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Taksim Square Massacre
The Taksim Square massacre ( tr, Kanlı 1 Mayıs, or the Bloody First of May) was an attack on leftist demonstrators on 1 May 1977 (International Workers' Day) in Taksim Square, Istanbul, Turkey. Casualty figures vary between 34 and 42 persons killed and 126 and 220 injured. Over 500 demonstrators were later detained by the security forces, and 98 were indicted. None of the perpetrators were caught, although suspicion soon fell on the Counter-Guerrilla and associated right-wing groups. The massacre was part of the wave of political violence in Turkey in the late 1970s. Background In the Ottoman Empire, the first celebration of Labour Day was organized in Skopje in 1909. In Istanbul, Labour Day was first celebrated in 1912. No celebrations could be organized between 1928 and 1975. On 1 May 1976 the Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions of Turkey (DISK) organized a rally on Taksim Square with mass participation. Rumours that Labour Day 1977 would involve clashes between diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leftist
Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in society whom its adherents perceive as disadvantaged relative to others as well as a belief that there are unjustified inequalities that need to be reduced or abolished. Left-wing politics are also associated with popular or state control of major political and economic institutions. According to emeritus professor of economics Barry Clark, left-wing supporters "claim that human development flourishes when individuals engage in cooperative, mutually respectful relations that can thrive only when excessive differences in status, power, and wealth are eliminated." Within the left–right political spectrum, ''Left'' and ''Right'' were coined during the French Revolution, referring to the seating arrangement in the French Estates General. Tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Socialist Web Site
The World Socialist Web Site (WSWS) is the website of the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). It describes itself as an "online newspaper of the international Trotskyist movement". The WSWS publishes articles and analysis of news and events from around the world, updated daily. The site also includes coverage of the history of working-class political and organized labor movements. About The WSWS was established on February 14, 1998. The site was redesigned on October 22, 2008, and then again on October 1, 2020. The WSWS supports and helps campaign for the Socialist Equality Parties in elections. The site has no advertisements, except for material from Mehring Books, the ICFI's publishing arm. Instead, it sustains itself through the donations of readers and supporters. David North serves as Chairman of the site's International Editorial Board. Content The WSWS publishes articles on politics, finance and economics, culture, police violence, racis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Intelligence Organization (Turkey)
The National Intelligence Organization ( tr, Millî İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT) is the state intelligence agency of Turkey. Established in 1965 to replace National Security Service, its aim is to gather information about the current and potential threats from inside and outside against all the elements that make up Turkey's indivisible integrity, constitutional order, existence, independence, security and national power and take precautions when necessary. The current headquarters of MIT is located in Etimesgut district of Ankara. The MIT co-operates with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the intelligence agencies of Russia. Its operations and missions are classified. Organization Organizational structure The Organisation's legal basis and structure can be found in Law No. 2937, the Law on the State Intelligence Services and the Turkish National Intelligence Organisation, as well as several other laws. Before November 2016, there were four main departments. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semih Sancar
Semih Sancar (1911 – 8 December 1984) was Chief of the Turkish General Staff from 1973 to 1978, a period including the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus. He was previously Commander of the Turkish Land Forces (1972–1973) and General Commander of the Turkish Gendarmerie (1969–1970). He was made a brigadier general in 1960, Major-General in 1963, lieutenant general in 1964 and was promoted to the rank of General in 1969. Commanded 4th Division as a brigadier general, also serving as Joint Chiefs of Staff Department and General Staff Operations Department, War Academies Commander attorney; with the rank of major general, 5th Corps Commander attorney and Land Forces Operations Staff Yarbaşkanlıg As a lieutenant general, in the Army Education Corps Command and Commander 9th Corps. Gen. rank in the August 29, 1969 - Gendarmerie General Command to August 29, 1970; from 1970 until August 28, 1972 commanded 2 Army Command. On August 28, 1972 he was appointed Commander of the Tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Army
The Turkish Land Forces ( tr, Türk Kara Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Army (Turkish: ), is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The army was formed on November 8, 1920, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Significant campaigns since the foundation of the army include suppression of rebellions in southeastern Turkey from the 1920s to the present day, combat in the Korean War, the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus and the current Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War, as well as its NATO alliance against the USSR during the Cold War. The army holds the preeminent place within the armed forces. It is customary for the Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces to have been the Commander of the Turkish Land Forces prior to his appointment as Turkey's senior ranking officer. Alongside the other two armed services, the Turkish Army has frequently intervened in Turkish politics, a custom that is now regulated to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stay-behind
In a stay-behind operation, a country places secret operatives or organizations in its own territory, for use in case an enemy occupies that territory. If this occurs, the operatives would then form the basis of a resistance movement or act as spies from behind enemy lines. Small-scale operations may cover discrete areas, but larger stay-behind operations envisage reacting to the conquest of whole countries. Stay-behind also refers to a military tactic whereby specially trained soldiers let themselves be overrun by enemy forces in order to conduct intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance tasks often from pre-prepared hides. History Stay-behind operations of significant size existed during World War II. The United Kingdom put in place the Auxiliary Units. Partisans in Axis-occupied Soviet territory in the early 1940s operated with a stay-behind element. During the Cold War, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) coordinated and the Central Inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dev-Genç
The Revolutionary Youth Federation of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Devrimci Gençlik Federasyonu), often known simply as Revolutionary Youth ( tr, Devrimci Gençlik, DEV-GENÇ) was a Marxist-Leninist organization founded in 1965 in Turkey and banned in 1971 after the 1971 Turkish coup d'état, continuing for some time as an underground organization. It was founded in 1965 as the ''Federation of Debate Clubs'' and renamed in 1969. ''Dev-Genç'' members set U.S. Ambassador Robert Komer's car on fire in 1969 while he was visiting an Ankara university campus. ''Dev-Genç'' members participated in the protests against the United States Sixth Fleet anchoring in Turkey (June 1967 to February 1969) and also played an active role in the workers' actions on 15–16 June 1970.See the undated articlDev-Genç (Devrimci Gençlik Federasyonu retrieved 30 September 2014 Members included were Ulaş Bardakçı, Mahir Çayan, Cihan Alptekin and Necmettin Büyükkaya. CIA agent Aldrich Ames was able ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nokta
''Nokta'' ("Point" in Turkish) was a leading Turkish weekly political news magazine. Founded in 1983, it was closed down by its owner in 2007 under military pressure after revealing several coup plots. Revived in 2015, it was closed again in the course of the 2016–17 Turkish purges. Contributors to ''Nokta'' included Ayşe Arman, Can Dündar and Ahmet Şık. History and profile The magazine was launched by Ercan Arıklı on 1 March 1982 as ''Nokta ve İnsanlar''. It became ''Nokta'' in 1983. The magazine had a liberal and progressive stance during the Ercan Arıklı period and In 1989 it was the highest-circulation news weekly in Turkey, ahead of ''2000'e Doğru''.Lois Whitman, Thomas Froncek. (1989)Paying the Price: Freedom of Expression in Turkey Human Rights Watch, 1989. pp. 30-32 In March 2007, ''Nokta'' ran a story, written by its Editor in Chief, Ahmet Alper Görmüş, revealing a confidential campaign of the military blacklisting some journalists and press organs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Süleyman Demirel
Süleyman Sami Demirel (; 1 November 1924 – 17 June 2015) was a Turkish politician, engineer, and statesman who served as the 9th President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000. He previously served as the Prime Minister of Turkey seven times between the years 1965 and 1993. He was the leader of the Justice Party (AP) from 1964 to 1980 and the leader of the True Path Party (DYP) from 1987 to 1993. Having been identified as a potential future Prime Minister by Adnan Menderes, Demirel was elected leader of the Justice Party in 1964 and managed to bring down the government of İsmet İnönü in 1965 despite not being a Member of Parliament. He supported the government of Suat Hayri Ürgüplü until his party won a parliamentary majority in 1965. He became the first Prime Minister born in the Republic of Turkey. Claiming that his Justice Party was the successor of the banned Democrat Party, he was re-elected as premier in 1969 by winning a parliamentary majority for a second time. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Progress
''The Progress'' is a weekly newspaper that covers six towns in the western area of Essex County, New Jersey. The towns are Caldwell, North Caldwell North Caldwell is a borough in northwestern Essex County, New Jersey, United States, and a suburb of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 6,694, an increase of 511 (+8.3%) from the 2010 census count ..., West Caldwell, Fairfield, Roseland and Essex Fells. The newspaper was founded more than 100 years ago. Weekly paid circulation was 3,905 as of May 2014. The Progress is owned by New Jersey Hills Media Group, which bought the independent newspaper from co-owners John A. Sullivan III and Jean Conlon in 1998. Conlon of West Caldwell started work at The Progress in 1969 and became co-owner in 1987. Rita Annan-Brady of Caldwell was editor from 1998 to 2008, when she became lifestyles editor, retiring in 2019. Russ Crespolini was editor from 2014 to 2018. He was succeeded by the curren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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