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Velké Hamry
Velké Hamry () is a town in Jablonec nad Nisou District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,700 inhabitants. Administrative division Velké Hamry consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Velké Hamry (2,464) *Bohdalovice (153) Etymology The town's name literally means "big hammer mills" and refers to hammer mills, which stood here probably in the 13th and 14th centuries. Geography Velké Hamry is located about east of Jablonec nad Nisou. It lies in the Jizera Mountains. The highest point is the mountain Pustina at above sea level. The Kamenice River flows through the town. History In the area there were two hamlets called Dolení ("Lower") and Hoření ("Upper") Hamr. In 1914, the two hamlets were merged and created a new municipality named Velké Hamry. In 1926, it was promoted to a market town. In 1926, Bohdalovice and Svárov joined Velké Hamry. In 1968, Velké Hamry became a town. Demographics Tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obec
(, ; plural ) is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is " commune" or " community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities and towns are also municipalities. Definition The legal definition (according to the Czech code of law with similar definition in the Slovak code of law) is: ''"The municipality is a basic territorial self-governing community of citizens; it forms a territorial unit, which is defined by the boundary of the municipality."'' Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastral areas. Every municipality is also composed of one or more municipal parts (), which are usually town quarters or villages. A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms. Czech Republic Almost the entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities, with the only exception being military training areas. The smaller mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jizera Mountains
Jizera Mountains (), or Izera Mountains (; ), are part of the Western Sudetes on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The range got its name from the Jizera (river), Jizera River, which rises at the southern base of the Smrk (Jizera), Smrk massif. The Fagus sylvatica, beech forests within the Jizera Mountains were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, because of their outstanding preservation and testimony to the ecological history of Europe (and the beech family specifically) since the Last Glacial Period. Geography The range stretches from the Lusatian Mountains (Zittau Mountains) in the northwest to the Krkonoše in the southeast. The Jizera Mountains comprise the sources of the Jizera river, as well as of the Kwisa and the Lusatian Neisse. The major part in the south is formed from granite, in the northern part from gneisses and mica schists, with some areas formed from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
České Dráhy
České dráhy (English: ''Czech Railways''), often shortened to ČD, is the major Rail transport, railway operator in the Czech Republic providing regional and long-distance services. The company was established in January 1993, shortly after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, as a successor of the Czechoslovak State Railways. It is a member of the International Union of Railways, International Railway Union (UIC Country Code for the Czech Republic is 54), the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies, and the Organization for Cooperation of Railways. With twenty-four thousand employeesAnnual Report of České dráhy, a.s. for the Year 2014, auditor Deloitte Audit s.r.o. ČD Group is the fifth largest Czech company by the number of employees. History In 1827–1836, the Budweis–Linz–Gmunden Horse-Drawn Railway, České Budějovice–Linz railway was built, which was the second Horsecar, horse-drawn railway in continental Europe was established. The first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanvald
Tanvald (; ) is a town in Jablonec nad Nisou District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,000 inhabitants. Administrative division Tanvald consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Tanvald (3,982) *Šumburk nad Desnou (1,592) *Žďár (251) Etymology The original German name ''Tannwald'' literally means 'fir forest'. The Czech name was created by transcription of the German name. Geography Tanvald is located about east of Jablonec nad Nisou. It lies in the Jizera Mountains. The highest point is the mountain Špičák at above sea level. The town is situated at the confluence of the rivers Kamenice (Jizera), Kamenice, which flows along the southern municipal border, and Desná (Kamenice), Desná, which flows across the eastern part of the municipal territory. History The first written mention of Tanvald is from 1586, when it was described as a lumbering settlement. In 1895, the village was promoted to a mark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Železný Brod
Železný Brod (; ) is a town in Jablonec nad Nisou District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,000 inhabitants. The Trávníky district of the town has well preserved folk architecture and is protected as a Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations, village monument reservation. Administrative division Železný Brod consists of 12 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Železný Brod (4,197) *Bzí (283) *Chlístov (147) *Horská Kamenice (113) *Hrubá Horka (267) *Jirkov (208) *Malá Horka (58) *Pelechov (134) *Splzov (45) *Střevelná (42) *Těpeře (203) *Veselí (37) Geography Železný Brod is located about southeast of Jablonec nad Nisou. It lies in the Giant Mountains Foothills. The highest point is at above sea level. The Jizera (river), Jizera River flows through the town. The Žernovník Stream flows into the Jizera through the northern part of the town. The Kamenice (Jizera), Kamenice River fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harrachov
Harrachov (; ) is a town in Jablonec nad Nisou District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic, close to the border with Poland. It has about 1,400 inhabitants. It is known as one of the most popular Czech ski resorts. Administrative division Harrachov consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Harrachov (503) *Mýtiny (16) *Nový Svět (788) *Ryžoviště (39) Geography Harrachov is located about east of Jablonec nad Nisou, on the border with Poland. It lies in the Giant Mountains. The highest point is the mountain Luboch at above sea level. Part of the municipal territory belongs to Krkonoše National Park. The Mumlava River flows through the town. Its confluence with the Jizera is situated on the municipal border. On the Mumlava there is the Mumlava Waterfall, the biggest and one of the most famous waterfalls in the Czech Republic. It has a flow rate of 800 L/s and a height of . Climate History Harrachov was establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turnov
Turnov (; ) is a town in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. It is a traditional centre for gemstone polishing, glass craftsmanship and arts. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Turnov lies near the Bohemian Paradise Protected Landscape Area which makes it a place for tourists and summer residents. The town is an important traffic crossroads. Turnov has a large museum, three galleries, six churches and a synagogue. The small old town of Middle Ages urbanism is surrounded by modern garden neighbourhoods and large parks representing an organic connection between urban areas and nature. Administrative division Turnov consists of 13 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Turnov (11,261) *Bukovina (131) *Daliměřice (1,148) *Dolánky u Turnova (33) *Hrubý Rohozec (39) *Kadeřavec (94) *Kobylka (109) *Loužek (9) *Malý Rohozec (308) *Mašov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Městys
Městys (or, unofficially or obsolete, městečko iterally "small town", translated as " market town", is a status conferred on certain municipalities in the Czech Republic, lying in terms of size and importance higher than that of simple ''obec'' (municipality) but lower than that of ''město'' (city, town). Historically, a ''městys'' was a locality that had the right to stage livestock markets (and some other "extraordinary" and annual markets), and it is therefore translated as "market town". The term went out of official use in Czechoslovakia in 1954 but was reintroduced in the Czech Republic in 2006. As of September 2020, there are 228 municipalities on which the status of ''městys'' has been re-admitted. In all cases, these are municipalities that have requested the return of their former title. This title has not been newly awarded to any municipality that would not have it in the past—the law does not even set any specific criteria for it, only procedural competenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamenice (Jizera)
The Kamenice () is a river in the Czech Republic, a right tributary of the Jizera (river), Jizera River. It flows through the Liberec Region. It is long. The Josefův Důl Reservoir is built on the river. Etymology Kamenice is a common Czech toponymy. The name is derived from the Czech word ''kamenný'', i.e. 'stony'. The river is named after the character of the river bed. The river is sometimes called Tanvaldská Kamenice to distinguish it from the eponymous rivers in the country. Characteristic The Kamenice originates in the territory of Bedřichov (Jablonec nad Nisou District), Bedřichov in the Jizera Mountains at an elevation of and flows to Semily-Spálov, where it enters the Jizera River at an elevation of . It is long. Its drainage basin has an area of . The longest tributaries of the Kamenice are: Course The river flows through the municipal territories of Bedřichov (Jablonec nad Nisou District), Bedřichov, Josefův Důl (Jablonec nad Nisou District), Josefův D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jablonec Nad Nisou
Jablonec nad Nisou (; ) is a city in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 46,000 inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region. It is a local centre for education, and is known for its glass and jewelry production, especially for Bijou (jewellery), bijou. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones, urban monument zone. Administrative division Jablonec nad Nisou consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Jablonec nad Nisou (25,274) *Jablonecké Paseky (2,550) *Kokonín (1,985) *Lukášov (272) *Mšeno nad Nisou (8,428) *Proseč nad Nisou (2,056) *Rýnovice (2,540) *Vrkoslavice (1,381) Etymology The name ''Jablonec'' is of Czech language, Czech origin and means 'little apple tree' (''jablonče'' was a diminutive of the old Czech ''jabloň'' – 'apple tree'), for the village was founded on a place where an apple tree grew. German-speak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regions Of The Czech Republic
Regions of the Czech Republic ( ; singular ) are higher-level territorial self-governing units of the Czech Republic. History The first regions (''kraje'') were created in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 14th century. At the beginning of the 15th century, Bohemia was already divided into 12 regions, but their borders were not fixed due to the frequent changes in the borders of the estates. During the reign of George of Poděbrady (1458–1471), Bohemia was divided into 14 regions, which remained so until 1714, when their number was reduced to 12 again. From 1751 to 1850, after the four largest regions were divided, the kingdom consisted of 16 regions. Between 1850 and 1862, there were several reforms and the number of regions fluctuated between 7 and 13. Due to the parallel establishment of political districts in 1848, however, their importance declined. In 1862, the regions were abolished, although the regional authorities had some powers until 1868. Moravia was divided into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammer Mill
A hammer mill, hammer forge or hammer works was a workshop in the pre-industrial era that was typically used to manufacture semi-finished, wrought iron products or, sometimes, finished agricultural or mining tools, or military weapons. The feature that gave its name to these workshops was the water-driven trip hammer, or set of hammers, used in the process. The shaft, or 'helve', of the hammer was pivoted in the middle and the hammer head was lifted by the action of cams set on a rotating camshaft that periodically depressed the end of the shaft. As it rose and fell, the head of the hammer described an arc. The face of the hammer was made of iron for durability. Hammer mills These mills, which were original driven by water wheels, but later also by steam power, became increasingly common as tools became heavier over time and therefore more difficult to manufacture by hand. The hammer mills smelted iron ore using charcoal in so-called bloomeries (Georgius Agricola 1556, ''Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
