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Tüpraş Batman Oil Refinery
Tüpraş Batman Oil Refinery ( tr, Tüpraş Batman Rafinerisi) is an oil refinery in Batman, southeastern Turkey. It is owned and operated by Tüpraş, the country's only oil refiner with four refineries. Batman Oil Refinery is situated in downtown Batman. It became operational in 1955. The facility has an annual crude oil refining capacity of 1.1 million tonnes. It has the advantage of proximity to the domestic oil fields. It has a simple configuration due to lack of refining units. Intermediate goods are sent to the refineries in Izmir and kırıkkale by road transportation for further processing. In 2016, 1.0 million tonnes of asphalt base were produced, being an all-time record. The storage capacity of the refinery is 253,000 tonnes. The facility has a Nelson complexity index of 1.83. 463 personnel are employed in the facility. References Oil refineries in Turkey Buildings and structures in Batman Province Industrial buildings completed in 1955 Batman Batm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Refinery
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and petroleum naphtha. Petrochemicals feedstock like ethylene and propylene can also be produced directly by cracking crude oil without the need of using refined products of crude oil such as naphtha. The crude oil feedstock has typically been processed by an oil production plant. There is usually an oil depot at or near an oil refinery for the storage of incoming crude oil feedstock as well as bulk liquid products. In 2020, the total capacity of global refineries for crude oil was about 101.2 million barrels per day. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units, such as distillation co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batman, Turkey
Batman ( ku, Êlih) is a Kurdish-majority city in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and the capital of Batman Province. It lies on a plateau, above sea level, near the confluence of the Batman River and the Tigris. The Batı Raman oil field, which is the largest oil field in Turkey, is located just outside the city. Batman has a local airport and a military airbase, which was used for transit of aircraft and helicopters in some search and rescue operations during the Gulf War. Until the 1950s, Batman was a village, with a population of about 3,000. However, oil fields were discovered around it in the 1940s that resulted in a rapid development of the area and in the inflow of workforce from other parts of Turkey. In 1957, the village was renamed Batman, after the river namesake, received a city status and became a district center. Over the next 50 years, a significant amount of Batman's one-story buildings were rebuilt as multi-story buildings. As a result, its pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tüpraş
Türkiye Petrol Rafinerileri A.Ş. is a company in Turkey, operating four refineries with a total capacity to handle an annual 30 mn tons of crude. Introduction Tüpraş operates four oil refineries, three of which process imported crude. The 11 million tonnes a year Izmit refinery at Izmit in north west Turkey and the 11 million tonnes/yr Izmir refinery at Aliaga on Turkey's central Aegean coast process crude from global markets delivered by tanker while the 5 million tonnes/yr Kirikkale refinery at Kirrikale in central Turkey processes crude delivered to Turkey's Mediterranean oil hub at Ceyhan and transited to the refinery via a bespoke pipeline. The fourth refinery, the 1.1 million tonnes/yr batman refinery processes crude produced a myriad small oil fields in south east Turkey delivered to the refinery both via an existing pipeline network and by road tanker. Tupras also owns a majority stake (79,98%) in the shipping company DİTAŞ and, since 2006, a 40% ownership of petrol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Field
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust. Petroleum reservoirs are broadly classified as ''conventional'' and '' unconventional'' reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs, the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods. Oil field An oil field is an area of accumulation of liquid oil underground in multiple (potentially linked) reservoirs, trapped as it rises by impermeable rock formations. In industrial terms, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intermediate Good
Intermediate goods, producer goods or semi-finished products are goods, such as partly finished goods, used as inputs in the production of other goods including final goods. A firm may make and then use intermediate goods, or make and then sell, or buy then use them. In the production process, intermediate goods either become part of the final product, or are changed beyond recognition in the process. This means intermediate goods are resold among industries. Intermediate goods are not counted in a country's GDP, as that would mean double counting, as the final product only should be counted, and the value of the intermediate good is included in the value of the final good. The value-added method can be used to calculate the amount of intermediate goods incorporated into GDP. This approach counts every phase of processing included in production of final goods. Characterization of intermediate goods as physical goods can be misleading, since, in advanced economies, about half ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tüpraş Izmir Oil Refinery
Tüpraş Izmir Oil Refinery ( tr, Tüpraş İzmir Rafinerisi) is an oil refinery in Izmir, western Turkey. It is owned and operated by Tüpraş, the country's only oil refiner with four refineries. Izmir Oil Refinery is located at Aliağa district of İzmir Province. It became operational in 1972 with an annual crude oil refining capacity of about 5.0 million tonnes. Following investments for expansion and modernization, its annual refining capacity reached 10.0 million tonnes in 1987. After the overhaul works took place in 2007, the capacity increased to 11.0 million tonnes per year. In 2016, the refinery processed crude oil and byproducts of 11.7 million tonnes in total. The products are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), petroleum naphtha, gasoline, jet fuel (ATF), diesel fuel, base oil, heating oil, fuel oil Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tüpraş Kırıkkale Oil Refinery
Tüpraş Kırıkkale Oil Refinery ( tr, Tüpraş Kırıkkale Rafinerisi) is an oil refinery in Kırıkkale, central Turkey. It is owned and operated by Tüpraş, the country's only oil refiner with four refineries. The refinery is located on the west bank of Kızılırmak River in Hacılar town about south of Kırıkkale and about southeast of Ankara, in central Turkey. The refinery is built on a land of in a property stretching over . The refinery became operational in 1986. With its annual crude oil refining capacity of around 5 million tonnes, it is a middle-sized refinery in terms of Mediterranean standards. After its initial construction, the refinery was expanded by adding the units of hydrocraking, isomerization, diesel fuel desulfurisation and continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) reforming. Crude oil is supplied from the Botaş Ceyhan Oil Terminal using the Ceyhan-Kırıkkale Oil Pipeline. The facility has a Nelson complexity index of 6.32. Its storage capacity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitumen
Asphalt, also known as bitumen (, ), is a sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. Before the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used. Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org) The word is derived from the Ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος ''ásphaltos''. The largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world, estimated to contain 10 million tons, is the Pitch Lake located in La Brea in southwest Trinidad (Antilles island located on the northeastern coast of Venezuela), within the Siparia Regional Corporation. The primary use (70%) of asphalt is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs. In material sciences and engineering, the terms "asphalt" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nelson Complexity Index
The Nelson complexity index (NCI) is a measure to compare the secondary conversion capacity of a petroleum refinery with the primary distillation capacity. The index provides an easy metric for quantifying and ranking the complexity of various refineries and units. To calculate the index, it is necessary to use complexity factors, which compare the cost of upgrading units to the cost of crude distillation unit. History It was developed by Wilbur L. Nelson in a series of articles that appeared in the '' Oil & Gas Journal'' from 1960 to 1961 (Mar. 14, p. 189; Sept. 26, p. 216; and June 19, p. 109). In 1976, he elaborated on the concept in another series of articles, again in the ''Oil & Gas Journal'' (Sept. 13, p. 81; Sept. 20, p. 202; and Sept. 27, p. 83). Formula \text = \sum_^N F_i \cdot \frac Where: *F_i is a complexity factor *C_i is a unit capacity *C_\text is a capacity of crude distillation unit *N is a number of all units The NCI assigns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Refineries In Turkey
An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) & lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room temperature. The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes (e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents. Etymology First attested in English 1176, the word ''oil'' comes from Old French ''oile'', from Latin ''oleum'', which in turn comes from the Greek (''ela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Batman Province
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term ''building'' compare the list of nonbuilding structures. Buildings serve several societal needs – primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) and the ''outside'' (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Ever since the first cave paintings, buildings have also become objects or canvasses of much artis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrial Buildings Completed In 1955
Industrial may refer to: Industry * Industrial archaeology, the study of the history of the industry * Industrial engineering, engineering dealing with the optimization of complex industrial processes or systems * Industrial city, a city dominated by one or more industries * Industrial loan company, a financial institution in the United States that lends money, and may be owned by non-financial institutions * Industrial organization, a field that builds on the theory of the firm by examining the structure and boundaries between firms and markets * Industrial Revolution, the development of industry in the 18th and 19th centuries * Industrial society, a society that has undergone industrialization * Industrial technology, a broad field that includes designing, building, optimizing, managing and operating industrial equipment, and predesignated as acceptable for industrial uses, like factories * Industrial video, a video that targets “industry” as its primary audience * Industrial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
