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Urban Morphology
Urban morphology is the study of the formation of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. The study seeks to understand the spatial structure and character of a metropolitan area, city, town or village by examining the patterns of its component parts and the ownership or control and occupation. Typically, analysis of physical form focuses on street pattern, lot (or, in the UK, plot) pattern and building pattern, sometimes referred to collectively as urban grain. Analysis of specific settlements is usually undertaken using cartographic sources and the process of development is deduced from comparison of historic maps. Special attention is given to how the physical form of a city changes over time and to how different cities compare to each other. Another significant part of this subfield deals with the study of the social forms which are expressed in the physical layout of a city, and, conversely, how physical form produces or reproduces various soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Köln Kern Netze
Cologne ( ; ; ) is the largest city of the States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and over 3.1 million people in the Cologne Bonn Region, Cologne Bonn urban region. Cologne is also part of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, the List of EU metropolitan regions by GDP#2021 ranking of top four German metropolitan regions, second biggest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. Centered on the left bank of the Rhine, left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is located on the River Rhine (Lower Rhine), about southeast of the North Rhine-Westphalia state capital Düsseldorf and northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. The city's medieval Cologne Cathedral () was the History of the world's tallest buildings#Churches and cathedrals: Tallest buildings between the 13th and 20th century, world's talles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics (how the context of use contributes to meaning). Subdisciplines such as biolinguistics (the study of the biological variables and evolution of language) and psycholinguistics (the study of psychological factors in human language) bridge many of these divisions. Linguistics encompasses Outline of linguistics, many branches and subfields that span both theoretical and practical applications. Theoretical linguistics is concerned with understanding the universal grammar, universal and Philosophy of language#Nature of language, fundamental nature of language and developing a general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicago School (sociology)
The Chicago school (sometimes known as the ecological school) refers to a school of thought in sociology and criminology originating at the University of Chicago whose work was influential in the early 20th century. Conceived in 1892, the Chicago school first rose to international prominence as the epicenter of advanced sociological thought between 1915 and 1935, when their work would be the first major bodies of research to specialize in urban sociology. This was considered the Golden Age of Sociology, with influence on many of today's well known sociologists. Their research into the urban environment of Chicago would also be influential in combining theory and ethnographic fieldwork. Major figures within the first Chicago school included Nels Anderson, Ernest Burgess, Ruth Shonle Cavan, Edward Franklin Frazier, Everett Hughes, Roderick D. McKenzie, George Herbert Mead, Robert E. Park, Walter C. Reckless, Edwin Sutherland, W. I. Thomas, Frederic Thrasher, Louis Wirt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialectical
Dialectic (; ), also known as the dialectical method, refers originally to dialogue between people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to arrive at the truth through reasoned argument. Dialectic resembles debate, but the concept excludes subjective elements such as emotional appeal and rhetoric. It has its origins in ancient philosophy and continued to be developed in the Middle Ages. Hegelianism refigured "dialectic" to no longer refer to a literal dialogue. Instead, the term takes on the specialized meaning of development by way of overcoming internal contradictions. Dialectical materialism, a theory advanced by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, adapted the Hegelian dialectic into a materialist theory of history. The legacy of Hegelian and Marxian dialectics has been criticized by philosophers, such as Karl Popper and Mario Bunge, who considered it unscientific. Dialectic implies a developmental process and so does not fit naturally within classical logi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Versailles, Yvelines
Versailles ( , ) is a commune in the department of the Yvelines, Île-de-France, known worldwide for the Château de Versailles and the gardens of Versailles, which is designated an UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Located in the western suburbs of the French capital, from the centre of Paris, Versailles is a wealthy suburb of Paris with a service-based economy and is a major tourist destination. According to the 2017 census, the population of the city is 85,862, down from a peak of 94,145 in 1975.Population en historique depuis 1968 , INSEE A founded by order of King |
Jeremy Whitehand
Jeremy Whitehand was a British academic geographer who latterly held the position of Emeritus Professor of Urban Geography at the University of Birmingham. He was described by one prominent urban morphology academic as having "structured an innovative and comprehensive school of urban morphological thought", and he made a considerable contribution to urban morphology's rigorousness. Background Whitehand was born in Reading, Berkshire. He became interested in geography partly as a result of the teaching of Robert W Brooker at school; Brooker wrote geographical textbooks. His family moved when he was 16 to Amersham, Buckinghamshire. Whitehand gained a Bachelor of Arts (with Honours) in Geography from the University of Reading, where he studied, in 1960. Career He gained a PhD in Geography from the University of Reading in 1965. His thesis was entitled: ''Building types as a basis for settlement classification''. Whitehand met M.R.G. Conzen when he was at the University o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Economics
Political or comparative economy is a branch of political science and economics studying economic systems (e.g. markets and national economies) and their governance by political systems (e.g. law, institutions, and government). Widely-studied phenomena within the discipline are systems such as labour and international markets, as well as phenomena such as growth, distribution, inequality, and trade, and how these are shaped by institutions, laws, and government policy. Originating in the 18th century, it is the precursor to the modern discipline of economics. Political economy in its modern form is considered an interdisciplinary field, drawing on theory from both political science and modern economics. Political economy originated within 16th century western moral philosophy, with theoretical works exploring the administration of states' wealth; ''political'' signifying the Greek word ''polity'' and ''economy'' signifying the Greek word ; household management. The earlie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typology (urban Planning And Architecture)
Typology is the study and classification of object types. In urban planning and architecture, typology refers to the task of identifying and grouping buildings and urban spaces according to the similarity of their essential characteristics. Common examples of essential characteristics include intensity of development (from rural to suburban to urban) and building use (church, hospital, school, apartment, house, etc.) Non-essential characteristics are those which, if modified, would not change the building type. Color, for example, would rarely be considered an essential characteristic of building type. Material, however, may or may not be considered essential depending on how integral the material is to the structure (engineering) and construction (assembly) of the building. Building types may be further divided into subtypes. For example, among religious structures there are churches and mosques, etc.; among churches there are cathedrals and chapels, etc.; among cathedrals the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gianfranco Caniggia
Gianfranco Caniggia (7 May 1933 – 10 November 1987) was an Italian architect and urban planner. Life and career Caniggia was a student of Saverio Muratori at the Sapienza University of Rome, University of Rome and distinguished himself through his restoration work in the historic centers of Como, Isernia, Florence, Naples, and Benevento. His notable projects include residential buildings on Via Trinità dei Pellegrini in Rome, created in collaboration with his father, Emanuele Caniggia, Emanuele (1957); the civil hospital of Isola del Liri (1960–1963); offices for the municipal and judicial authorities in Sora, Lazio, Sora (1962); the Teramo Courthouse (1968–1981); and various restoration projects in Como, including Pinacoteca Civica di Palazzo Volpi, Como, Palazzo Volpi (1970), Borgo Sant'Agostino (1971), Palazzo Giovio and Palazzo Olginati (1972). In the 1980s, Caniggia designed the Colle degli Ometti housing in Quinto al Mare, Genoa. Since 1971, he has held teaching po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saverio Muratori
Saverio Muratori (Modena, 1910 – Rome, 1973) was an Italian architect, regarded as one of the pioneers of typomorphological investigations of urban form.Moudon, Anne Vernez, "Getting to Know the Built Landscape: Typomorphology", in Franck, Karen A and Lynda H Schneekloth, ''Ordering Space: Types in Architecture and Design'', New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994 Early life and career Following the completion of his degree in 1933, Muratori wrote articles in the magazine ''Architettura''. After World War II, he was involved in housing projects in Rome, and designed public buildings in Bologna, Pisa and Rome. In 1952 he started teaching at the University of Venice, but in 1954 he moved back to Rome where he became Professor of Architectural Composition.Cataldi G. et al."Saverio Muratori and the Italian school of planning typology"in ''Urban Morphology'', nr. 6/1, 2002 Legacy Muratori's work has been highly influential on architectural design theory and practice in Italy as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muratori Venezia San Bartolomio
Muratori may be: People * Domenico Maria Muratori (1662–1744), Italian painter * Jack Muratori (1929-2001), Republican Party lawmaker from Queens, New York * Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672–1750), Italian historian * Michele Muratori (born 1983), Sammarinese politician * Raimondo Muratori (1841-1885), Italian painter, known for portraits and depicting religious subjects * Saverio Muratori (1910-1973), Italian architect and urban theorist * Teresa Scannabecchi (''née'' Teresa Muratori, 1662–1708), Baroque painter, daughter of Domenico Maria Muratori * Vincent Muratori (born 1987), French footballer Other * Murători, a tributary of the river Becaș in Romania * Muratorian fragment The Muratorian fragment, also known as the Muratorian Canon (Latin: ), is a copy of perhaps the oldest known list of most of the books of the New Testament. The fragment, consisting of 85 lines, is a Latin manuscript bound in a roughly 8th-centur ..., part of a copy of perhaps the oldest known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Figure-ground Theory
A figure-ground diagram is a two-dimensional map of an urban space that shows the relationship between built and unbuilt space. It is used in analysis of urban design and planning. It is akin to but not the same as a Nolli map which denotes public space both within and outside buildings and also akin to a block pattern diagram that records public and private property as simple rectangular blocks. The earliest advocates of its use were Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter. As well as "fabrics", a figure ground diagram comprises entities called pochés. These are, in simple terms, groups of structures — or in even simpler terms the black figures on the diagram. A poché helps to define the voids between the buildings, and to emphasize their existence as defined objects in their own rights: spaces that are as much a part of the design as the buildings whose exteriors define them. Frederick Gibberd was a proponent of the reverse figure-ground diagram, where the buildings are in white and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
