 19 January 573 CE), which it says is equivalent to year 514 of "the third era", without specifying what the era specifically was. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martaban
Mottama (, ; Muttama , ; formerly Martaban) is a town in the Thaton District of Mon State, Myanmar. Located on the west bank of the Thanlwin river (Salween), on the opposite side of Mawlamyaing, Mottama was the capital of the Martaban Kingdom (later known as Hanthawaddy Kingdom) from 1287 to 1364, and an entrepôt of international repute until the mid-16th century. Etymology "Mottama" derives from the Mon language term "Mumaw" (; ), which means "rocky spur." History Prior to 15th century From the 2nd century BCE to the 15th century CE, Martaban was an important trading port. The historic Maritime Silk Road connected the East and West, and Martaban storage jars were imported through this trade route. The earliest evidence of the existence of Martaban in Myanmar history was revealed in an inscription erected by King Sithu II of the Bagan Empire in 1176. The ancient city was called Sampanago (Campа̄nа̄ga, lit. City of Serpents) or Puñjaluin in the Mon language. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
