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Vahan Terian
Vahan Terian (, real name Vahan Ter-Grigoryan; 9 February 1885 – 7 January 1920; Orenburg, Soviet Russia), was a prominent Armenian poet, lyricist, public and political figure. Born in Gandza, Terian attended the Lazarev Seminary in Moscow, Moscow State University, and Saint-Petersburg University, where he worked in various journals that shaped his literary work. Terian’s first poetry collection, ''Mtnshaghi Anourjner'' (“Twilight Dreams”) received positive feedback in literary circles. Other notable works include the collections "Night Remembrance," "The Golden Legend," "The Return," "The Golden Link," "In the Land of Nairi," and "The Cat's Paradise." Besides poetry, Terian’s contribution to literature includes translations of European, Russian, Indian, and Georgian literary works to Russian and Armenian. Terian translated Sappho, Baudelaire, Wilde, Bryusov, Rustaveli, and many others. In October 1917, Terian actively participated in the Bolshevik Revolution a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhalkalaki Uezd
The Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' was a county (''uezd'') of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Akhalkalak (present-day Akhalkalaki). The county bordered the Gori uezd, Gori ''uezd'' to the north, the Borchaly uezd, Borchaly ''uezd'' to the east, the Alexandropol uezd, Alexandropol ''uezd'' of the Erivan Governorate and the Kars Okrug, Kars and Ardahan Okrug, Ardahan ''okrugs'' of the Kars Oblast to the south, and the Akhaltsikhe uezd, Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'' to the west. The area of the county corresponded to part of the contemporary Samtskhe–Javakheti region of Georgia (country), Georgia. History The territory of the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'', then part of the Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'', entered into the Kutais Governorate of the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), Russo-Turkish War of 1828. By 1874, the Akhkalaki ''uezd' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valery Bryusov
Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov ( rus, Вале́рий Я́ковлевич Брю́сов, p=vɐˈlʲerʲɪj ˈjakəvlʲɪvʲɪdʑ ˈbrʲusəf, a=Valyeriy Yakovlyevich Bryusov.ru.vorb.oga; – 9 October 1924) was a Russian poet, prose writer, dramatist, translator, critic and historian. He was one of the principal members of the Russian Symbolist movement.Darko Suvin, "Bryusov,Valery" in Curtis C. Smith, '' Twentieth-Century Science-Fiction Writers''. Chicago, St. James, 1986. (pp. 840–41). Background Valery Bryusov was born on 13 December 1873 (1 December 1873 according to the old Julian calendar) into a merchant's family in Moscow. His parents were educated for their class and had some literary associations, but had little to do with his upbringing, leaving the boy largely to himself. He spent a great deal of time reading "everything that fell into ishands", including the works of Charles Darwin and Jules Verne, as well as various materialistic and scientific essays. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Heine
Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (; ; born Harry Heine; 13 December 1797 – 17 February 1856) was an outstanding poet, writer, and literary criticism, literary critic of 19th-century German Romanticism. He is best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry, which was set to music in the form of ''Lieder'' (art songs) by composers such as Robert Schumann and Franz Schubert. Heine's later verse and prose are distinguished by their satirical wit and irony. He is considered a member of the Young Germany movement. His radical political views led to many of his works being Censorship in Germany, banned by German authorities—which, however, only added to his fame. He spent the last 25 years of his life as an expatriate in Paris. Heine's early works, such as ''Letters from Berlin'' (1826) and ''Germany. A Winter's Tale'' (1828), gained widespread attention for their poetic expression, profound exploration of love, and satirical commentary on social phenomena. As a member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Question
The Armenian question was the debate following the Congress of Berlin in 1878 as to how the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire should be treated. The term became commonplace among diplomatic circles and in the popular press. In specific terms, the Armenian question refers to the protection and the freedoms of Armenians from their neighboring communities.''Armenian Studies: Études Arméniennes'' by Lebanese Association of Armenian University Graduates, pp. 4–6 The Armenian question explains the 40 years of Armenian–Ottoman history in the context of English, German, and Russian politics between 1877 and 1914. In 1915, the leadership of the Committee of Union and Progress, which controlled the Ottoman government, decided to end the Armenian question permanently by killing and expelling most Armenians from the empire, in the Armenian genocide. Background Following the French Revolution, nationalism movements globally also emerged in the Ottoman Empire from the 19th century onwar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derenik Demirchian
Derenik Karapeti Demirchian (; , 1877 – December 6, 1956) was a Soviet and Armenian writer, novelist, poet, translator and playwright. He began his career as a poet, but later transitioned into prose writing. He was a prolific writer whose works deal with a wide variety of subjects. He is perhaps best known for his historical novel ''Vardanank (novel), Vardanank'' (1943), which is a dramatization of the 5th-century Armenian rebellion led by Vardan Mamikonian. Life and career Early life and education Derenik Demirchian (originally Demirchoghlian) was born on February 18, 1877, in Akhalkalaki in the region of Javakheti in southern Georgia, then a part of the Russian Empire. He received his primary education at his hometown's Armenian parish school. Two years after finishing school, he moved to Ardahan (then a part of the Russian Empire, now in Turkey), where he continued his education under S. Ter-Meliksedekian. In 1892, he was accepted into the Gevorgian Seminary in Vaghars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikol Aghbalian
Nikol Poghosi Aghbalian (; 1875, Tiflis – 1947, Beirut) was an Armenian public figure and historian of literature, the editor of ''Horizon'' paper. Aghbalian was born in 1873 in Tbilisi. His primary education was in Tbilisi's Nersisyan school, followed by a seminary education. He studied at Moscow State University, then in Lausanne and Sorbonne, worked as a teacher in Agulis, Shusha and Tiflis, and headed the Armenian National college in Iran. In 1914 he returned to Russian Armenia and participated in the National Bureau, working with the survivors of Armenian genocide. In 1918-1920 he was a member of Parliament, and in 1919-1920 was appointed Minister of Education and Culture of the First Republic of Armenia. Armenian-American historian Richard G. Hovannisian describes Nikol Aghbalian in the second volume of ''The Republic of Armenia'':… Nikol Aghbalian was a gregarious intellectual and pedagogue whose restless disposition led him in many directions, including literary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepan Malkhasyants
Stepan Sargsi Malkhasyants (; – July 21, 1947) was an Armenian academician, philologist, linguist, and lexicographer. An expert in classical Armenian literature, Malkhasyants created the critical editions and translated the works of many classical Armenian historians into modern Armenian and contributed seventy years of his life to the advancement of the study of the Armenian language. Early life and education Malkhasyants was born in Akhaltsikh, in what was then Russian Georgia, in 1857. He received his primary education at the Karapetian Parochial school in Akhaltsikh. From 1874 to 1878, he attended the Gevorgian Seminary in Vagharshapat (current-day Echmiadzin). Malkhasiants was admitted to the department of Oriental studies at Saint Petersburg State University. He graduated in 1889 with an emphasis in Armenian-Sanskrit and Armenian- Georgian studies. Durgarian, K. G. s.v. "Malkhasiants, Stepan Sargsi," Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 7, p. 162. Following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hovhannes Tumanyan
Hovhannes Tumanyan (, classical spelling: Յովհաննէս Թումանեան, – March 23, 1923) was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the national poet of Armenia. Tumanyan wrote poems, quatrains, ballads, novels, fables, and critical and journalistic articles. His works were mostly written in the style of realism, frequently revolving around the everyday life of his time. Born in the historical village of Dsegh in the Lori region, at a young age Tumanyan moved to Tiflis, which was the centre of Armenian culture under the Russian Empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries. He soon became known to the wide Armenian society for his simple but very poetic works. Many films and animated films have been adapted from Tumanyan's works. Two operas, '' Anush'' (1912) by Armen Tigranian and '' Almast'' (1930) by Alexander Spendiaryan, were written based on his works. Biography Hovhannes Tumanyan was born on February 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepan Shaumian
Stepan Georgevich Shaumian (; ; 1 October 1878 – 20 September 1918) was an Armenian Bolshevik revolutionary and politician active throughout the Caucasus. His role as a leader of the Russian Revolution in the Caucasus earned him the nickname of the "Caucasian Lenin", a reference to Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. The founder and editor of several newspapers and journals, Shaumian is best known as the head of the Baku Commune, a short-lived committee appointed by Lenin in March 1918 with the task of leading the revolution in the Caucasus and West Asia. His tenure as leader of the Baku Commune was marred with numerous problems including ethnic violence between Baku's Armenian and Azerbaijani populations, attempting to defend the city against an advancing Turkish army, all the while attempting to spread the cause of the revolution throughout the region. Unlike many of the other Bolsheviks at the time, he preferred to resolve many of the conflicts he faced peacef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tbilisi
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი, ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), ( ka, ტფილისი, tr ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, located on the banks of the Kura (Caspian Sea), Kura River. With around 1.2 million inhabitants, it contains almost one third of the country's population. Tbilisi was founded in the fifth century Anno Domini, AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia and has since served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, it was the seat of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty, governing both the North Caucasus, northern and the South Caucasus, southern sides of the Caucasus. Because of its location at the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history, Tbilisi has been a point of contention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as inactive or latent tuberculosis. A small proportion of latent infections progress to active disease that, if left untreated, can be fatal. Typical symptoms of active TB are chronic cough with hemoptysis, blood-containing sputum, mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms. Tuberculosis is Human-to-human transmission, spread from one person to the next Airborne disease, through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze. People with latent TB do not spread the disease. A latent infection is more likely to become active in those with weakened I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born into a middle-class family in Simbirsk in the Russian Empire, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after Aleksandr Ulyanov, his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Alexander III of Russia, the tsar. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
