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Tabanomorpha
The Brachyceran infraorder Tabanomorpha is a small group that consists primarily of two large families, the Tabanidae (horse and deer flies) and Rhagionidae (snipe flies), and an assortment of very small affiliated families, most of which have been (or could be, or sometimes are) included within the Rhagionidae. Description Adult Tabanomorpha typically have a convex face and antenna bearing styli. The forewing has a costa along its entire perimeter (though its posterior portion may be weaker), while the tarsi have pulvilliform empodia. Males have eyes that are nearly or fully holoptic and have an endoaedeagal process which is usually quite long and distinct. Females have the cercus always flattened. Larval Tabanomorpha have a retractable head capsule and a brush of setae just under the fold of the integument. Ecology Adults of most species feed on nectar and pollen, but blood-feeding ( hematophagy) occurs in the majority of female Tabanidae, some Rhagionidae and an Atheric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabanomorpha
The Brachyceran infraorder Tabanomorpha is a small group that consists primarily of two large families, the Tabanidae (horse and deer flies) and Rhagionidae (snipe flies), and an assortment of very small affiliated families, most of which have been (or could be, or sometimes are) included within the Rhagionidae. Description Adult Tabanomorpha typically have a convex face and antenna bearing styli. The forewing has a costa along its entire perimeter (though its posterior portion may be weaker), while the tarsi have pulvilliform empodia. Males have eyes that are nearly or fully holoptic and have an endoaedeagal process which is usually quite long and distinct. Females have the cercus always flattened. Larval Tabanomorpha have a retractable head capsule and a brush of setae just under the fold of the integument. Ecology Adults of most species feed on nectar and pollen, but blood-feeding ( hematophagy) occurs in the majority of female Tabanidae, some Rhagionidae and an Atheric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagionidae
Rhagionidae or snipe flies are a small family of flies. They get their name from the similarity of their often prominent proboscis that looks like the beak of a snipe. Description Rhagionidae are medium-sized to large flies with slender bodies and stilt-like legs. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing and many species are haematophagous as adults, while others are predatory on other insects. They are typically brown and yellow flies, and lack bristles. The larvae are also predatory and are mostly terrestrial, although some are aquatic.Watson & Dallwitz Snipe flies in the genus ''Rhagio'' are sometimes called "down-looker" flies after their habit of perching head-downward on tree trunks. Classification The family is contained in Brachycera infraorder Tabanomorpha, and several of its constituent groups have been recently elevated to family rank. '' Atherix'' (and related genera) now comprise the Athericidae, ''Vermileo'' (and related genera) now comprise the Vermileonida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horse-fly
Horse-flies or horseflies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. They are often large and agile in flight, and only the female horseflies bite animals, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunlight, avoiding dark and shady areas, and are inactive at night. They are found all over the world except for some islands and the polar regions (Hawaii, Greenland, Iceland). Both horse-flies and botflies (Oestridae) are sometimes referred to as gadflies. Adult horse-flies feed on nectar and plant exudates; the males have weak mouthparts and only the females bite animals to obtain enough protein from blood to produce eggs. The mouthparts of females are formed into a stout stabbing organ with two pairs of sharp cutting blades, and a spongelike part used to lap up the blood that flows from the wound. The larvae are predaceous and grow in semiaquatic habitats. Female horse-flies can transfer blood-borne diseases from one animal to anoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachycera
The Brachycera are a suborder of the order Diptera. It is a major suborder consisting of around 120 families. Their most distinguishing characteristic is reduced antenna segmentation. Description A summary of the main physical characteristics is: * Antenna size (with eight or fewer flagellomeres) is reduced. * The maxillary palp (an elongated appendage near the mouth) has two segments or fewer. * The back portions of the larval head capsule extend into the prothorax (the anterior part of the thorax, which bears the first pair of legs). * Two distinct parts make up of the larval mandible (lower jaw). * The epandrium and hypandrium of the genitalia are separated in males. * No premandible is present on the lower surface of the labrum (the roof of the mouth). * The configuration of the CuA2 and A1 wing veins is distinct. Brachyceran flies can also be distinguished through behavior. Many of the species are predators or scavengers. Classification The structure of subgroups wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolbomyiidae
''Bolbomyia'' is a genus of snipe flies, and the sole genus in the family Bolbomyiidae; until 2010, it was placed in the family Rhagionidae.Kerr, P.H. 2010: Phylogeny and classification of Rhagionidae, with implications for Tabanomorpha (Diptera: Brachycera)''Zootaxa'' 2592: 1–133. They are a small 2 to 3.5 mm, brown or black in color, with lightly infuscate (darkened) wings. They are restricted to the north temperate region of North America and Russian Far East (Kamchatka). Species *†'' B. loewi'' Meunier, 1902 - fossil Baltic *'' B. melanderi'' Chillcott, 1963 - Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ... *'' B. nana'' Loew, 1862 - Nearctic *'' B. wuorentausi'' ( Szilády, 1934) - Russia References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4939015 Rhagionoidea Brachycera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabanoidea
Superfamily Tabanoidea are insects in the order Diptera. Systematics Tabanoidea *Family Athericidae :*Sunfamily Dasyommatinae ::*Genus ''Dasyomma'' Macquart, 1840 :*Sunfamily Dasyommatinae ::*Genus ''Asuragina'' Yang & Nagatomi, 1992 ::*Genus ''Atherix'' Meigen, 1803 ::*Genus ''Atrichops'' Verrall, 1909 ::*Genus ''Microphora'' Krober, 1840 ::*Genus ''Pachybates'' Bezzi, 1926 ::*Genus '' Suragina'' Walker, 1858 ::*Genus '' Suraginella'' Stuckenberg, 2000 ::*Genus ''Trichacantha'' Stuckenberg, 1955 ::*Genus ''Xeritha'' Stuckenberg, 1966 ::*Genus '' Athericites'' Mostovski, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2003 ::*Genus '' Succinatherix'' Stuckenberg, 1974 Baltic amber, Eocene *Family Oreoleptidae :*Genus '' Oreoleptis'' Zloty, Sinclair, & Pritchard, 2005 *Family Pelecorhynchidae :*Genus '' Pelecorhynchus'' Macquart, 1850 :*Genus '' Glutops'' Burgess, 1878 :*Genus '' Pseudoerinna'' , 1932 *Family Tabanidae :*Subfamily Adersiinae ::*Genus ''Adersia'' Austen, 1912 :*Subfamily Chr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreoleptidae
Oreoleptidae is a family of flies (insects in the order Diptera). The family was established in 2005 on the basis of the type species ''Oreoleptis torrenticola'' placed in the monotypic genus ''Oreoleptis''. The only known species was collected from the Rocky Mountains where the larvae grow in torrential streams. Larvae have also been found in groundwater wells. The larvae are similar to those of Athericidae and Tabanidae Horse-flies or horseflies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. They are often large and agile in flight, and only the female horseflies bite animals, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in s ... but with long crocheted false-legs (prolegs) arising from abdominal segments 2-7. The larvae have hollow mandibular hooks. The aberrant larvae had been collected in the past in the United States and considered as Athericids but entomologists had been unable to identify the adult stage until 2005 when adults were r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemestrinoidea
Nemestrinoidea is a small, monophyletic superfamily of flies, whose relationship to the other Brachycera is uncertain; they are sometimes grouped with the Tabanomorpha rather than the Asilomorpha. They are presently considered to be the sister taxon to the Asiloidea. The group contains two very small extant families, the Acroceridae and Nemestrinidae, both of which occur worldwide but contain only small numbers of rare species. One extinct family, Rhagionemestriidae, is also included in Nemestrinoidea. These insects are parasitoids, with Acroceridae attacking spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...s, and Nemestrinidae typically attacking Orthoptera. Both families have unusual and distinctive wing venation by which they can be easily recognized, in addition t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vermileonomorpha
The Brachyceran family Vermileonidae (the sole family in the infraorder Vermileonomorpha) is a small family of uncertain affinities and unusual biology. It includes fewer than 80 described species, most of them rare and with restricted distribution, in 10 genera. Historically the vermileonids had been regarded as belonging to the family Rhagionidae, possibly in a subfamily Vermileoninae. Their biology and morphology are so markedly distinct from the main Rhagionidae ''sensu stricto'' however, that the placement as a separate family has been widely accepted. Adult The adults are slender, fragile, long-legged flies, vaguely reminiscent of small crane flies. The adults generally visit flowers for nectar, but adults of some species may not feed at all. The mouthparts of the adult are hypognathous, used mainly for extracting nectar from flowers, long, and straight. This might have something to do with the common name "snipe-fly" for the family Rhagionidae, but it would be misleadin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austroleptidae
''Austroleptis'' is a genus of snipe flies, and the sole genus in the family Austroleptidae; until 2010, it was placed in the family Rhagionidae. They are small to moderately sized flies of around 3 to 7.7 mm. The family Austroleptidae was originally created by Nagatomi (1982) as "Austroleptinae", a subfamily of Rhagionidae. It was later proposed that it be raised to family rank by Stuckenburg (2001). Species *'' Austroleptis atrata'' Nagatomi & Nagatomi, 1987 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis atriceps'' Malloch, 1932 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis breviflagella'' Nagatomi & Nagatomi, 1987 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis camposgerais'' Fachin, Santos & Amorim, 2020 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis collessi'' Paramonov, 1962 – Australasia *'' Austroleptis fulviceps'' Malloch, 1932 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis longirostris'' Fachin, Santos & Amorim, 2018 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis multimaculata'' Hardy, 1920 – Australasia *'' Austroleptis papaveroi'' Fachin, Santos & Amo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with herbivory, as seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predators may actively search for or pursue prey or wait for it, often concealed. When prey is detected, the predator assesses whether to attack it. This may involve ambush or pursuit predation, sometimes after stalking the prey. If the attack is successful, the predator kills the prey, removes any inedible parts like the shell or spines, and eats it. Predators are adapted and often highly specialized for hunting, with acute senses such as vision, hearing, or smell. Many predatory animals, both vertebrate an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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