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Upper Oka Towns
In Russian historiography the term Upper Oka Principalities (russian: Верховские княжества - literally: "Upper Principalities") traditionally applies to about a dozen tiny and ephemeral polities situated along the upper course of the Oka River at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. Nowadays, the areas concerned lie within the bounds of the Tula Oblast and Kaluga Oblast of Russia. Following the Mongol invasion of Russia of 1223-1240, the formerly mighty Principality of Chernigov gradually degenerated to a point where the descendants of Mikhail of Chernigov (c. 1185 – 1246) ruled dozens of quasi-sovereign entities. As the principalities were wedged in between the ever-expanding Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the west and the nascent Grand Duchy of Moscow, Grand Duchy of Muscovy to the north, their rulers were constricted to continually fluctuate between these two major powers as buffer states. By the end of the 14th century, they were obliged to pay annual t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Historiography
This list of Russian historians includes the famous historians, as well as archaeologists, paleographers, genealogists and other representatives of auxiliary historical disciplines from the Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire and other predecessor states of Russia. Alphabetical list __NOTOC__ A * Friedrich von Adelung (1768-1843), historian and museologist, researched the European accounts of the Time of Troubles * Valery Alekseyev (1929-1991), anthropologist, proposed ''Homo rudolfensis'' * Mikhail Artamonov (1898-1972), historian and archaeologist, founder of modern Khazar studies, excavated a great number of Scythian and Khazar kurgans and settlements, including the fortress of Sarkel * Artemiy Artsikhovsky (1902-1978), archaeologist, discoverer of birch bark documents in Novgorod B * Vasily Bartold (1869-1930), turkologist, the ''"Gibbon of Turkestan"'', an archaeologist of Samarcand * Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1829-1897), 19th-century histori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
