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Vindonius Anatolius
Vindonius Anatolius Berytius (Greek: Ανατόλιος ό Βηρύτιος), also known as Anatolius of Berytus, was a Phoenician author of the 4th century in Lebanon. He may be identical with the praetorian prefect of Illyricum mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus. He was the author of a "collection of agricultural practices" based on numerous earlier authors including Julius Africanus, pseudo-Democritus, pseudo-Apuleius, the Quinctilii, Florentinus and Tarentinus. Except for a few fragments, the work of Vindonius is lost. Evidence of its contents includes: * It was the major source of the 6th-century work of Cassianus Bassus' ''Eclogae de re rustica'', which is also lost but was excerpted in the ''Geoponica'', a surviving 10th-century text. * Photius included a notice of Vindonius's work in his ''Bibliotheca'' (codex 163). * A Syriac translation was made in the 6th or 7th century, and Arabic and Armenian translations were made from this in the 9th and 10th centuries. * One p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beirut
Beirut ( ; ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, just under half of Lebanon's population, which makes it the List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, fourth-largest city in the Levant region and the List of largest cities in the Arab world, sixteenth-largest in the Arab world. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. Beirut has been inhabited for more than 5,000 years, making it one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world. Beirut is Lebanon's seat of government and plays a central role in the Economy of Lebanon, Lebanese economy, with many banks and corporations based in the city. Beirut is an important Port of Beirut, seaport for the country and region, and rated a Global City, Beta- World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Beirut was severely damaged by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoponica
The ''Geoponica'' or ''Geoponika'' () is a twenty-book collection of agricultural lore, compiled during the 10th century in Constantinople for the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. The Greek word ''Geoponica'' signifies "agricultural pursuits" in its widest sense. It is the only surviving Byzantine agricultural work. During the Macedonian Renaissance, the emperor Constantine VII assembled several compendia - compilations and excerpts of ancient writings - of which Geoponika was one. Around 50 manuscripts, dating from between the 10th and 16th centuries, have survived. ''Geoponika'' incorporated the work of Cassianus Bassus, which was compiled from an earlier work by Vindonius Anatolius. Sources The 10th century collection is sometimes (wrongly) ascribed to the 7th century author Cassianus Bassus, whose collection, also titled ''Geoponica'', was integrated into the extant work. Bassus drew heavily on the work of another agricultural compiler, Vindonius Ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoponici
Geoponici (the Latinized form of a nonexistent Γεωπονικοί, used for convenience), or ''Scriptores rei rusticae'', is a collective term for the Greek literature, Greek and Latin literature, Latin writers on husbandry and agriculture. In classical times this topic was regarded as a branch of economics. Greek writers From the writing of the Roman Varro, it is known that there were more than fifty ancient Greek authors on the subject of agriculture. Among them were Hesiod, Xenophon, Democritus, Aristotle and his pupil Theophrastus. Most of the works Varro enumerated have been lost. What we know of the agriculture of Greece is chiefly derived from the poem of Hesiod, entitled ''Works and Days''. All that remain of Democritus are only a few extracts preserved in the ''Geoponica'', an agricultural treatise published at Constantinople by the Greeks of the 10th century. The ''Oeconomicus'' by Xenophon is a Socratic dialogue principally about household management and agriculture, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th-century Phoenician People
The 4th century was the time period from 301 CE (represented by the Roman numerals CCCI) to 400 CE (CD) in accordance with the Julian calendar. In the West, the early part of the century was shaped by Constantine the Great, who became the first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity. Gaining sole reign of the empire, he is also noted for re-establishing a single imperial capital, choosing the site of ancient Byzantium in 330 (over the current capitals, which had effectively been changed by Diocletian's reforms to Milan in the West, and Nicomedeia in the East) to build the city soon called Nova Roma (New Rome); it was later renamed Constantinople in his honor. The last emperor to control both the eastern and western halves of the empire was Theodosius I. As the century progressed after his death, it became increasingly apparent that the empire had changed in many ways since the time of Augustus. The two-emperor system originally established by Diocletian in the previous century fel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul De Lagarde
Paul Anton de Lagarde (2 November 1827 – 22 December 1891) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist, sometimes regarded as one of the greatest orientalists of the 19th century. Lagarde's anti-Semitism, anti-Slavism, and aversion to traditional Christianity are viewed as having been among the most influential precursors of Nazism. Life and career Paul Bötticher was born in Berlin to Johann Friedrich Wilhelm and Luise Bötticher. His father was a philologist who taught languages at the Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium. 18-year old Luise died days after Paul was born. A bereft Wilhelm blamed his newborn son for the loss and treated him miserably. His woeful upbringing led him to feel nothing upon his father's death. Two maternal aunts nurtured Paul emotionally and financially. Ernestine de Lagarde was Luise's aunt, and she eventually adopted Paul. Bötticher attended Humboldt University of Berlin from 1844–6 where he studied Oriental languages, theology, and philosophy und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gianfranco Fiaccadori
Gianfranco Fiaccadori (16 October 1957 – 24 January 2015) was an Italian historian. By training a Byzantinist, he also studied and published in Oriental studies and Ethiopian studies. Fellow historian Alessandro Bausi called him "one of the last humanists in the broadest sense, intimately familiar with everything from classical to Christian antiquities, through Late Antiquity, Byzantium, the Middle Ages, and beyond".Alessandro Bausi"Obituary: Gianfranco Fiaccadori (1957–2015)" ''Scrinium'' 11 (2015): 3–4. Fiaccadori was born in Parma. By the age of seventeen, when he entered the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, he was fluent in Greek and Latin. He wrote his dissertation on the life of Gregentios, ''La ‘Vita’ di s. Gregenzio, vescovo dei Himyariti'', under the supervision of Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli and Vera von Falkenhausen, in 1978–79. He received his doctorate in 1983. Beginning in that year, he took part in archaeological excavations in Bosra, identifying and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliothèque Nationale
A library is a collection of books, and possibly other materials and media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or digital (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location, a virtual space, or both. A library's collection normally includes printed materials which may be borrowed, and usually also includes a reference section of publications which may only be utilized inside the premises. Resources such as commercial releases of films, television programmes, other video recordings, radio, music and audio recordings may be available in many formats. These include DVDs, Blu-rays, CDs, cassettes, or other applicable formats such as microform. They may also provide access to information, music or other content held on bibliographic databases. In addition, some libraries offer creation stations for makers which offer access to a 3D printing station with a 3D scanner. Libraries can vary widel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Language
Armenian (endonym: , , ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family. It is the native language of the Armenians, Armenian people and the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken in the Armenian highlands, today Armenian is also widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written in its own writing system, the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Saint Mesrop Mashtots. The estimated number of Armenian speakers worldwide is between five and seven million. History Classification and origins Armenian is an independent branch of the Indo-European languages. It is of interest to linguists for its distinctive phonological changes within that family. Armenian exhibits Centum and satem languages, more satemization than centumization, although it is not classified as belonging to either of these subgroups. Some linguists tentatively conclude that Armenian, Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Language
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syriac Language
The Syriac language ( ; ), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (), the Mesopotamian language () and Aramaic (), is an Aramaic#Eastern Middle Aramaic, Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization, distinguishing it from other Aramaic dialects also known as 'Syriac' or 'Syrian'. In its West-Syriac Rite, West-Syriac tradition, Classical Syriac is often known as () or simply , or , while in its East-Syriac Rite, East-Syriac tradition, it is known as () or (). It emerged during the first century AD from a local Eastern Aramaic languages, Eastern Aramaic dialect that was spoken in the ancient region of Osroene, centered in the city of Edessa. During the Early Christian period, it became the main literary language of various Aramaic-speaking Christian communities in the historical region of Syria (region), Ancient Syria and throughout the Near East. As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photios I Of Constantinople
Photius I of Constantinople (, ''Phōtios''; 815 – 6 February 893), also spelled ''Photius''Fr. Justin Taylor, essay "Canon Law in the Age of the Fathers" (published in Jordan Hite, T.O.R., and Daniel J. Ward, O.S.B., "Readings, Cases, Materials in Canon Law - A Textbook for Ministerial Students, Revised Edition" ollegeville, Minn., The Liturgical Press, 1990, p. 61 (), was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886. He is recognized in the Eastern Orthodox Church as Saint Photius the Great. Photius I is widely regarded as the most powerful and influential church leader of Constantinople subsequent to John Chrysostom's archbishopric around the turn of the fifth century. He is also viewed as the most important intellectual of his time – "the leading light of the ninth-century renaissance". He was a central figure in both the conversion of the Slavs to Christianity and the Photian schism, and is considered " e great systematic compiler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassianus Bassus
Cassianus Bassus, called Scholasticus (lawyer), was one of the , a group of Greek and Latin writers on agricultural subjects. He lived at the end of the 6th or the beginning of the 7th century. Bassus compiled from earlier writers a collection of agricultural literature; the principal source was Vindonius Anatolius. Dedicated to his son, also called Bassus, his work was entitled ''Eklogai peri georgias'' ("Selections on farming"); the usual Latin version of this title is ''Eclogae de re rustica''. The original Greek text of Cassianus Bassus has been lost, but some of the contents have survived as part of a collection entitled ''Geoponica'', completed about the year 950 and dedicated to the emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. It contains a full list of the authorities drawn upon, and the subjects treated include agriculture, birds, bees, horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, fishes and the like. In addition, a 7th-century Middle Persian translation and two different Arabic language tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
