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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1612
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1612, adopted unanimously on 26 July 2005, after recalling resolutions 1261 (1999), 1308 (2000), 1314 (2000), 1325 (2000), 1379 (2001), 1460 (2003) and 1539 (2004), the council established a monitoring and reporting mechanism on the use of child soldiers. More than 50 governments and rebel groups would be monitored after the passing of the resolution. Resolution Observations In the preamble of the resolution, the security council recognised progress in developing guidelines to protect children in armed conflict, but in practice, their rights were still violated with impunity and there was lack of progress on the ground. Furthermore, it highlighted connections between the use of children and illicit arms trafficking. Acts As with previous resolutions on the topic, the council condemned the use and recruitment of child soldiers. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to implement the following mechanism of reporting and monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Use Of Children
Children (defined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child as people under the age of 18) have been recruited for participation in military operations and campaigns throughout history and in many cultures. Children in the military, including state armed forces, non-state armed groups, and other military organizations, may be trained for combat, assigned to support roles such as porters or messengers, or used for tactical advantage as human shields or for political advantage in propaganda. Children are targeted for their susceptibility to influence, which renders them easier to recruit and control. While some are recruited by force, others choose to join up, often to escape poverty or because they expect military life to offer a rite of passage to maturity. Child soldiers who survive armed conflict frequently develop psychiatric illness, poor literacy and numeracy, and behavioral problems such as heightened aggression, which together lead to an increased risk of unemploym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1539
United Nations Security Council resolution 1539, adopted unanimously on 22 April 2004, after recalling resolutions United Nations Security Council Resolution 1261, 1261 (1999), United Nations Security Council Resolution 1308, 1308 (2000), United Nations Security Council Resolution 1314, 1314 (2000), United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, 1325 (2000), United Nations Security Council Resolution 1379, 1379 (2001) and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1460, 1460 (2003), the council condemned the use of military use of children, child soldiers and asked the Secretary-General to devise a monitoring mechanism. The resolution marked the first time the council had broadened the protection framework by identifying other categories of violations against children. Resolution Observations The security council remained concerned over the lack of progress towards the protection of children affected by war, armed conflict, though noted some advances in the areas of advocacy an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2005 United Nations Security Council Resolutions
5 (five) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number, and cardinal number, following 4 and preceding 6, and is a prime number. It has attained significance throughout history in part because typical humans have five digits on each hand. In mathematics 5 is the third smallest prime number, and the second super-prime. It is the first safe prime, the first good prime, the first balanced prime, and the first of three known Wilson primes. Five is the second Fermat prime and the third Mersenne prime exponent, as well as the third Catalan number, and the third Sophie Germain prime. Notably, 5 is equal to the sum of the ''only'' consecutive primes, 2 + 3, and is the only number that is part of more than one pair of twin primes, ( 3, 5) and (5, 7). It is also a sexy prime with the fifth prime number and first prime repunit, 11. Five is the third factorial prime, an alternating factorial, and an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1601 To 1700
This is a list of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1601 to 1700 adopted between 31 May 2005 and 10 August 2006. See also * Lists of United Nations Security Council resolutions * List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1501 to 1600 * List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1701 to 1800 {{DEFAULTSORT:United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1601 To 1700 *1601 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of International Instruments Relevant To The Worst Forms Of Child Labour
International instruments containing substantive provisions on ''all WFCL'' Instruments defining ''worst forms of child labour'' (WFCL) and containing substantive provisions on ''all WFCL'': *International Labour Organization **Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention: Definitions, and main provisions, binding states that have ratified the convention **Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation: Recommendation supplementing the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, but not binding on ratifying states Instruments containing substantive provisions on ''a number of WFCL'' *United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (although not using the term ''worst forms of child labour'', since this was first coined in an international instrument in the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention) Military use of children *Optional protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict in terms of the Convention on the Rights of the Child *United Nations Security Council Resolution 1261 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Law
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war, diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. Scholars distinguish between international legal institutions on the basis of their obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). The sources of international law include international custom (general state practice accepted as law), treaties, and general principles of law recognized by most national legal systems. Although international law may also be reflected in international comity—the practices adopted by states to maintain good relations and mutu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan (; 8 April 193818 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela. Annan studied economics at Macalester College, international relations at the Graduate Institute Geneva, and management at MIT. Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed secretary-general on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arms Trafficking
Arms trafficking or gunrunning is the illicit trade of contraband small arms and ammunition, which constitutes part of a broad range of illegal activities often associated with transnational criminal organizations. The illegal trade of small arms, unlike other organized crime commodities, is more closely associated with exercising power in communities instead of achieving economic gain. Scholars estimate illegal arms transactions amount to over US$1 billion annually. To keep track of imports and exports of several of the most dangerous armament categories, the United Nations, in 1991, created a Register for Conventional Arms. Participation, however, is not compulsory, and lacks comprehensive data in regions outside of Europe. Africa, due to a prevalence of corrupt officials and loosely enforced trade regulations, is a region with extensive illicit arms activity. In a resolution to complement the Register with legally binding obligations, a Firearms Protocol was incorporated int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Impunity
Impunity is avoidance of punishment, loss, or other negative consequences for an action. In the international law of human rights, impunity is failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice and, as such, itself constitutes a denial of the victims' right to justice and redress. Impunity is especially common in countries that lack a tradition of the rule of law, suffer from corruption or that have entrenched systems of patronage, or where the judiciary is weak or members of the security forces are protected by special jurisdictions or immunities. Impunity is sometimes considered a form of denialism of historical crimes. Examples The Armenian genocide was fueled by impunity for the perpetrators of earlier massacres of Armenians, such as the 1890s Hamidian massacres. After the genocide, the Treaty of Sèvres required Turkey to allow the return of refugees and enable them to recover their properties. However, Turkey did not allow the return of refugees and natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1460
United Nations Security Council resolution 1460, adopted unanimously on 30 January 2003, after recalling resolutions 1261 (1999), 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1306 (2000), 1308 (2000), 1314 (2000), 1325 (2000) and 1379 (2001), the council called for the immediate end to the use of child soldiers and endorsed an "era of application" of international norms and standards for the protection of war-affected children. Resolution Observations The Security Council reiterated its commitment to address the impact of armed conflict upon children and emphasised the responsibility of all parties to comply with the United Nations Charter and international law, and end impunity for those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and crimes against children. It was important that humanitarian personnel had safe and unimpeded access and the coming into force of the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict was welcomed. The Council further noted that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drummer Boy (military)
A drummer was responsible for the army drums for use on the battlefield. Drums were part of the field music for hundreds of years, being introduced by the Ottomans to Europe. Chinese armies however had used drums even before that. With the professionalization of armies, military music was developed as well. Drums were not only used for the men to march in step, but were an important part of the battlefield communications system, with various drum rudiments used to signal different commands from officers to troops. By the second half of the 18th century, most (if not all) Western armies had a standardized set of marches and signals to be played, often accompanied by fifers. The idea of the "Drummer Boy" The romantic idea about drummers is that they were young boys (for instance the Christmas carol "The Little Drummer Boy", or the painting "Steady the Drums"). The fact, though, is that drummers were more often adult men, recruited like the common soldiers. Fifers, on the other han ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1379
United Nations Security Council resolution 1379, adopted unanimously on 20 November 2001, after recalling resolutions 1261 (1999), 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1306 (2000), 1308 (2000), 1314 (2000) and 1325 (2000), the Council considered provisions to protect children during peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to identify parties to conflict that used or recruited child soldiers. Prior to the adoption of Resolution 1379, the first child to speak at the Security Council, a former soldier in Sierra Leone, urged the body to do everything possible to assist young people forced to fight in situations of armed conflict around the world. Resolution Observations The Security Council recognised the impact of war, armed conflict on children and consequences on peace, security and development. It stated its commitment to address the impact of armed conflict on children and underlined the need for all concerned parties to comply with the provisions of the United Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
