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Telchinia
''Acraea'' is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae) of the subfamily Heliconiinae. It seems to be highly paraphyletic and has long been used as a " wastebin taxon" to unite about 220 species of anatomically conservative Acraeini. Some phylogenetic studies show that the genus ''Acraea'' is monophyletic if ''Bematistes'' and Neotropical ''Actinote'' are included (see Pierre & Bernaud, 2009). Most species assembled here are restricted to the Afrotropical realm, but some are found in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.Silva-Brandão et al. (2008) Biology The eggs are laid in masses; the larvae are rather short, of almost equal thickness throughout, and possessing branched spines on each segment, young larvae group together on a protecting mass of silk; the pupa is slender, with a long abdomen, rather wide and angulated about the insertion of the wings, and suspended by the tail only. '' A. horta'', '' A. cabira'', and '' A. terpsicore'' illustrate typica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Cabira
''Acraea cabira'', the yellow-banded acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae that is native to Africa. Description The wingspan is for males and for females. The male and female are very similar in colour. The upper surface of the wings is near black with large yellow patches on the forewing and hindwing. There is some reddish brown on the veins near the base of the forewings. The underside has patches of yellow corresponding to the upper side. The base of the undersurface of the wing has orange-brown markings with black spots. The margin of the wing on the undersurface has black lines on an orange-brown background.Williams, M. (1994). ''Butterflies of Southern Africa; A Field Guide''. . Technical Description ''A. cabira'' may be known by the hindmarginal spot on the upper side of the forewing completely covering the base of cellule 2 and reaching the cell in 1 b also; the light spot in 1 b is, however, proximally cut off obliquely and hence much narrower at vein 1 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliconiinae
The Heliconiinae, commonly called heliconians or longwings, are a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae). They can be divided into 45–50 genera and were sometimes treated as a separate family Heliconiidae within the Papilionoidea. The colouration is predominantly reddish and black, and though of varying wing shape, the forewings are always elongated tipwards, hence the common name. Most longwings are found in the Tropics, particularly in South America; only the Argynnini are quite diverse in the Holarctic. Especially tropical species feed on poisonous plants, characteristically Passifloraceae vines, as larvae, becoming poisonous themselves. The adult butterflies announce their acquired toxicity with strong aposematic colours, warning off would-be predators. There are several famous cases of Batesian and Müllerian mimicry both within this group and with other butterflies. Other commonly seen food plants are Fabaceae (which also contain several toxic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraeini
The Acraeini are a tribe of butterflies of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae. Genera The recognized genera are: Tree of Life * '' Abananote'' Potts, 1943 * ''Acraea'' Fabricius, 1807 – acraeas * '' Actinote'' Hübner, 819/small> – actinotes * '' Altinote'' Potts, 1943 – altinotes * '' Bematistes'' Hemming, 1935 *'' Cethosia'' (Fabricius, 1807) – lacewings * '' Miyana'' (Fruhstorfer, 1914) The genus ''Acraea'' is highly paraphyletic In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In ... and needs to be redelimited. This will possibly re-establish the old genus ''Telchinia'', and perhaps others. The genus '' Pardopsis'' Trimen, 1887, previously included in Acraeini, has tentatively been moved to the Argynnini tribe. References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinote
''Actinote'' is a genus of butterflies from South America of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae. (For taxonomic problems regarding this group, see ''Acraea''.) Males interact with or without physical contact to contest the possession of mating sites. The winner in such interactions often has larger body size and is the individual that previously occupied the territory (the resident). Species Listed alphabetically within groups:Glassberg, Jeffrey. (2007). ''A Swift Guide to Butterflies of Mexico and Central America.'' Sunstreak Books Inc. p. 78. *''anacreon'' species group: **'' Actinote anacreon'' **'' Actinote calida'' **'' Actinote guichardi'' **'' Actinote issoria'' **'' Actinote kaduna'' **'' Actinote mirifica'' **'' Actinote rahira'' **'' Actinote wigginsi'' **'' Actinote zitja'' *''mamita'' species group: **'' Actinote bonita'' Penz, 1996 **'' Actinote brylla'' Oberthür, 1917 **'' Actinote canutia'' (Hopffer, 1874) **'' Actinote catarina'' Penz, 1996 **'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passifloraceae
The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from the passion flower genus ('' Passiflora'') which includes the edible passion fruit (''Passiflora edulis''), as well as garden plants such as maypop and running pop. ''Passiflora'' vines and '' Dryas iulia'' (among other heliconian butterflies) have demonstrated evidence of coevolution, in which the plants attempted to stop their destruction from larval feeding by the butterflies, while the butterflies tried to gain better survival for their eggs. The former Cronquist system of classification placed this family in the order Violales, but under more modern classifications systems such as that proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, this is absorbed into the Malpighiales and the family has been expanded to include the former Maleshe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urticaceae
The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus ''Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeria nivea''), māmaki ('' Pipturus albidus''), and ajlai ('' Debregeasia saeneb''). The family includes about 2,625 species, grouped into 53 genera according to the database of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Christenhusz and Byng (2016). The largest genera are '' Pilea'' (500 to 715 species), '' Elatostema'' (300 species), ''Urtica'' (80 species), and '' Cecropia'' (75 species). '' Cecropia'' contains many myrmecophytes. Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, apart from the polar regions. Description Urticaceae species can be shrubs (e.g. '' Pilea''), lianas, herbs (e.g. ''Urtica'', '' Parietaria''), or, rarely, trees ('' Dendrocnide'', '' Cecropia''). Their leaves are usually entire and bear stipules. Urticating (stinging) hai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caterpillar
Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder Symphyta) are commonly called caterpillars as well. Both lepidopteran and symphytan larvae have eruciform body shapes. Caterpillars of most species eat plant material ( often leaves), but not all; some (about 1%) eat insects, and some are even cannibalistic. Some feed on other animal products. For example, clothes moths feed on wool, and horn moths feed on the hooves and horns of dead ungulates. Caterpillars are typically voracious feeders and many of them are among the most serious of agricultural pests. In fact, many moth species are best known in their caterpillar stages because of the damage they cause to fruits and other agricultural produce, whereas the moths are obscure and do no direct harm. Conversely, various species of cate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Terpsicore
Acraea (Ancient Greek: means 'of the heights' from ''akraios'') was a name that had several uses in Greek and Roman mythology. *Acraea, the naiad daughter of the river-god Asterion near Mycenae, who together with her sisters Euboea and Prosymna acted as nurses to Hera. A hill Acraea opposite the temple of Hera near Mycenae derived its name from her. *Acraea and Acraeus are also epithets given to various goddesses and gods whose temples were situated upon hills, such as Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, and others. Ezechiel Spanheim, ''In Callimachi hymnos observationes, in Jov.'' 82. Notes References * Apollodorus, ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Horta
''Acraea horta'' or the garden acraea is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Description ''A. horta'' L. (53 e, f) is one of the longest known and commonest Acraeids of the Cape, but it is also native to Pondoland, Natal, Zululand, Transvaal and Zimbabwe. It has a typical wingspan of 45–50 mm for males and 49–53 mm for females. The male is similar to that of ''neobule'', but differs in having the black dots of the fore wing absent or only represented by a dot in the cell and another in 1b, the marginal spots of the hind wing small, elongate and incompletely separated from the ground-colour and the hindwing beneath red at the inner margin and the marginal band. In the female the forewing is almost entirely hyaline and the hindwing above light yellow to grey-yellow, beneath whitish with larger marginal spots, bounded by distinct lunules. The larva is brown-yellow with black transverse lines and yellow 7 lateral and dors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Zetes Caterpillar To Pupae To Butterfly Metamorphosis By Nick Hobgood
Acraea (Ancient Greek: means 'of the heights' from ''akraios'') was a name that had several uses in Greek and Roman mythology. *Acraea, the naiad daughter of the river-god Asterion near Mycenae, who together with her sisters Euboea and Prosymna acted as nurses to Hera. A hill Acraea opposite the temple of Hera near Mycenae derived its name from her. *Acraea and Acraeus are also epithets given to various goddesses and gods whose temples were situated upon hills, such as Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, and others. Ezechiel Spanheim, ''In Callimachi hymnos observationes, in Jov.'' 82. Notes References * Apollodorus, ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with Deserts of Australia, deserts in the centre, tropical Forests of Australia, rainforests in the north-east, and List of mountains in Australia, mountain ranges in the south-east. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south east Asia approximately Early human migrations#Nearby Oceania, 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and north-west of mainland Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of 26 atolls of Maldives in South Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Mainland Southeast Asia is completely in the Northern Hemisphere. East Timor and the southern portion of Indonesia are the only parts that are south of the Equator. The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with both heavy seismi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
